INTRODUCTION TO

THE PHILOSOPHY
OF THE
HUMAN PERSON
Opening Prayer - 2 mins
Attendance - 5 mins
Discussion - 35 mins
Activity - 15 mins
Closing Prayer - 3 mins
 DOING
PHILOSOPHY
 1 2 3

Realize the value of Do a philosophical

Distinguish a holistic doing philosophy in reflection on a
perspective from a obtaining a broad concrete situation
partial point of view perspective on life from a holistic
perspective
Directions:
In a ½ crosswise paper, draw and label
the top part of the iceberg with things
or words you think philosophy is, and
write beneath the waterline part the
things you don’t understand or are
unsure about philosophy.
 THE
NATURE OF
PHILOSOPHY
Specific Learning Objectives
Define the true meaning and importance of Philosophy

Differentiate knowledge and wisdom

Reflect on the understanding of what philosophy is

Greek words:
philos (love)
sophia (wisdom)
KNOWLEDGE AND WISDOM
Knowledge Wisdom
Directions: Complete the phrases based on your understanding
of what philosophy is.

I used to think philosophy was…

Now I think philosophy is…
A question I still have is…
 Seeing the Bigger Picture

Think of a recent decision you made

(e.g., choosing to join a group project, helping at home

instead of studying, staying silent in a conflict, etc.).
Introduction to the
PHILOSOPHY
of the Human Person
Opening
Prayer
Opening Prayer - 2 mins
Attendance - 5 mins
Discussion - 35 mins
Activity - 15 mins
Closing Prayer - 3 mins
Lesson 2:

Approaches in
Doing Philosophy
Specific Learning Objectives
State different approaches in doing Philosophy

Describe what Socratic method is

Analyze how philosophical approach is present in real

life scenarios
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY: THIS OR THAT?
Directions: Choose a side and briefly justify your
answer
1. What matters more: knowing the truth or living a
happy life?
2. Is it better to accept things as they are or question
everything?
3. Are humans naturally good or is good something we
must reason through?
Analytic Philosophy
Two fundamental tasks:
1. Analysis and definition of our fundamental
concepts.
2. Clear and resolute criticism of our belief.
 Analytic Philosophy
According to Broad, it is important to subject
our beliefs and biases to constant criticisms to be able
to test whether or not they are worth holding on to.
Reductionist Philosophy
It refers to understanding
complex ideas by reducing
them to their parts or
individual constituents.
 Reductionist Philosophy
Rene Descartes argued that machine can only be
understood if an individual would take its pieces apart
and study its individual components before putting it
back together to understand the bigger picture.
Holistic Philosophy
Holism is the idea that
something can be more than
the sum of its parts: more
specifically to the concept of
reality. It gives priority to the
whole over its parts.
Socratic Method
It aims to make a person
dissatisfied with what he knows
and disturbed with questions that
cause them to see the
inconsistencies in their own
beliefs. The goal is to make one
hungry for genuine understanding.
Ask Like Socrates

Think of a real-life situation or dilemma you or

someone you know has faced.
(Examples: Cheating in class, telling a difficult
truth, helping a classmate in need, choosing
between study and rest, etc.)
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:
Directions: In a ¼ sheet of paper, match real-life scenarios or
philosophical questions with the appropriate philosophical approach.

1. A philosopher asks, “What does it mean to be truly free?” And

examines the concept of freedom in different contexts.
2. A community solves poverty by improving education,
healthcare, housing, and job access at the same time.
3. A scientist tries to explain love through hormones like oxytocin
and dopamine.
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY:
Directions: In a ¼ sheet of paper, match real-life scenarios or
philosophical questions with the appropriate philosophical approach.

