CSE 3100 : Web Programming
Lab 3 : PHP
Farhan Sadaf Kazi Saeed Alam
Lecturer, Assistant Professor,
Dept of CSE, KUET Dept of CSE, KUET
Email: farhansadaf@cse.kuet.ac.bd Email: saeed.alam@cse.kuet.ac.bd
Scripting Language
• Scripting languages does not require compilation, instead they are
interpreted line by line during runtime.
• They include high-level data types, such as lists, associative arrays
and so on.
28-Jan-24 2
Types of scripting language
• Client-side scripting language
• Can be embedded within HTML, commonly are used to add functionality to a
Web page, such as different menu styles or graphic displays or to serve
dynamic advertisements.
• Affecting the data that the end user sees in a browser window.
• JavaScript
• Server-side scripting language
• Manipulate the data usually in a database, on the server.
• PHP, Python
3
PHP
• PHP is a script language and interpreter that is freely available and
used primarily on Linux Web servers.
• PHP, originally derived from Personal Home Page Tools
• Now stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, which the PHP FAQ
describes as a "recursive acronym."
4
What is PHP?
• PHP stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
• PHP is a server-side scripting language,
• PHP scripts are executed on the server
• PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase,
Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc.)
• PHP is an open source software
• PHP is free to download and use
5
Why PHP?
• PHP runs on different platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, etc.)
• PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS,
etc.)
• PHP is FREE to download from the official PHP resource:
www.php.net
• PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side
6
What is a PHP File?
• PHP files can contain text, HTML tags and scripts
• PHP files are returned to the browser as plain HTML
• PHP files have a file extension of ".php", ".php5", or ".phtm
7
How PHP Works?
• request of .php file is sent to a web server, which directs
the request to the PHP interpreter.
• the PHP interpreter processes the page
• delivers a web page to the web server to return to the
browser
8
Installing Web Server and PHP
• We use a package for installing web server and PHP called XAMPP.
• XAMPP includes:
• Apache (IPv6 enabled) + OpenSSL
• MySQL + PBXT engine
• PHP
• phpMyAdmin
• Perl
• FileZilla FTP Server
• Mercury Mail Transport System
9
Basic PHP Syntax
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "Hello World<br>";
echo date("d-m-y");
// This is a comment
/*
This is
a comment
block
*/
?>
</body>
</html>
10
Variables in PHP
• All variables in PHP start with a $ sign symbol.
$var_name = value;
• Variable naming Rules: *case sensitive
• A variable name must start with a letter or an underscore "_"
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and
underscores (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and _ )
• A variable name should not contain spaces. Words can be separated
with an underscore ($my_string), or with capitalization ($myString)
11
Variables in PHP
• You do not have to tell PHP which data type the variable is.
• PHP has no command for declaring a variable.
• The data type depends on the value of the variable.
• Try assigning a value to a variable and See what var_dump(variable)
returns.
• To create a constant you can use ‘const’ keyword or use define()
function: define(name, value);
12
PHP strings and operators
String example:
<?php
$txt1="Hello World!";
• Concatenate using . (dot) operator
$txt2="What a nice day!";
echo $txt1 . " " . $txt2;
?>
• There are various string functions you can try: strlen(), str_word_count(),
strpos(), strtoupper(), strtolower(), str_replace(), strrev(),
trim(), explode(), substr() and so on
Operators:
• Basic all operators can be used in php as you can use in C or C++
• Almost same expression style
13
PHP If...Else Statement
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$t = date("H");
echo "<p>The hour (of the server) is " . $t;
echo ", and will give the following message:</p>";
if ($t < "10") {
echo "Have a good morning!";
} elseif ($t < "20") {
echo "Have a good day!";
} else {
echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>
</body>
14
PHP Switch Statement
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$favcolor = "red";
switch ($favcolor) {
case "red":
echo "Your favorite color is red!";
break;
case "blue":
echo "Your favorite color is blue!";
break;
case "green":
echo "Your favorite color is green!";
break;
default:
echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, nor green!";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
15
PHP Loops For loop example :
<?php
While Loop : for ($x = 0; $x <= 10; $x++) {
while (condition){ if ($x == 3)
the code goes here… break;
} echo "The number is: $x <br>";
}
?>
While Loop (alternative) :
while (condition)
the code goes here…
For each loop example : loop through the items of an array.
endwhile;
<?php
$colors = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow");
Do while loop: foreach ($colors as $x) {
Do { echo "$x <br>";
the code goes here… }
} while (condition); ?>
16
PHP Functions
• PHP has a lot of built-in functions, and in addition you can create your own
custom functions.
• The declaration starts with the keyword function.
• A function name must start with a letter or an underscore.
• Function names are NOT case-sensitive.
Declaration ->
function functionName(arguments…) {
statements goes here…
}
Calling ->
functionName(arguments…);
• Same like c/c++, you can also pass arguments by Reference [TRY]
17
PHP Variadic Functions
• By using the ... operator in front of the function parameter, the function accepts an
unknown number of arguments.
