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How Android Works

Android is an open-source mobile operating system developed by Google, designed for touch-screen devices and powering billions globally. Its architecture consists of several layers, including the Linux Kernel, Hardware Abstraction Layer, Android Runtime, Native C/C++ Libraries, Java API Framework, and System Apps. Android manages app execution through the Activity Manager and ensures security through updates, permissions, and encryption.

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Hssain Aitkadir
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2 views10 pages

How Android Works

Android is an open-source mobile operating system developed by Google, designed for touch-screen devices and powering billions globally. Its architecture consists of several layers, including the Linux Kernel, Hardware Abstraction Layer, Android Runtime, Native C/C++ Libraries, Java API Framework, and System Apps. Android manages app execution through the Activity Manager and ensures security through updates, permissions, and encryption.

Uploaded by

Hssain Aitkadir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Android

Android is an open-source mobile operating system developed by Google. It is designed for


touch-screen devices such as smartphones and tablets, and it powers billions of devices worldwide.
Android Architecture Overview

The Android system is built on a layered architecture that includes:


1. Linux Kernel
2. Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)
3. Android Runtime (ART)
4. Native C/C++ Libraries
5. Java API Framework
6. System Apps
Linux Kernel

The Linux Kernel acts as the foundation of Android. It manages hardware drivers, power
management, and system security.
Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)

The HAL allows Android to communicate with device hardware without needing to know the details
of how the hardware is implemented.
Android Runtime (ART)

ART is the environment in which Android applications run. It compiles app code into native
instructions for better performance.
Native C/C++ Libraries

These libraries provide functionality for core Android features like graphics rendering, database
access, and web browsing.
Java API Framework

This layer provides the APIs for app developers to create Android applications. It includes
components such as activity managers, content providers, and resource managers.
System Apps

System apps are pre-installed applications that provide core functionalities such as phone calls,
messaging, and settings.
How Android Runs Apps

When a user launches an app, Android uses the Activity Manager to start the app's process. The
app's code is executed in the Android Runtime, and it interacts with the system through the API
framework.
Updates and Security

Android devices receive system updates that include new features, security patches, and bug fixes.
Security is managed through permissions, sandboxing, and encryption.

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