MODULE 1
Cloud Computing
Introduction to Cloud
Computing
Textbooks
Agenda
• Introduction
• Vision of cloud computing
• Defining cloud
• History of cloud computing
• Characteristics and benefits
• Challenges
• Types of cloud
• Economics of cloud
• Building cloud computing Platforms and Technologies
WHAT IS CLOUD?
It’s a supercomputer!
It’s superman!
None of the above ?
All of the above ?
Cloud = Internet+Lots of storage + compute cycles
Enables data anywhere anytime
Global network of servers each with a unique function
serveres store, sends and receives data
A Sample Cloud Topology
A Sample Cloud Topology
Servers
Cooling
What does a datacenter look like from
inside?
• A virtual walk through a datacenter
Cloud Definition
Definition
A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting
of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers
that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or
more unified computing resources based on service-level
agreements established through negotiation between the
service provider and consumers.
Defining Cloud
About Cloud
• Infrastructures and systems that allow computer to run,
build and deploy.
• why cloud? Companies can scale and adapt, reduce cost,
helps in sustainable growth
• What is cloud? on demand access via internet to servers,
applications, tools hosted at a remote center
• eg: live events, google drive, VM, Data storage, backup,
build, deploy, host
• on premises: server storage, less security, slow data
recovery, high maintainance
• cloud: virtual storage, high data security, faster data
recovery, low maintainance.
What is cloud computing ?
• cloud computing is the delivery of
computing services – servers, storage,
databases, networking, software,
analytics and more – over the Internet
(“the cloud”). Companies offering
these computing services are called
cloud providers and typically charge
for cloud computing services based on
usage, similar to how you’re billed for
gas or electricity at home.”
• Cloud computing is a paradigm of
computing, a new way of thinking
about IT industry but not any specific
technology.
What is cloud computing ?
• Cloud Computing is a general
term used to describe a new class
of network based computing that
takes place over the Internet.
• basically a step on from Utility
Computing
• Collection/group of integrated
and networked hardware,
software and Internet
infrastructure (called a platform).
• Using the Internet for
communication and transport
provides hardware, software and
networking services to clients
What is cloud computing ?
• In addition, the platform provides on demand services, that
are always on, anywhere, anytime and any place.
• Pay for use and as needed, elastic
scale up and down in capacity and functionalities
• The hardware and software services are available to
general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses markets
Four Features New in Today’s Clouds
I. Massive scale.
II. On-demand access: Pay-as-you-go, no upfront commitment.
– And anyone can access it
III. Data-intensive Nature: What was MBs has now become TBs, PBs and
XBs.
– Daily logs, forensics, Web data, etc.
– Humans have data numbness: Wikipedia (large) compressed is only
about 10 GB!
IV. New Cloud Programming Paradigms: MapReduce/Hadoop,
NoSQL/Cassandra/MongoDB and many others.
– High in accessibility and ease of programmability
– Lots of open-source
Cloud Computing Models, Resources, Attributes
Delivery models
Software as a Service (SaaS) Deployment models
Platform as a Service (PaaS) Public cloud
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Private cloud
Community cloud
Hybrid cloud
Cloud computing
Infrastructure
Distributed infrastructure
Defining attributes
Resource virtualization
Massive infrastructure
Autonomous systems
Utility computing. Pay-per-usage
Resources
Accessible via the Internet
Compute & storage servers
Networks Services Elasticity
Applications
Characteristics of cloud computing
Vision of cloud computing
Vision of cloud computing
• Virtual Services
• No upfront
• Cloud services transformed into utilities
A Closer look
• Enterprises
• Governments
• Public Institutes
• Private Institutes
• Research Organization
Examples
• Large enterprise can offload some of their activities to
Cloud based system.
• ex: NYT
Examples
• Small Enterprises and Start-ups can afford to translate into
business results their ideas more quickly without excessive
upfront cost
Examples
• System Developers can concentrate on business logic
rather than dealing with the complexity of infrastructure
management and scalability
• Ex: Little fluffy toys bike rental services
Examples
• End users can have their documents accessible from
everywhere and any device
Characteristics and Benefits
• No Upfront Commitments- no capital cost as values
depreciate
• On demand access
• Nice pricing
• Scalability
• Efficient resource allocation
Properties and Characteristics
Challenges Ahead
• Dynamic Provisioning of Cloud Computing- Scalability of
resources
• Security and Privacy- no owned infrastructure
• Legal issues- diverse geographical location
• Performance and Bandwidth Cost- amount of data
transferred.
• Reliability and Availability- ability to perform functions at
specified time.
Cloud Computing Reference Model
Service Models Overview
• What if you want to have an IT department ?
Similar to build a new house in previous analogy
• You can rent some virtualized infrastructure and build up your own IT
system among those resources, which may be fully controlled.
• Technical speaking, use the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) solution.
Similar to buy an empty house in previous analogy
• You can directly develop your IT system through one cloud platform,
and do not care about any lower level resource management.
• Technical speaking, use the Platform as a Service (PaaS) solution.
Similar to live in a hotel in previous analogy
• You can directly use some existed IT system solutions, which were
provided by some cloud application service provider, without knowing
any detail technique about how these service was achieved.
• Technical speaking, use the Software as a Service (SaaS) solution.
