Linear homework

Chapter 4
Q1
• find the sum of the vectors and illustrate the sum geometrically.
1

• u = (4, −2), v = (−2, −3) (4 -2) i

·

·
(2,-5) + Y
-
h + t = (2 ,
-

5)
Q2
• find w such that 2u + v − 3w = 0
• u = (−6, 0, 2, 0), v = (5, −3, 0, 1)
4 07 + 15 , -3 -1) 3w
(
0
12 0 =
- , , .
,
.

30 =
) 7 -
-
3 4
.
-
1)
, ,

~ =
(2 ,
- 1
, 5, 5) -
Q3
• write v as a linear combination of u1 , u2 , and u3 , if possible.

• v = (7, 2, 5, −3), u1 = (2, 1, 1, 2), u2 = (−3, 3, 4, −5), u3 = (−6, 3, 1, 2)

b13 2) 2 u , U2- Us
17 , 2,
5, -3) = a(2 , 1 1 , , 2) + ,
3 4 , . -5) + 216 ,
3 1
. .
= V =

2a -
3b -
6c =
7 3a -
3c =
9
9 +
3b + 3c = 2
a -
c =
3
a + 43 2 + = 5
29 5b +
=
) 2a - 6c =
le
-
2
2a -
2 = 6

8 btht
2
- a
+ =

-
42 = 4

c = -

1
Q4
• write each vector as a linear combination of the vectors in S (if
possible) 2b a +
3
=
- 2 52 =
- 14
,4 b =

b = -
6
2n a -
=
- -

12
4a
-
2) = -

-
a +
2b =
-

• S = {(1, 2, −2), (2, −1, 1)} 2a -

b
2b
= -
3
6
5 b =
-
49
=
-
=

(2 , %1.
• (a) z = (−4, −3, 3) a) ( 2) + b(2 , +, 1) ) 271 2 -2) -
=
a -
-
,
,
= , ,

- Y (1 2
, 2) + =12 ,1 1)
• (b) v = (−2, −6, 6) a)( 2) + b(2 , +, 1) =)
,

a - ,
= , ,

-1 1
,2) + 4(2 ,
• (c) w = (−1, −22, 22) a)( 9(( 2
2) + b(2 , +, 1) =
-
a -
,
= , ,

be written as a liner combination

• (d) u = (1, −5, −5) all -y = .
+ b12 +, 1) -
can't

a + 2b = -
59 =
-

45
b 22
2a =
- -

49 - 26 = 44
- a=
=

9
b = 4
Q5
• determine whether the set S spans R2 . If the set does not span R2 ,
then give a geometric description of the subspace that it does span.

• S = {(−1, 2), (2, −1), (1, 1)} I +

R
Q6
• determine whether the set S spans R3 . If the set does not span R3 ,
then give a geometric description of the subspace that it does span.
0

y
=

• S = {(1, 0, 3), (2, 0, −1), (4, 0, 5), (2, 0, 6)} - (x ,

0
, 2)
Q7
• determine whether the set S is linearly independent or linearly
dependent.

• S = {(4, −3, 6, 2), (1, 8, 3, 1), (3, −2, −1, 0)}

b (1 8 3 1) + 2 13 ,2 ,1 %) =
10 , 0
,
0
%
a (4 2) +
.
-

3 6 ,
. , ,

, ,
,

linearly dependent
0
4a + b + 3) =

-
Sa + 8b -
2 =0 -

> inconsistent=
ba + 3b
-
c = 0

2a + b = 0
Q8
• determine whether the set of vectors in P2 is linearly independent or
linearly dependent.

• S = {−2 − x, 2 + 3x + x2 , 6 + 5x + x2 }
16 5 1)
12 , -1 ,
% (2 ,
,
3 1) , ,

(6 5, 1) 10 0
0
b(213 1)
=
+2 ,

a (2 ,
-1 , 0) + . , ,

linearly independent
=0
2( + 62
+ 2b + 61 =0 2a -

solutions =>
2a
4-
-
a + 3b + 52 =0 2a + => many
=0
a + 22
= 0
b + c = 0
-
a + 2
- C
b =
Q9
• show that the set is linearly dependent by finding a nontrivial linear
combination of vectors in the set whose sum is the zero vector. Then
express one of the vectors in the set as a linear combination of the
other vectors in the set.

• S = {(2, 4), (−1, −2), (0, 6)}

2) (0 6) = 10 %
a (2 , 4) + b)
- 1 ,
+ 2 , .

4) a 1 b =0

b
-

= 0
2a -

62 = 0
4a + 2b + 6 = 0

a =+ b 2
= 1= 0

010 , 6) =
10 0
2( ) 2)
(2 , 4)
,
+
t 1/1+x
+ ,
= =>
Q10
• determine whether S is a basis for R3 . If it is, write u = (8, 3, 8) as a
linear combination of the vectors in S.

• S = {(1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1)}

8) = 5(1 0 5(1 1 0) + 81 1 1)
+ b (1 ,
1 0) + 2 (1 1 1) =
18 3 0 -
, ,

a( 1 , , ,
. ,
,
0
,
0 , . . ,

a+ b + c= 8
a= 5
b = 5
b + 2 = 3
c= S
Q11
• find the dimension of the vector space.

