Department of

Robotics And Automation

Course Name: Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

Course Code: 2312303 Type of Course: PCC

CCE : 20 M ISE : 20 M ESE: 60 M Total: 100 M

Total Credits: 3
 Raspberry Pi hardware
Raspberry Pi makes computers in several different series:
The Flagship series, often referred to by the shorthand "Raspberry Pi", offers high-
performance hardware, a full Linux operating system, and a variety of common ports in a
form factor roughly the size of a credit card.

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 GPIO and the 40-pin header
You can find a 40-pin GPIO (general-purpose input/output) header on all current Raspberry
Pi boards. The GPIO headers on all boards have a 0.1in (2.54mm) pin pitch.

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 GPIO

 General Purpose I/O (GPIO) pins can be configured as either general-purpose input,
general-purpose output, or as one of up to six special alternate settings, the functions of
which are pin-dependent.
Outputs
 A GPIO pin designated as an output pin can be set to high (3.3V) or low (0V).
Inputs
 A GPIO pin designated as an input pin can be read as high (3.3V) or low (0V). This is
made easier with the use of internal pull-up or pull-down resistors. Pins GPIO2 and
GPIO3 have fixed pull-up resistors, but for other pins this can be configured in software.
Voltage specifications
 Two 5V pins and two 3.3V pins are present on the board, as well as a number of ground
pins (GND), which can not be reconfigured. The remaining pins are all general-purpose
3.3V pins, meaning outputs are set to 3.3V and inputs are 3.3V-tolerant.
Recommended power supplies
For Raspberry Pi 5, we recommend the 27W USB-C Power Supply.

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Architecture Overview
The Raspberry Pi 5 architecture refers mainly to its hardware design and
processor architecture.
1. Processor (CPU)

 Chipset: Broadcom BCM2712 (custom SoC designed by Broadcom)

 CPU Core: ARM Cortex-A76 (64-bit)

 Number of Cores: Quad-core

 Clock Speed: Up to 2.4 GHz (varies depending on model and cooling)

 Architecture: ARMv8.2-A (64-bit)

2. GPU

 Graphics: VideoCore VII GPU

 Supports OpenGL ES 3.1, Vulkan 1.2, and hardware video decoding (4Kp60)

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Architecture Overview
3. Memory (RAM)

 Options vary (commonly 4GB or 8GB LPDDR4X RAM)

 64-bit addressing

4. Storage

 microSD card slot for boot and storage

 USB 3.0 ports for external storage

5. I/O and Connectivity

 USB 3.0 and USB 2.0 ports

 Dual 4K HDMI output (supporting 4Kp60)

 PCI Express (PCIe) Gen 2 x1 lane (for NVMe SSD or other PCIe peripherals)

 Gigabit Ethernet (wired)

 USB-C power input (supports higher power delivery)

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Architecture Overview

6. Other Features

 GPIO header (40-pin, backward compatible with previous models)

 Support for camera and display interfaces (DSI, CSI)

 Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax) and Bluetooth 5.0 built-in (depending on model)

 The Raspberry Pi 5 uses a 64-bit ARM architecture based on the ARM

Cortex-A76 cores, which is a significant upgrade from previous generations

using Cortex-A53 or Cortex-A72 cores.

 It also brings improvements in GPU capabilities with the VideoCore VII, better

I/O throughput thanks to PCIe and USB 3.0, and enhanced multimedia support.

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 BCM2712

 Broadcom BCM2712 is the 16nm application processor used in Raspberry Pi 5, Compute

Module 5, and Pi 500. It is the successor to the BCM2711 device used in Raspberry Pi 4,
and shares many common architectural features with other devices in the BCM27xx
family, used on earlier Raspberry Pi products.
Headline features include:
 Quad-core Arm Cortex-A76 @ 2.4GHz
 ARMv8-A ISA
 64KByte I and D caches
 512KB L2 per core, 2MB shared L3
 In aggregate, the new features present in BCM2712 deliver a performance uplift of 2-3×
over Raspberry Pi 4 for common CPU or I/O-intensive use cases.

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 RP1

 RP1 is our I/O controller for Raspberry Pi 5, designed by the same team at
Raspberry Pi that delivered the RP2040 microcontroller.
 It provides two USB 3.0 and two USB 2.0 interfaces; a Gigabit Ethernet
controller; two four-lane MIPI transceivers for camera and display; analogue
video output; 3.3V general-purpose I/O (GPIO); and the usual collection of
GPIO-multiplexed low-speed interfaces (UART, SPI, I2C, I2S, and PWM). A
four-lane PCI Express 2.0 interface provides a 16Gb/s link back to BCM2712.

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 DA9091

 BCM2712 and RP1 are supported by the third new component of the chipset,
the Renesas DA9091 “Gilmour” power-management IC (PMIC). This
integrates eight separate switch-mode power supplies to generate the various
voltages required by the board, including a quad-phase core supply, capable of
providing 20 amps of current to power the Cortex-A76 cores and other digital
logic in BCM2712.

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 Fan cases
To ensure the best performance for your Raspberry Pi, use an active cooling solution
such as a fan. Raspberry Pi firmware manages fan speeds for all official fans.
Raspberry Pi Active Cooler
 The Raspberry Pi Active Cooler for Raspberry Pi 5 is a dedicated clip-on cooling
solution for Raspberry Pi 5. It combines an aluminium heat sink with a temperature-
controlled blower fan to keep your Raspberry Pi 5 at a comfortable operating
temperature, even under heavy loads.

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Applications
1. Robot Control Systems

 Use Raspberry Pi 5 as the brain of a robot to process sensor data, run control algorithms, and
send commands to motors and actuators.

 Supports interfacing with various sensors (ultrasonic, IR, gyroscopes) and motor drivers via
GPIO, I2C, SPI, and UART.

 Run real-time control algorithms or use ROS (Robot Operating System) for complex robotics
software.

2. Autonomous Navigation

 Implement path planning and obstacle avoidance using sensors like LIDAR, cameras, and
ultrasonic sensors.

 Use computer vision libraries (OpenCV, TensorFlow) on Raspberry Pi 5’s GPU for
environment mapping and object detection.

 Build autonomous ground vehicles or drones.

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 Raspberry Pi 5 Applications

3. Industrial Automation Prototyping

 Simulate PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) functions using Raspberry Pi 5.

 Control relays, motors, valves, and other industrial actuators.

 Interface with industrial sensors for data acquisition and monitoring.

4. Machine Vision & AI Integration

 Utilize the VideoCore VII GPU and Cortex-A76 CPU to run machine learning models for
defect detection, sorting, and quality control.

 Connect cameras (CSI interface) for real-time image processing in automation lines.

 Deploy AI models for predictive maintenance.

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