MODULE #01

Values is defined as the established ideals of life, object, customs, ways of acting and the like that a
member of a given society regard as desirable

Otherwise stated values are deep rooted motivators of behaviour. They define what is important to
us and indicate the course of action we may take confronted with choicesSimply put values are the
set of rules adhered to by a person as a matter of principles that serve as guide to one‟s behaviour
towards anyone or anything given a particular situation

Education Defined
Education is defined as the development of knowledge, skills, ability or character by teaching. Thus,
education refers broadly to the total social process that brings a person into life in a culture.

Purpose of Education

The purpose of educationis truth searching with respect to anything in relation to a man‟s quest for
the better life.

Values Education

as a field of discipline therefore deals with the principles of how man ought to act in relation to
anything that comes across his way.

character building.

is the study on how man can properly respond to his environment with the aim of achieving the
desired result of cooperation, unity and self-reliance among members of the society to ensure that
progress and development be attained.

Foundations of Values Education

Truth about man and his environment is the foundation of values education. Man must discover the
truth about him and his relations with his Creator, his purpose in life and his relationship with his
fellowmen and the role of the environment with all the bounties that can be found therein.

Values Formation

Values education being a character building is primarily formative in nature. It is an acquired attitude
that culminates into man‟s behavior.

Values can be grouped into:

1. Personal Values Those which guide a human being for personal growth and survival. They aim
at exalting the human being to a higher plane to strive for honesty, responsibility, humanity,
and respect.

Five of the most common and widely known values include

integrity,

accountability,

diligence,
perseverance

discipline.

“Social value is about understanding the relative importance that people place on changes to their
wellbeing and using the insights we gain from this understanding to make better decisions”

Social values refer to human or moral values or principles that are essentiallydesirable for the
wellbeing of an individual, a group or a society.

Some of theimportant social values are:

1. Truth and Honesty.

2. Generosity.

3. Patriotism.

4. Respect for seniors or Elders.

5. Justice and Kindness.

6. Tolerance.

“Values Clarification." Values Clarification theory

is an educational philosophy based on the concept of humanity that says human beings hold the
possibility of being thoughtful and wise and that the most appropriate value will come when
persons use their relationship with each other and with an ever-changing world (Rath, et al.,
1969:39).

Values Clarification

is a way of becoming human. It is not concerned with the content of people‟s values, but the
process of valuing.

Values clarification

is a way of examining our lives and trying to find out more clearly what we want and what we do
not want, based on the assumption that the development of values is a personal and life-long
process.

Values possess criteria that can be divided into three categories:

CHOOSING, PRIZING, AND ACTING.

C - Choosing

1. to choose freely

2. to choose from alternative

3. to choose from alternatives after considering the consequences of such alternatives

P – Prizing

4. to cherish and be happy with the choice

5. to be willing to affirm the choice publicly

A - Acting

6. to do something about the choice

7. to act repeatedly to affirm the choice publicly

Hierarchy of Values

is an ordered list of values arranged by importance. In most cases, value hierarchies are structured
as pyramids. The higher up the pyramid you go, the more important the values become.

1.Sensory Values

These are values that would satisfy the individuals material/sensory desires such as food, clothing,
and vice. Human nature always prefers pleasant things, although the way to acquire these things
varies. For instance, value for duty, affection, finances, etc.

2.Vital Values

values pertaining to the well- being either individual or the community. Health, vitality values of
vital feeling capability , excellence. SPIRITUAL VALUES - values independent of the whole sphere.

These are values that are important to the acts of human civilization such as social relations and
involvement. In short, these values are connected with the general well-being of an individual. For
example, the value of camaraderie, belongingness, closeness, commitment, cooperation, etc.

3.Spiritual Values

Spiritual Values are human values These are values of truth, righteousness, peace, love, and non-
violence. Spiritual values are ways in which you express your faith in God. For instance, faith in God
is shown by following His words, doing good deeds according to the scriptures, praying, and going to
masses .

4. Holy Values

The Values of the Holy refer to the sacred and hallowed beliefs, some things which are the objects
of worship or veneration. This is the transcendent values.

CHARACTERISTICS of VALUES EDUCATION

 COLLECTIVE IDENTITY Promotes respect and understanding for diversity beyond, for example,
cultural, religious and ethnic differences.

 GLOBAL VISION Deepens knowledge of world problems, and of values such as justice, equality and
dignity.

 CRITICAL THINKING Stimulates creative and systematic analysis to identify different perspectives
and angles to problems.

 SOCIAL SKILLS Encourages empathy, communication skills, teamwork and interaction with
different people.

 COOPERATION Promotes collaboration to find global solutions to problems and defend the
collective good