1.
APPLE VS ORANGE
LAB - 1
OVERVIEW
Objective:The goal is to classify images or data points of apples and
oranges using the K-NN algorithm, determining which fruit a given
sample belongs to based on its features.
IMPORTING THE LIBRARIES
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score,
classification_report,confusion_matrix
DATASET LOADING
df = pd.read_csv(r"C:\Users\diyap\OneDrive\Documents\
apples_and_oranges.csv")
df.head()
Weight Size Class
0 69 4.39 orange
1 69 4.21 orange
2 65 4.09 orange
3 72 5.85 apple
4 67 4.70 orange
df.tail()
Weight Size Class
35 69 4.11 orange
36 69 4.76 orange
37 74 5.48 apple
38 70 5.59 apple
39 73 5.03 apple
df.shape
(40, 3)
DATAPOINTS VISUALIZATION
import numpy as np
new_point = np.array([[70, 5.5]])
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
new_point = [[70, 5.5]]
plt.figure(figsize=(9, 6))
for label, color in zip(["orange", "apple"], ["orange", "red"]):
plt.scatter(df[df["Class"] == label]["Weight"], df[df["Class"] ==
label]["Size"],
label=label, color=color, edgecolor="k")
plt.scatter(new_point[0][0], new_point[0][1], color="blue", label="New
Point", edgecolor="k", s=100)
plt.text(new_point[0][0], new_point[0][1] - 0.5, '[[70, 5.5]]',
fontsize=10, ha='center')
plt.title("KNN Classification", fontsize=16)
plt.xlabel("Weight", fontsize=12)
plt.ylabel("Size", fontsize=12)
plt.xlim(min(df["Weight"]) - 1, max(df["Weight"]) + 1)
plt.ylim(min(df["Size"]) - 1, max(df["Size"]) + 1)
plt.legend()
plt.show()
SPLITTING THE DATA INTO TRAINING AND
TESTING
X = df.drop(columns=['Class'])
y = df['Class']
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y,
test_size=0.2, random_state=42)
print(f"Training Dataset: {X_train.shape}")
print(f"Testing Dataset: {X_test.shape}")
Training Dataset: (32, 2)
Testing Dataset: (8, 2)
APPLYING THE KNN MODEL
1] THE K=3 VALUE
Knn = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=3)
Knn.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred_test = Knn.predict(X_test)
accuracy_test = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred_test)
print(f"Accuracy : {accuracy_test:.2f}")
Accuracy : 1.00
print(classification_report(y_test, y_pred_test))
precision recall f1-score support
apple 1.00 1.00 1.00 3
orange 1.00 1.00 1.00 5
accuracy 1.00 8
macro avg 1.00 1.00 1.00 8
weighted avg 1.00 1.00 1.00 8
CONFUSION MATRIX (1)
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
cm = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred_test)
print(cm)
sns.heatmap(cm, annot=True, fmt='d', cmap='mako',
xticklabels=['Predicted 0', 'Predicted 1'],
yticklabels=['Actual 0', 'Actual 1'])
plt.xlabel('Predicted')
plt.ylabel('Actual')
plt.title('Confusion Matrix')
plt.show()
[[3 0]
[0 5]]
2] THE K=5 VALUE
Knn = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=5)
Knn.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred_test2 = Knn.predict(X_test)
accuracy_test2 = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred_test2)
print(f"Accuracy: {accuracy_test2:.2f}")
Accuracy: 1.00
print(classification_report(y_test, y_pred_test2))
precision recall f1-score support
apple 1.00 1.00 1.00 3
orange 1.00 1.00 1.00 5
accuracy 1.00 8
macro avg 1.00 1.00 1.00 8
weighted avg 1.00 1.00 1.00 8
CONFUSION MATRIX (2)
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
cm = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred_test2)
print(cm)
sns.heatmap(cm, annot=True, fmt='d', cmap='magma',
xticklabels=['Predicted 0', 'Predicted 1'],
yticklabels=['Actual 0', 'Actual 1'])
plt.xlabel('Predicted')
plt.ylabel('Actual')
plt.title('Confusion Matrix')
plt.show()
[[3 0]
[0 5]]
3] THE K=7 VALUE
Knn = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=7)
Knn.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred_test3 = Knn.predict(X_test)
accuracy_test3 = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred_test3)
print(f"Accuracy: {accuracy_test3:.2f}")
Accuracy: 1.00
print(classification_report(y_test, y_pred_test3))
precision recall f1-score support
apple 1.00 1.00 1.00 3
orange 1.00 1.00 1.00 5
accuracy 1.00 8
macro avg 1.00 1.00 1.00 8
weighted avg 1.00 1.00 1.00 8
CONFUSION MATRIX (3)
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
cm = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred_test2)
print(cm)
sns.heatmap(cm, annot=True, fmt='d', cmap='crest',
xticklabels=['Predicted 0', 'Predicted 1'],
yticklabels=['Actual 0', 'Actual 1'])
plt.xlabel('Predicted')
plt.ylabel('Actual')
plt.title('Confusion Matrix')
plt.show()
[[3 0]
[0 5]]
Conclusion
1. Imported Necessary Libraries: Essential libraries like NumPy and Scikit-learn were
imported.
