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📘 Java Notes (Clean Digital Version)
1. Reading Data using Scanner Class
Scanner is a class in the java.util package.
Import statements:
import java.util.*;
// OR
import java.util.Scanner;
Creating an object:
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
Common Scanner methods:
nextInt() → Reads integer
nextFloat() → Reads float
nextDouble() → Reads double
next() → Reads string (no spaces)
nextLine() → Reads a full line of text
2. Arithmetic Operators
+→ Addition / String concatenation
-→ Subtraction
*→ Multiplication
/→ Division
%→ Remainder (modulus)
📌 Example:
int a = 10, b = 5;
System.out.println(a + b); // 15
System.out.println(a - b); // 5
System.out.println(a * b); // 50
System.out.println(a / b); // 2
System.out.println(a % b); // 0
3. Example Programs
Program: Sum of Two Numbers
import java.util.*;
class FindSum {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter first number: ");
int a = s.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter second number: ");
int b = s.nextInt();
int sum = a + b;
System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);
}
}
Program: Area of Circle
import java.util.*;
class FindArea {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter radius: ");
float radius = s.nextFloat();
float area = 3.14f * radius * radius;
System.out.println("Area of Circle = " + area);
}
}
Program: Print Name Twice
import java.util.*;
class PrintName {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter Name: ");
String name = s.nextLine();
System.out.println(name + " ... " + name);
}
}
Program: (a+b)²
import java.util.*;
class SquareApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a: ");
int a = s.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter b: ");
int b = s.nextInt();
int result = (a*a) + (b*b) + (2*a*b);
System.out.println("(a+b)^2 = " + result);
}
}
4. Escape Characters
\n → Newline
\t → Tab
\" → Double quote
\' → Single quote
\\ → Backslash
Example:
class EscapeDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello\nWorld");
System.out.println("Java\tProgramming");
System.out.println("\"Quotes\"");
System.out.println("\\Backslash\\");
}
}
5. Relational Operators
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
> Greater than
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
<= Less than or equal to
📌 Returns boolean values (true / false).
6. Logical Operators
&& → Logical AND
|| → Logical OR
!→ Logical NOT
Example:
System.out.println(10 > 7 && 8 == 7); // false
System.out.println(10 > 7 || 8 == 7); // true
System.out.println(!(10 == 10)); // false
7. Assignment Operators
= Assignment
+=, -=, *=, /=, %= Shorthand assignment
Example:
int a = 5;
a += 3; // a = 8
a *= 2; // a = 16
8. Increment and Decrement Operators
Pre-increment (++x) → increases value immediately
Post-increment (x++) → increases value after use
Pre-decrement (--x)
Post-decrement (x--)
Example:
int a = 5;
System.out.println(++a); // 6
System.out.println(a++); // 6 → then becomes 7
System.out.println(a); // 7
9. Bitwise Operators
~ Complement
<< Left shift
>> Right shift
& Bitwise AND
| Bitwise OR
^ Bitwise XOR
10. Conditional Operator (Ternary ?:)
int n = 10;
String msg = (n % 2 == 0) ? "even" : "odd";
System.out.println(msg);
11. Control Structures
If Statement
if (condition) {
// code
}
If-Else
if (n > 0)
System.out.println("Positive");
else
System.out.println("Negative");
Nested If
if (test1 > 50) {
if (test2 > 70)
System.out.println("Qualified");
else
System.out.println("Not Qualified");
}
If-Else If
if (n == 0)
System.out.println("Zero");
else if (n > 0)
System.out.println("Positive");
else
System.out.println("Negative");
12. Switch Statement
Syntax:
switch (expression) {
case value1: // code; break;
case value2: // code; break;
default: // code;
}
Example: Integer Switch
int n = 2;
switch (n) {
case 1: System.out.println("Cat"); break;
case 2: System.out.println("Dog"); break;
default: System.out.println("Others");
}
Example: Character Switch
switch ('+') {
case '+': System.out.println("Sum"); break;
case '*': System.out.println("Product"); break;
default : System.out.println("Not available");
}
Example: String Switch
String state = "ap";
switch (state) {
case "ap": System.out.println("Amaravati"); break;
case "tn": System.out.println("Chennai"); break;
case "mh": System.out.println("Mumbai"); break;
default : System.out.println("Not available");
}
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