History of cloud computing
Evolution of cloud computing
Evolution of cloud technologies
• Distributed Systems : It is a collection of independent
computers that appears to its users as a single system and also it
acts as a single computer. The main and primary motive of
distributed systems is to share resources and to utilize them
better.
• Mainframes: A large high-speed reliable computer used for
massive I/O operations especially one supporting numerous
workstations or peripherals.
• Clusters: A computer cluster consists of connected computers
that work together so that they can be viewed as a single system.
computer clusters have each node set to perform the same task,
controlled and scheduled by software. Used for parallel and high
performance computing
Evolution of cloud technologies
• Grids: It is the collection of computer resources from multiple
locations to reach a common goal. The grid can be thought of as
a distributed system with non interactive workloads that involve
a large number of files. The components of a cluster are usually
connected to each other through fast local area networks, with
each node (computer used as a server) running its own instance
of an operating system. It access large computational power ,
huge storage facilities and services.
• Virtualization: It refers to the act of creating a virtual (rather
than actual) version of something, including virtual computer
hardware platforms, storage devices, and computer network
resources.
Evolution of cloud technologies
• Web 2.0: the second stage of development of the Internet,
characterized especially by the change from static web
pages to dynamic or user-generated content and the
growth of social media. Rich platform for application
development
Evolution of cloud technologies
Service-Oriented Computing (SOC)
Evolution of cloud technologies
• Utility Oriented Computing: The Computer Utility, is a
service provisioning model in which a service provider
makes computing resources and infrastructure
management available to the customer as needed, and
charges them for specific usage rather than a flat rate.
Cloud computing models
Types of clouds
1. Public Cloud - the infrastructure is made available to the
general public or a large industry group and is owned by the
organization selling cloud services.
2. Private Cloud – the infrastructure is operated solely for an
organization.
3. Hybrid Cloud - composition of two or more Clouds (public,
private, or community) as unique entities but bound by a
standardized technology that enables data and application
portability.
4. Community Cloud - the infrastructure is shared by several
organizations and supports a community that has shared
concerns.
Types of clouds
Deployment Model
• There are four primary cloud deployment models :
Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Community Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
• Each can exhibit the previously discussed characteristics;
their differences lie primarily in the scope and access of
published cloud services, as they are made available to
service consumers.
Public Cloud
• Public cloud definition
The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a
large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud
services.
Also known as external cloud or multi-tenant cloud, this model
essentially represents a cloud environment that is openly accessible.
Basic characteristics :
• Common policies
• Shared resources and multi-tenant
• Leased or rented infrastructure
Ex: Amazon EC2
Public Cloud
Private Cloud
• Private cloud definition
The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It
may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist
on premise or off premise.
Also referred to as internal cloud or on-premise cloud, a private
cloud intentionally limits access to its resources to service
consumers that belong to the same organization that owns the
cloud.
Basic characteristics :
• Customized and tailored policies
• Dedicated resources
• In-house infrastructure
• End-to-end control
• SLA
Private Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid cloud definition
The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds
(private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are
bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that
enables data and application
portability
Hybrid Cloud
Community Cloud
• Community cloud definition
The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and
supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g.,
Healthcare, Scientific Research, Media Industry).
Characteristics of different clouds
Characteristics of different clouds
Characteristics of different clouds
Types of clouds
Public vs. Private
• Comparison :
Public Cloud Private Cloud
Infrastructure Homogeneous Heterogeneous
Policy Model Common defined Customized & Tailored
Resource Model Shared & Multi-tenant Dedicated
Cost Model Operational expenditure Capital expenditure
Economy Model Large economy of scale End-to-end control
Economics of the cloud
• Reducing the capital costs associated to the IT
infrastructure
• Eliminating the depreciation or lifetime costs associated
with IT capital assets
• Replacing software licensing with subscriptions
• Cutting the maintenance and administrative costs of IT
resources
Cloud computing platforms and
technologies
Building Cloud Computing Environment
Application Development
Enterprise Application
Infrastructure and System Development
Computing Platform and Technologies
AWS – Amazon Web Service
• Iaas
• EC2- Elastic compute cloud- servers/machine
• S3- Simple Storage Service- file storage , sharing
• companies using aws: Adobe, airbnb, Kellogg’s
Computing Platform and Technologies
Google App Engine
• Paas- runtime environment
• Execute web applications, secure execution environment,
Collection of services,
• companies using Google App Engine- you tube, snapchat,
NYT
Computing Platform and Technologies
Microsoft Azure
• Paas
• Scalable runtime environment for web applications and
distributed applications
• Web role- host web applications, worker role- workload
processing, VM role- virtual environment.
• Companies using azure- Verizon, e- bay
Computing Platform and Technologies
• Hadoop
• Hadoop is an open source framework that supports the
processing and storage of extremely large data
• Companies using Hadoop- Yahoo, Intel.
• Salesforce
• SAAS
• social enterprise applications
• Support for developing applications: from design of layout
to business workflows.
• Companies using salesforce- Walmart, Spotify, American
express.
References
• Mastering Cloud Computing :
https://dokumen.pub/download/mastering-cloud
computing9781259029950.html
• Cloud Computing Theory and Practice
https://eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/file.php/D416/
CloudComputingTheoryAndPractice.pdf
• https://www.udemy.com/course/cloudintro/
• https://www.coursera.org/learn/cloud-computing-
foundations-duke