2. Loaded the Dataset: The initial dataset of apples and oranges was loaded.
3. Synthetic Data Generation: The dataset size was increased to 50 samples through
synthetic data generation.
4. Data Splitting: The dataset was split into training (80%), validation (10%), and testing
(10%) sets.
5. Implemented K-NN: The K-NN model was built and trained using the training set.
6. Evaluated Model Performance: The model was evaluated on the validation set,
recording accuracy and other metrics.
7. Generated Confusion Matrices: Confusion matrices were created for different K values
to visualize classification results.
*******************************
********************
2. HANDWRITTEN DIGIT CLASSIFICATION
LAB - 2
OVERVIEW
Objective:The goal is to classify handwritten digits from the MNIST
dataset using the K-NN algorithm, specifically modifying the distance
metric to evaluate its impact on classification performance.
IMPORTING THE LIBRARIES
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers, models
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
DATASET LOADING
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) =
tf.keras.datasets.mnist.load_data()
print("Train shape:", x_train.shape, "Test shape:", x_test.shape)
Train shape: (60000, 28, 28) Test shape: (10000, 28, 28)
x_train[0].shape
(28, 28)
x_train[0]
array([[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
3,
18, 18, 18, 126, 136, 175, 26, 166, 255, 247, 127, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 30, 36, 94, 154,
170,
253, 253, 253, 253, 253, 225, 172, 253, 242, 195, 64, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 49, 238, 253, 253, 253,
253,
253, 253, 253, 253, 251, 93, 82, 82, 56, 39, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 18, 219, 253, 253, 253,
253,
253, 198, 182, 247, 241, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 80, 156, 107, 253,
253,
205, 11, 0, 43, 154, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 14, 1, 154,
253,
90, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 139,
253,
190, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11,
190,
253, 70, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
35,
241, 225, 160, 108, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
81, 240, 253, 253, 119, 25, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 45, 186, 253, 253, 150, 27, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0, 16, 93, 252, 253, 187, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 249, 253, 249, 64, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 46, 130, 183, 253, 253, 207, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
39,
148, 229, 253, 253, 253, 250, 182, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 24, 114,
221,
253, 253, 253, 253, 201, 78, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 23, 66, 213, 253,
253,
253, 253, 198, 81, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 18, 171, 219, 253, 253, 253,
253,
195, 80, 9, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 55, 172, 226, 253, 253, 253, 253, 244,
133,
11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 136, 253, 253, 253, 212, 135, 132, 16,
0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0],
[ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0,
0, 0]], dtype=uint8)
plt.matshow(x_train[0])
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x1350f487590>
plt.matshow(x_train[5])
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x1350f55bd50>
plt.matshow(x_train[3])
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x13514a7db10>
plt.matshow(x_train[2])
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x13514aef490>
plt.matshow(x_train[1])
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x13514b5d090>
plt.matshow(x_train[4])
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x13514bba450>
SCALING THA VALUES
y_train[5]
np.uint8(2)
y_train[:15]
array([5, 0, 4, 1, 9, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 3, 5, 3, 6, 1], dtype=uint8)
x_train.shape
(60000, 28, 28)
x_train = x_train / 255
x_test = x_test / 255
x_train[0]
array([[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
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0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
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0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
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0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
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0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0.01176471, 0.07058824, 0.07058824,
0.07058824, 0.49411765, 0.53333333, 0.68627451, 0.10196078,
0.65098039, 1. , 0.96862745, 0.49803922, 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0.11764706, 0.14117647,
0.36862745, 0.60392157, 0.66666667, 0.99215686, 0.99215686,
0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.88235294, 0.6745098 ,
0.99215686, 0.94901961, 0.76470588, 0.25098039, 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0.19215686, 0.93333333, 0.99215686,
0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.99215686,
0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.98431373, 0.36470588, 0.32156863,
0.32156863, 0.21960784, 0.15294118, 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0.07058824, 0.85882353, 0.99215686,
0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.77647059,
0.71372549, 0.96862745, 0.94509804, 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0.31372549, 0.61176471,