4. A psychologist believes you can’t understand a person’s

behavior without understanding their culture, family, and
community.
5. A philosopher says that “truth” must be analyzed based on
sentence structure and logic.
You say mental health matters, yet you
push yourself to meet everyone’s.
expectations—even when it’s hurting
you. Have you asked yourself: What
really defines my worth—my grades,
my image, or how I live with purpose?
INTRODUCTION TO THE

PHILOSOPHY
OF THE HUMAN PERSON
Opening
Prayer
Opening Prayer - 2 mins
Attendance - 5 mins
Discussion - 35 mins
Activity - 15 mins
Closing Prayer - 3 mins
QUALITIES OF A
CRITICAL
THINKER
 ACTIVITY
CRITICAL
OR
NOT?
 ACTIVITY
CRITICAL Directions: Identify if the presented
OR behavior or statement shows critical
thinking.
NOT?
 ACTIVITY
CRITICAL Listens before forming
OR a judgement.
NOT?
 ACTIVITY
CRITICAL Changes opinion when
OR evidence is presented.
NOT?
 ACTIVITY
CRITICAL Always agree with your
OR friends.
NOT?
 ACTIVITY
CRITICAL Relies on gut feeling
OR over reason.
NOT?
 ACTIVITY
CRITICAL Seeks different
OR perspectives.
NOT?
 ACTIVITY
CRITICAL Believes something just
OR because it’s trending.
NOT?
 SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Evaluate a
Define the term given
List and
critical thinking scenario or
explain
and identify its argument
importance in qualities of
using the
decision-making a critical
qualities of a
and problem- thinker critical
solving situations. thinker.
WHAT IS CRITICAL THINKING?
Critical thinking is the ability to
question, analyze, interpret,
evaluate and make a judgement
about what you read, hear, say,
or write.

The term critical comes from the

Greek word kritikos meaning
“able to judge or discern”.
 QUALITIES OF A CRITICAL THINKER
Open-minded Passionate
Considerate Self-aware
Opinionated Meticulous
Analytical Insightful
Wise Humble
Curious Doubtful
Independent Thinkers
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Directions: In a ¼ sheet of paper, identify the
quality of a critical thinker associated in the
following situations.
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
You come across a book or movie from a genre
you typically don’t enjoy. Instead of dismissing it
outright, you decide to give it a try. By engaging
with different forms of art and literature, you
might discover new ideas, themes, and styles that
broaden your understanding and appreciation of
creativity.
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
You are in a team meeting where a project is
being discussed. As the conversation progresses,
you notice yourself becoming frustrated with a
colleague's input. Instead of reacting immediately,
you take a moment to recognize your feelings and
thoughts. With this awareness, you choose to
respond calmly and constructively.
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Jane is a software developer with a keen interest in
artificial intelligence (AI). Despite already having a
strong grasp in programming, she feels compelled to
dive deeper into the field of AI. To satisfy her curiosity,
Jane regularly attends workshops and webinars, reads
the latest research papers, and participates in online
forums related to AI.
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
A team working on a project at work. One team member, Alex,
comes up with a great idea that leads to a successful
outcome. When the project wraps up, the team holds a
meeting to discuss the results. Instead of taking all the credit
for the success, Alex acknowledges the contributions of the
entire team and highlights how everyone's efforts were
crucial. Alex also expresses gratitude to colleagues who
supported and provided feedback throughout the process.
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
You consider to take a new job offer. The position seems
promising, but there are some uncertainties. The company is
relatively new, and you’ve heard mixed reviews about its
stability and work culture. On top of that, the salary is slightly
lower than what you were expecting. You find yourself
overanalyzing every aspect of the offer, seeking more
information and weighing all possible outcomes before making
a decision.
Value Check: My Daily Choices
•What was the reason behind your decision?
•Did you think about the consequences before acting? Why
or why not?
•Which two core values (from the 8 Core Values of
Perpetualites) were shown or should have been shown in that
decision?
•If given a chance, would you do anything differently? What
does that say about your growth in character?
INTRODUCTION TO THE
PHILOSOPHY
OF THE HUMAN PERSON
Opening
Prayer Avery Davis
Opening Prayer - 2 mins
Attendance - 5 mins
Discussion - 35 mins Avery Davis
Activity - 15 mins
Closing Prayer - 3 mins
 BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY
 ACTIVITY
WHICH BRANCH AM I?
 ACTIVITY
Directions: Read each question and
choose the answer that best reflects your
thinking. Keep track of your answers to
see which philosophical branch you most
align with.
 ACTIVITY
1. Which situation would interest you most?
A. Debating whether time travel could actually exist.
B. Trying to prove whether a fact is true or false.
C. Thinking about whether lying is ever justified
D. Visiting an art museum and analyzing how emotions
are expressed in art.
E. Solving a brain teaser or a deductive reasoning
puzzle.
 ACTIVITY
2. What kind of discussion do you enjoy the most?
A. One that explores the nature of the universe or
reality.
B. One that challenges what we claim to know.
C. One that weighs moral choices or dilemmas.
D. One that critiques movies, art, or design.
E. One that analyzes arguments and points out
fallacies.
 ACTIVITY
3. If you are a philosopher, your motto would be:
A. “What is, is. But what does it mean to be?”
B. “Seeing is not always believing”
C. “Do what is right, not what is easy”
D. “Beauty lies in the eye of the beholder”
E. “From sound premises, truth must follow”
 ACTIVITY
RESULTS KEY:
Mostly A: METAPHYSICS – You are fascinated by
existence, reality, and nature of being.
Mostly B: EPISTEMOLOGY – You question knowledge,
truth, and the ways we come to know things.
Mostly C: ETHICS – You care about what is right and
wrong, justice, and moral decision making.
 ACTIVITY
RESULTS KEY:
Mostly D: AESTHETICS – You are drawn to beauty, art, and
the philosophy of taste.
Mostly E: LOGIC – You thrive on clear reasoning,
structured arguments, and analytical thinking.
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES

