Matplotlib
Unit-2
Installation of Matplotlib
• If you have Python and PIP already installed on a
system, then installation of Matplotlib is very easy.
• Install it using this command:C:\Users\Your Name>pip install
matplotlib
• If this command fails, then use a python distribution
that already has Matplotlib installed, like Anaconda,
Spyder etc.
Matplotlib
Matplotlib is a popular Python library used for data visualization.
It provides a wide range of functionalities to create various types
of plots and charts. Below is an overview of some commonly
used functions in Matplotlib
1)pyplot
The plot() function is used to create line plots, where you can
visualize data as a series of points connected by lines.
plt.title(): The title() function is used to add a title to your plot
.plt.grid(): The grid() function is used to display grid lines on the
plot, making it easier to read the data points.
Draw a line in a diagram from position (0,0) to position
(6,250):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
xpoints = np.array([0, 6])
ypoints = np.array([0, 250])
plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints)
plt.show()
Draw a line in a diagram from position
(1, 3) to position (8, 10)
• import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
xpoints = np.array([1, 8])
ypoints = np.array([3, 10])
plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints)
plt.show()
labels
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.array([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y =
np.array([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.xlabel("Average Pulse")
plt.ylabel("Calorie Burnage")
plt.show()
Title
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.array([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y =
np.array([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.title("Sports Watch Data")
plt.xlabel("Average Pulse")
plt.ylabel("Calorie Burnage")
plt.show()
Title
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x =
np.array([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y =
np.array([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 33
0])
plt.title("Sports Watch Data", loc = 'left')
plt.xlabel("Average Pulse")
plt.ylabel("Calorie Burnage")
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.show()
Grid
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.array([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y =
np.array([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])
plt.title("Sports Watch Data")
plt.xlabel("Average Pulse")
plt.ylabel("Calorie Burnage")
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.grid()
plt.show()
Display only grid lines for the x-axis
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.array([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y =
np.array([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])
plt.title("Sports Watch Data")
plt.xlabel("Average Pulse")
plt.ylabel("Calorie Burnage")
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.grid(axis = 'x')
plt.show()
Display only grid lines for the y-axis:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.array([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y =
np.array([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])
plt.title("Sports Watch Data")
plt.xlabel("Average Pulse")
plt.ylabel("Calorie Burnage")
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.grid(axis = 'y')
plt.show()
Set Line Properties for the Grid
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.array([80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125])
y =
np.array([240, 250, 260, 270, 280, 290, 300, 310, 320, 330])
plt.title("Sports Watch Data")
plt.xlabel("Average Pulse")
plt.ylabel("Calorie Burnage")
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.grid(color = 'green', linestyle = '--', linewidth = 0.5)
plt.show()
The subplot() Function
•The subplot() function takes three arguments that
describes the layout of the figure.
•The layout is organized in rows and columns, which
are represented by the first and second argument.
•The third argument represents the index of the
current plot.
Example: Draw 2 plots
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
#plot 1:
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(x,y)
#plot 2:
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40])
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
Example:
Draw 2 plots on top of each other
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
#plot 1:
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.plot(x,y)
#plot 2:
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40])
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
Bar()
•The bar() function takes arguments that describes the
layout of the bars.
•The categories and their values represented by the
first and second argument as arrays.
Example : Draw 4 bars
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.array(["A", "B", "C", "D"])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.bar(x,y)
plt.show()
Example
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = ["APPLES", "BANANAS"]
y = [400, 350]
plt.bar(x, y)
plt.show()
Horizontal Bars
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.array(["A", "B", "C", "D"])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.barh(x, y)
plt.show()
Bar Color
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.array(["A", "B", "C", "D"])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.bar(x, y, color = "red")
plt.show()
Color Names : 140 supported color names
Color Hex : Draw 4 bars with a beautiful
green color
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.array(["A", "B", "C", "D"])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.bar(x, y, color = "#4CAF50")
plt.show()
Bar Width :The default width value is 0.8
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.array(["A", "B", "C", "D"])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.bar(x, y, width = 0.1)
plt.show()
Bar Height : The default height value is 0.8
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.array(["A", "B", "C", "D"])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.barh(x, y, height = 0.1)
plt.show()
Histogram
• A histogram is a graph showing frequency distributions.
• It is a graph showing the number of observations within
each given interval.
• In Matplotlib, we use the hist() function to create
histograms.
• The hist() function will use an array of numbers to
create a histogram, the array is sent into the function
as an argument.
Example : ask for the height of 250 people, you
might end up with a histogram like this
2 people from 140 to 145cm
5 people from 145 to 150cm
15 people from 151 to 156cm
31 people from 157 to 162cm
46 people from 163 to 168cm
53 people from 168 to 173cm
45 people from 173 to 178cm
28 people from 179 to 184cm
21 people from 185 to 190cm
4 people from 190 to 195cm
Example : histogram
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.random.normal(170, 10, 250)
plt.hist(x)
plt.show()
Matplotlib Subplot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
#plot 1:
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.plot(x,y)
#plot 2:
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40])
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
Example
• import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
#plot 1:
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.plot(x,y)
#plot 2:
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40])
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
Example : six plot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.subplot(2, 3, 1)
plt.plot(x,y)
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40])
plt.subplot(2, 3, 2)
plt.plot(x,y)
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.subplot(2, 3, 3)
plt.plot(x,y)
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40])
plt.subplot(2, 3, 4)
plt.plot(x,y)
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.subplot(2, 3, 5)
plt.plot(x,y)
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])
y = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40])
plt.subplot(2, 3, 6)
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
Pie chart
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])
plt.pie(y)
plt.show()
Labels
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])
mylabels =
["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
plt.pie(y, labels = mylabels)
plt.show()
Start Angle
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])
mylabels =
["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
plt.pie(y, labels = mylabels, startangle = 90)
plt.show()
Explode
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])
mylabels =
["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
myexplode = [0.2, 0, 0, 0]
plt.pie(y, labels = mylabels, explode = myexplode)
plt.show()
Shadow
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])
mylabels =
["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
myexplode = [0.2, 0, 0, 0]
plt.pie(y, labels = mylabels, explode = myexplode,
shadow = True)
plt.show()
colors
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])
mylabels =
["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
mycolors = ["black", "hotpink", "b", "#4CAF50"]
plt.pie(y, labels = mylabels, colors = mycolors)
plt.show()