0.41960784, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.80392157, 0.04313725,
0. , 0.16862745, 0.60392157, 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.05490196,
0.00392157, 0.60392157, 0.99215686, 0.35294118, 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0.54509804, 0.99215686, 0.74509804, 0.00784314,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0.04313725, 0.74509804, 0.99215686, 0.2745098 ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0.1372549 , 0.94509804, 0.88235294,
0.62745098, 0.42352941, 0.00392157, 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0.31764706, 0.94117647,
0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.46666667, 0.09803922, 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.17647059,
0.72941176, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.58823529, 0.10588235,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0.0627451 , 0.36470588, 0.98823529, 0.99215686, 0.73333333,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0.97647059, 0.99215686, 0.97647059,
0.25098039, 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.18039216,
0.50980392, 0.71764706, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.81176471,
0.00784314, 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0.15294118, 0.58039216, 0.89803922,
0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.98039216, 0.71372549,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0.09411765, 0.44705882, 0.86666667, 0.99215686, 0.99215686,
0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.78823529, 0.30588235, 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0.09019608, 0.25882353,
0.83529412, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.99215686,
0.77647059, 0.31764706, 0.00784314, 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0.07058824, 0.67058824, 0.85882353, 0.99215686,
0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.76470588, 0.31372549,
0.03529412, 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.21568627,
0.6745098 , 0.88627451, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.99215686,
0.99215686, 0.95686275, 0.52156863, 0.04313725, 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.53333333,
0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.99215686, 0.83137255, 0.52941176,
0.51764706, 0.0627451 , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
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0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
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[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
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0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0. ,
0. , 0. , 0. ]])
BUILDING THE NEURAL NETWORK MODEL
import keras
model = keras.Sequential([
keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=(28, 28)),
keras.layers.Dense(80, activation='relu'),
keras.layers.Dense(80, activation='relu'),
keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax'),
])
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
model.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=4)
C:\Users\diyap\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python311\Lib\site-
packages\keras\src\layers\reshaping\flatten.py:37: UserWarning: Do not
pass an `input_shape`/`input_dim` argument to a layer. When using
Sequential models, prefer using an `Input(shape)` object as the first
layer in the model instead.
super().__init__(**kwargs)
Epoch 1/4
1875/1875 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 7s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.8649 - loss:
0.4666
Epoch 2/4
1875/1875 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 10s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.9648 - loss:
0.1201
Epoch 3/4
1875/1875 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 6s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.9750 - loss:
0.0820
Epoch 4/4
1875/1875 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 10s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.9802 - loss:
0.0636
<keras.src.callbacks.history.History at 0x13514ba6610>
EVALUATE THE MODEL
model.evaluate(x_test,y_test)
313/313 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 3ms/step - accuracy: 0.9686 - loss:
0.1069
[0.08965574949979782, 0.9736999869346619]
PREDICTION OF THE RESULT
y_pred = model.predict(x_test)
y_pred = [np.argmax(i) for i in y_pred ]
313/313 ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1s 2ms/step
y_pred[:5]
[np.int64(7), np.int64(2), np.int64(1), np.int64(0), np.int64(4)]
y_test[:5]
array([7, 2, 1, 0, 4], dtype=uint8)
THE CONFUSION MATRIX
conf_mat = tf.math.confusion_matrix(labels = y_test,predictions =
y_pred)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
plt.figure(figsize=(9, 5))
sns.heatmap(conf_mat, annot=True, fmt='d', cmap='mako')
plt.xlabel('Predicted Labels')
plt.ylabel('True Labels')
plt.title('Confusion Matrix Heatmap')
plt.show()
conf_mat
<tf.Tensor: shape=(10, 10), dtype=int32, numpy=
array([[ 963, 1, 0, 0, 3, 0, 3, 4, 3, 3],
[ 0, 1128, 3, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0],
[ 4, 2, 1011, 2, 6, 0, 1, 5, 1, 0],
[ 0, 2, 10, 970, 1, 12, 0, 5, 4, 6],
[ 0, 0, 3, 0, 970, 0, 4, 2, 0, 3],
[ 2, 0, 0, 10, 2, 867, 6, 1, 1, 3],
[ 3, 2, 2, 1, 6, 6, 937, 0, 1, 0],
[ 0, 5, 12, 2, 5, 0, 0, 997, 2, 5],
[ 5, 1, 3, 5, 10, 8, 6, 3, 928, 5],
[ 2, 3, 0, 3, 23, 3, 1, 8, 0, 966]],
dtype=int32)>
