COMPACT DESIGN FOR THE USE OF SENIOR CITIZENS USING
RF TRANSCIEVERS(ATmega328P).
Making our projects wirelessly makes it look cool and extends the range in which it can be
controlled. In this project we will learn how we can build wireless projects using a 433 MHz
RF module.
This topic focus on designing a small, reliable and user-friendly device that leverages RF
communication for basic functionalities like ease of switching on the room lights and
triggering the buzzer for any type of help.
Components Required
01. 433 MHz RF transmitter and receiver
02. Microcontroller- ATmega328P
03. LED
04. Buzzer
05. PCB boards
06. HT12D Decoder IC
07. HT12E Encoder IC
08. Push Buttons
09. 9V Battery
10. Bread Board
11. 1M ohm,47k ohm,470 ohm
12. Connecting wires
433MHz RF Transmitter and Receiver Module:
The transmitter module consists of three pins namely: Vcc, Din and ground. The Vcc pin has
a wide range input voltage from 3V to 12V. The center pin is the data pin to which the signal
to be transmitted is sent. This signal is then modulated using ASK and then sent on air with a
frequency of 433MHz.
The receiver module has four pins namely: Vcc, Dout, Linear out and Ground. The Vcc pin
should be powered with a regulated 5V supply. The pins Dout and Linear out is shorted
together to receive the 433MHz signal from air. This signal is then demodulated to get the
data and is sent out through the data pin.
Need of Encoder and Decoder:
The HT12D and HT12E are 4-data bit encoder and decoder modules. These are 18oin IC’s
which can operate between 3 V-12V input power supply. They have 4-data bit and 8-
address bit, these address bits have to be set same on both the encoder and decoder to
make them work as a pair.
Working principle:
When the device [powers on the ATmega328P initializes all connected modules,
including setting up the RF transceiver module configuring GPIO pins for input and
output (LED).
Upon detecting a trigger, the ATmega328P activates the RF transceiver module to
send a message.
This message can contain a basic information like a unique device ID.
The ATmega328P sends the alert to a pre-configured receiver.
After sending the alert/message the device waits briefly for an acknowledgement
from the receiver to confirm that the message was received.
If the acknowledgement is received, the ATmega328P activates a LED to confirm the
user that lights of a room are ON.
If no acknowledgement is received the ATmega328P can retry the transmission by
pressing the push button again and again.
Block diagram:
Summary:
This ATmega328P RF Transceiver project offers senior citizens an easy way to call for help or
eases their way of living. Its simple design with two push buttons, RF communication, and
power efficient operation makes it suitable for daily use without requiring complex handling.
The device’s compactness, coupled with an RF link to receiver ensures reliable and user-
friendly functionality in critical situations.