• M3,2 3x2 = 6
Q12
• Find all subsets of the set S = {(1, 3, −2), (−4, 1, 1), (−2, 7, −3), (2, 1, 1)}
that form a basis for R3

1) =
1) =
24

1 =
30

(3) = .
3
Q13
• Find a basis for R3 that includes the vectors (1, 0, 2) and (0, 1, 1)
=> [11 0 2) 10 , 1 1) 10 , 0
. 1)3
Vy 10 , 1)
, ,
= 0 , , ,
,

10 , ,
0 1) = a lli ,
r +b 10 ,
1 .
1)
a = 0 60 -
linearly independent
Q14
-only two

• explain why S is not a basis for R2

• S = {(−1, 2), (1, −2), (2, 4)} . (2 4) 10 03
a) - 1 ,
y + b(1 ,2) +c
,
=
,

(2 , 4)
linearly dependent
a) - 1 ,
y + b(1 ,2) =
- a + b + 2 =

0
2 a -
2b + 4) = 0

- a+ b = 2

2a
- 2b = 4
- 29 + 2b = 4
-
0 :
4 not established
Q15
• explain why S is not a basis for P2 .

• S = {−3 + 6x, 3x2 , 1 − 2x − x2 }

( -
3 ,
6
, 3) (1 ,
2
,)

a) -
3 ,
6 , 3) + b(1 ,
= 2
,
+) =
10 ,
0
, %

3a +b =0

linearly dependent
-

solution >
-

Ja-2b = 0
= many
3a
-
b =0
Q16
• determine whether S is a basis for the given vector space.

• 44. S = {(0, 0, 0), (1, 5, 6), (6, 2, 1)} for R3

a 10 ,
0, %) + bic + c = 5 = linearly dependent
Q17
• find (a) a basis for the row space and (b) the rank of the matrix.

2 −3 1
• 5
8
10 6
−7 5
-)
(a) (2 , -3 1),
,
15 ,
10 , 6)

(b) rank = 2
Q18
• find a basis for the subspace of R3 spanned by S.

• S = {(1, 2, 2), (−1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1)}

00033 911 223 11 1 13
=511 H
() (o) Yo
, 24 ,
,
,
, ,
, ,

=
=
Q19
in
• find the nullspace of the matrix.

3 −6 21
• −2
1
4 −14
−2 7
(2) ( ) = %

217

"() (t) >1) (i)x

3X by +
0
=
-

147 =0 =
+
2x +
4y = +
-
-

17
=

+ 0
X -

2)
Q20
• find (a) a basis for and (b) the dimension of the solution space of the
homogeneous system of linear equations.

• 2x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 − 2x4 = 0 I=) (b) = = ↓ =

• x1 + 2x2 + x3 + 2x4 = 0
• −x1 + x2 + 4x3 − 2x4 = 0
X,

Xz
=

=
- E Xy
(5Xy
xe =
t* = t .

)
x3 =
gX4
(b) =
1
Q21
• given the coordinate matrix of x relative to a (nonstandard) basis B for
Rn , find the coordinate matrix of x relative to the standard basis

• B = {(4, 0, 7, 3), (0, 5, −1, −1), (−3, 4, 2, 1), (0, 1, 5, 0)},

−2 - (4 7 3) + 310 5 -1 , ) 4 (-3 4
0
1) 10 1 + 2
,
+ .
5, %
, , . , . , , ,

3
• 𝑥 B= -14 6) 10 15 3 -3) + 1 12 16 0 4) + 10 1 5%
4 ( 8 +
-

0
-
- .
, , , , ,
= -
, , ,
, .

1 ( =
4 -5)
-
20 ,
32 , -

,
Q22
• find the coordinate matrix of x in Rn relative to the basis B’
• B′ = {(−5, 6), (3, −2)}, x = (−17, 22)
al 5,
-
6) + b(3. 2) =
1 17 22)
-

3b 1)
a (4)
52 + -
- =

-
--2b
= 22
Q23
• find the transition matrix from B to B′.

• B = {(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1)}, B′ = {(1, 3, −1), (2, 7, −4), (2, 9, −7)

(l) Pres =

(i)
 (B) +(3 ! 3) (2)
Q24 B' 1 ! )
=
=
-1 = =

(B'% B =
( - 3)[25) =
(
• (a) find the transition matrix from B to B′,
• (b) find the transition matrix from B′ to B, (PB-d)" ( 19+3) 1) =
-

• (c) verify that the two transition matrices are inverses of each other,
and ( - -)) (oi) =

• (d) find the coordinate matrix [x]B , given the coordinate matrix [x]B′ .
• B = {(2, −2), (6, 3)}, B′ = {(1, 1), (32, 31)}, ( - )() 15) =

2
• 𝑥 B=
−1
Q25
• find the coordinate matrix of X relative to the standard basis for M3,1.

1
• 0 = 1 .

(8) o()
+ + 1
-

4)))
−4