WEB PAGE

Web page is a web document available on World Wide Web that is

accessible through the internet using a web browser like- Internet Explorer.

• Web pages are stored on web server and can be viewed using a web
browser.

• A web pages is accessed by entering a URL (Uniform Resource Locator

- a mechanism used to locate a webpage on the internet.) addresses
in the address field of web browser.

• A web page may contain text, graphics, audios,videos and hyperlinks

to other web pages and files.

• These documents are written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

and are translated by your Web browser.

• "Web" is simply a shortened version of "World Wide Web"

Types of web pages

1. Static web pages.

2. Dynamic web pages.

Static web pages.

• Static pages show the same content each time they are viewed i.e.
they don’t change their appearance, layout or content once they
have been loaded
• The process of designing static web pages is called Web Designing .

Dynamic web pages.

• Dynamic web pages have content that can change each time they are
accessed i.e. they can change their appearance, layout or contents
once they have been loaded.
 • The process of developing dynamic web pages is called web
Development.

WEBSITE

A website is a collection of related web pages linked together, containing

multimedia contents (text, images,audio, video and animation).

Typically, identified by with the a common domain name and published on

at least one web server.

Any business, government, or person can create a websites on the internet.

A website can be a personal websites, a commercial website for a company

a government website or a non-profit organization website.

Each website has its own unique web address (URL -uniform resource
locator) which can be reached through an internet connection.

A single web sever may support multiple websites and a single website may
reside on multiple web server.

WEB BROWSER

A web browser is a software application that allows users to access, view,

and interact with information on the World Wide Web

It provides an interface between the sever and the client and it request to
the server for web document and service.
Examples: Google chrome, Microsoft edge, Mozilla Firefox, and safari etc.

Web browser is the client side program runs on a computer that contacts
the web sever and request information.

The web server sends the information back to the web browser which
displays on the computer.

Since web browser are made different software companies, some features
of a web browser may not be part of another browser.
The framework of Google chrome consists of following major components:

• Back / Forward button

• Home page
• Refresh
• Favorites Bar
• Settings
• History
• Title Bar
• URL/Address Bar

Function of Web Browsers

• The main function is to retrieve information from the world wide web
and making it available for users

• Visiting any website can be done using a web browser. When a URL
is entered in a browser, the web server takes us to that website

• Browsers user internal cache which gets stored and the user can
open the same webpage time and again without losing extra data
 • Multiple web pages can be opened at the same time on a web
browser

• Options like back, forward, reload, stop reload, home, etc. are
available on these web browsers, which make using them easy and
convenient

WEB SERVER

Web server refers to hardware or the software that is used to deliver web
pages to clients.

The most common use of the web server is to host websites (web hosting is
the service of storing and maintaining a websites files on a server so that it
can be accessed online.)

A Web sever is a system that runs websites. It is a computer where the

web content is stored.

The basic objective of the web server is to store, process and deliver web
pages to end users over the internet.

This intercommunication is done using HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol),

Apart form HTTP is also supports SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer protocol)
Ex: Apache HTTP server, Microsoft IIS, Lite speed and Caddy.

A web server is also know as an Internet server.

Any computer can be turned into a web sever by installing server software
and connecting the machine to the internet.

How web servers work

The end user processes a request via a web browser installed on a web server.
The communication between a web server or browser and the end user takes
place using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The primary role of a web
server is to store, process, and deliver requested information or webpages to end
users. It uses:
Physical Storage: All website data is stored on a physical web server to ensure
its safety. When an end user enters the URL of your website or searches it using
a keyword on a browser, a request is generated and sent to the web server to
process the data.
Web browser: The role of web browsers such as Firefox, Chrome, or Internet
Explorer is to find the web server on which your website data is located. Once
the browser finds your server, it reads the request and processes the
information.

Search engines
Search engines are programs that allow users to search and retrieve
information from the vast amount of content available on the
internet.
• a search engine is an internet-based software program whose main task is
to collect a large amount of data or information about what is on the
internet, then categorize the data or information and then help user to find
the required information from the categorized information.
• For Example: a student wants to learn python language so he/she searches
the “python tutorial ” in the search engine. So the student gets a list of
links that contain the tutorial links.

• Google, Yahoo, and Bing are the most popular Search Engines.

How do search engines work

Basically all search engines go through three stages:

Stage 1: Crawling

Stage 2: Indexing

Stage 3: Ranking and Retrieval

Crawling
This stage involves scanning the sites and obtaining information about
everything that is contained there: page title, keywords, layout, pages that it
links to – at a bare minimum. This task is performed by special software
robots, called “spiders” or “crawlers”. These robots usually start with the
most heavily used servers and popular web pages. The link structure is very
important to determine the route that these “crawlers” follow.

Indexing
Once all the data has been assimilated, selected pieces of it are stored in
huge storage facilities. We can relate in this way: we possess several
number of books. Going through all of it is the crawling, and making a list
of them, along with their authors and other related information is
the indexing. This example provides a small-scale view. If we expand this
assumption to books contained in all the libraries in this world, that pretty
much explains the magnitude a search engine undertakes.

Ranking
Ranking is the position by which your website is listed in any Search Engine.
There is following three steps in which how ranking works

Step 1: Analyze user query – This step is to understand what kind of

information the user is looking for. To do that analyze the user’s query by
breaking it down into a number of meaningful keywords. A keyword is a
word that has a specific meaning and purpose, for example when you type
how to make a chocolate cupcake search engines know that you are looking
for specific information so the results will contain recipes and step-by-step
instructions. They can also understand the meaning of how to change a
light bulb is the same as how to replace a light bulb search engines are
clever enough to interpret spelling mistakes also.

Step 2: Finding matching pages – This step is to look into their index and

find the best matching pages, for example, if you search dark wallpaper

then it gives you the result of images, not text.

Step 3: Present the results to the users – A typical search results page

includes ten organic results in most cases it is enriched with other elements

like paid Ads, direct answers for specific queries, etc.

Difference between Search Engine and Web Browser

Parameters Search Engine Web Browser

Purpose Finds web pages based on keywords Displays web pages
How it Searches the internet for relevant Retrieves content from
works results websites
What it Index of crawled websites Content of visited
stores websites

Installation Search Engine need not to be Many Web Browsers can

installed on our system (i.e. comes as be installed on our
default). system
Example Example of famous search engines Some of the widely used
are: Google, Yahoo, Bing. web browsers are:
Mozilla Firefox, Netscape
Navigator, and Google
Chrome.