• This is also called a variadic function.
• A function that do not know how many arguments it will get.
• You can only have one argument with variable length, and it has to be the last
argument.
function myFamily($lastname, ...$firstname) {
txt = "";
$len = count($firstname); $a = myFamily("Doe", "Jane",
for($i = 0; $i < $len; $i++) { "John", "Joey");
$txt = $txt."Hi, $firstname[$i] $lastname.<br>"; echo $a;
}
return $txt;
}
18
PHP Arrays
• Arrays in php can be indexed, associative or multidimensional.
• Indexed -> $cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
• Associative -> $car = array("brand"=>"Ford", "model"=>"Mustang", "year"=>1964);
• To access an array item in associative array you can refer to the key name.
echo $car["model"]
• Other functionalities are same like c/c++
19
PHP OOP - Classes and Objects
class Fruit {
// Properties
• Class definition public $name;
public $color;
<?php
class ClassName { // Methods
function set_name($name) {
//code goes here… $this->name = $name;
}
} function get_name() {
• Class can have attributes and methods. }
return $this->name;
• You can assign access modifiers to the }
$apple = new Fruit();
attributes. $banana = new Fruit();
• $this keyword refers to the current object, $apple->set_name('Apple');
$banana->set_name('Banana');
and is only available inside methods.
echo $apple->get_name();
echo "<br>";
echo $banana->get_name();
20
PHP OOP – Constructor/Destructor
• __construct() function is automatically called when you create an object from a class.
• __destruct() function is automatically called at the end of the script.
function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
function __destruct() {
echo "The fruit is {$this->name} and the color is {$this->color}.";
}
21
PHP OOP – Inheritance
• An inherited class is defined by using the extends keyword.
class Fruit {
public $name;
public $color;
public function __construct($name, $color) {
$this->name = $name;
$this->color = $color;
}
public function intro() {
echo "The fruit is {$this->name} and the color is {$this->color}.";
}
}
// Strawberry is inherited from Fruit
class Strawberry extends Fruit {
public function message() {
echo "Am I a fruit or a berry? ";
}
}
22
PHP OOP – Inheritance
• Inherited methods can be overridden by redefining the methods
• The final keyword can be used to prevent class inheritance or to
prevent method overriding
<?php
final class Fruit {
// some code
}
23
PHP OOP – Abstract Classes
• An abstract class is a class that contains at least one abstract method.
• An abstract method is a method that is declared, but not implemented in
the code.
• Abstract classes/methods are defined with the abstract keyword
abstract class ParentClass {
abstract public function someMethod1();
abstract public function someMethod2($name, $color);
abstract public function someMethod3() : string;
}
24
PHP OOP – Interfaces
• Interfaces allow you to specify what methods a class should implement.
• Interfaces are declared with the interface keyword.
• When one or more classes use the same interface, it is referred to as
"polymorphism".
• A class uses the keyword implements to implement an interface.
interface InterfaceName {
public function someMethod1();
public function someMethod2($name, $color);
public function someMethod3() : string;
}
• Interfaces vs. Abstract Classes???
25
PHP OOP – Traits
• PHP does not support multiple inheritance.
• A child class can inherit only from one single parent.
• Traits can be used to solve it.
• Traits are used to declare methods that can be used in multiple classes.
• Traits can have methods and abstract methods and the methods can have any access
modifier.
• Traits are decalred with the trait keyword.
• To use a trait in a class, use keyword is used.
trait TraitName { class MyClass {
// some code... use TraitName;
} }
26
PHP OOP – Statics
• Static methods can be called directly - without creating an instance of the class first.
• To access a static method use the class name, double colon (::), and the method name.
• Class properties can be static too.
<?php
class greeting {
public static function welcome() {
echo "Hello World!";
}
}
// Call static method
greeting::welcome();
?>
27
PHP OOP – Namespaces
• A namespace is a way to encapsulate items like classes, functions, and constants.
• Better organization and structured code.
• You define a namespace using the namespace keyword. It is typically the first
statement in a PHP file.
• To access classes from outside a namespace, the class needs to have the namespace
attached to it using ‘\’.
• You can also use the namespace keyword at the top
namespace MyNamespace;
class MyClass { $var = new MyNamespace\ MyClass();
// Class definition
} namespace Html;
function myFunction() { $table = new Table();
// Function definition
}
const MY_CONSTANT = 42;
28
PHP OOP – Include/Require
• The include and require statements are used to include and evaluate the content of
another PHP file within the current file.
• The require statement is similar to include but behaves more critically.
• If the specified file is not found, it produces a fatal error and stops the script execution.
<?php <?php
include 'header.php'; require 'config.php';
echo "This is the main content."; // Rest of the code
?> ?>
29
PHP Form Handling
• Task:
• For form handling in php, now open the “Tutorial Lab 03.pdf” file and
start working on it.
30
Reference
• https://www.w3schools.com/
28-Jan-24 31
