AC MACHINES
(20A02402T)
LECTURE NOTES
II -B.Tech II-Semester
Prepared by
Dr. S. Mallikarjunaiah, Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
VEMU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Approved By AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)
Accredited By NAAC, NBA( EEE, ECE & CSE) & ISO: 9001-2015 Certified Institution
Near Pakala, P.Kothakota, Chittoor- Tirupathi Highway
Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh-517 112
Web Site: www.vemu.org
R 20 Regulations
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR
(Established by Govt. of A.P., ACT No.30 of 2008)
ANANTHAPURAMU – 515 002 (A.P) INDIA
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Course Code AC MACHINES L T P C
20A02402T 3 0 0 3
Pre-requisite Electrical circuits, Magnetic circuits, Semester IV
DC machines and transformers
Course Objectives:
The students will be able to:
Understand the fundamentals of AC machines, know equivalent circuit performance
characteristics.
Understand the methods of starting of Induction motors.
Understand the methods of starting of Synchronous motors.
Understand the parallel operation of Alternators.
Course Outcomes (CO):
At the end of this course, students will be able to:
Understand the basics of ac machine windings, construction, principle of working, equivalent
circuit of induction and synchronous machines.
Analyze the phasor diagrams of induction and synchronous machine, parallel operation of
alternators, synchronization and load division of synchronous generators.
Apply the concepts to determine V and inverted V curves and power circles of synchronous
motor.
Analyze the various methods of starting in both induction and synchronous machines.
UNIT - I Fundamentals of AC machine windings 9Hrs
Physical arrangement of windings in stator and cylindrical rotor; slots for windings; single turn coil -
active portion and overhang; full-pitch coils, concentrated winding, distributed winding, winding
axis, Air-gap MMF distribution with fixed current through winding - concentrated and distributed,
Sinusoidally distributed winding, winding distribution factors.
UNIT - II Induction Machines 10 Hrs
Operating principle, Construction, Types (squirrel cage and slip-ring), Starting and Maximum
Torque, Equivalent circuit, Phasor Diagram, Torque-Slip Characteristics, power flow in induction
machines, Losses and Efficiency, No load and blocked rotor test, Circle diagram, performance
characteristics, Numerical problems. Methods of starting, braking and speed control for induction
motors, Doubly-Fed Induction Machines, crawling and cogging. Analysis of 3 phase induction
motors with single phasing operation.
UNIT - III Synchronous generators 10 Hrs
Constructional features, cylindrical rotor synchronous machine - generated EMF, equivalent circuit
and phasor diagram, armature reaction, synchronous impedance, voltage regulation, EMF, MMF,
ZPF and ASA methods. Operating characteristics of synchronous machines, Salient pole machine -
two reaction theory, analysis of phasor diagram, power angle characteristics. Parallel operation of
alternators - synchronization and load division.
UNIT - IV Synchronous motors 10 Hrs
Principle of operation, methods of starting, Phasor diagram of synchronous motor, variation of
current and power factor with excitation, V and inverted V curves, Hunting and use of damper bars,
Synchronous condenser and power factor correction, Excitation and power circles.
UNIT - V Single-phase induction motors 9 Hrs
Constructional features, double revolving field theory, equivalent circuit, determination of
parameters. Split-phase starting methods and its applications, capacitor start and run single phase
R 20 Regulations
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR
(Established by Govt. of A.P., ACT No.30 of 2008)
ANANTHAPURAMU – 515 002 (A.P) INDIA
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
motors, reluctance single phase motors, stepper motors, BLDC motors.
Textbooks:
1. A. E. Fitzgerald and C. Kingsley, "Electric Machinery”, McGraw Hill Education, 2013.
2. P. S. Bimbhra, “Electrical Machinery”, Khanna Publishers, 2011.
Reference Books:
1. M. G. Say, “Performance and design of AC machines”, CBS Publishers, 2002.
2. I. J. Nagrath and D. P. Kothari, “Electric Machines”, McGraw Hill Education, 2010.
3. A. S. Langsdorf, “Alternating current machines”, McGraw Hill Education, 1984.
4. P. C. Sen, “Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics”, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
Online Learning Resources:
https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc21_ee13/preview