01 Name or list the major branches of Philosophy

02 Describe each branch of Philosophy

03 Evaluate how branches of philosophy is present in a

form of art
AESTHETICS
Greek word: “aisthetikos”
(sensitive, sentient, pertaining
to sense of perception)

The science of art and beauty.

AESTHETICS
as
the science of
art
AESTHETICS
as
the science of
art
AESTHETICS
as
the science of
beauty
AESTHETICS
IMPORTANCE
1. It vitalizes our knowledge.
2. It helps us to live more
deeply.
3. It bring us in touch with
our culture.
LOGIC
Greek word: “logos” (word,
reason, speech, discourse)
The science of correct reasoning.
A system of principles that uses
reason to determine if a
conclusion is true or untrue.
LOGIC
IMPORTANCE
A person who has studied logic is
more likely to reason correctly
than another, who has never
thought about the general
principles involved in reasoning.
METAPHYSICS
Greek word: “meta” (beyond, upon,
after) “physika” (physics)
The science of being. An extension
of a fundamental and necessary
drive in every human being to know
what is real.
METAPHYSICS
For instance, for Thales, a
Greek Philosopher, everything
is water. He claims that
everything we experience is
water which we call “reality”.
METAPHYSICS
Clouds or blocks of ice do not
look like water, but they can be
explained in terms of water.
EPISTEMOLOGY
Greek word: “episteme”
(knowledge)
A science of the theory of
knowledge. It deals with nature,
sources, limitations, and validity
of knowledge.
EPISTEMOLOGY
Human knowledge may be regarded
as having two parts:
1. Induction Method – General ideas
are formed from the examination of
particular parts. Knowledge can be
attained only through sense
experience.
EPISTEMOLOGY
Human knowledge may be regarded
as having two parts:
2. Deduction Method – Finding a
general law according to which
particular facts can be understood
or judged. Real knowledge is based
on logic, laws and methods.
ETHICS
Greek word: “ethikos” (custom,
habit, character)
The science of morality of human act.
Morality means the quality of an
action whether it is right or wrong.
ETHICS
Ethics covers the following dilemmas:
1. How to live a good life?
2. Our rights and responsibilities.
3. The language of right and wrong.
4. Moral decisions - what is
good and bad?
ETHICS
IMPORTANCE
People should reflect on their moral
values and how they can apply them
to their lives. We can use the
practices of ethical behavior in order
to do things like avoid hurting others,
or to do the greatest good.
 RELEVANCE OF BRANCHES

 Improve Critical Thinking and Reasoning

 Understanding Fundamental Concepts
 Interdisciplinary Connections
 Personal Growth and Self-Reflection
 ACTIVITY
BRANCH OF PHILOSOPHY PLAYLIST
 GROUP ACTIVITY
Directions: In a ½ crosswise
paper, analyze which branch of
philosophy is present in a local or
international song.
 ACTIVITY
Answer the following:
 Branch of Philosophy:
 Key Lyrics or Theme:
 Explanation: (5-7 sentences)
Song with a message
 Essential Questions

How does philosophy help us understand

ourselves and the world around us?
Why should we question what we already
know or believe?
MENTAL GYMNASTIC