Arithmetic Expression Questions

2.1 Simple Expressions

18 ÷ 3. Such phrases are called arithmetic expressions.
Every arithmetic expression has a value which is the number it
evaluates to. For example, the value of the expression 13 + 2 is 15. This
expression can be read as ‘13 plus 2’ or ‘the sum of 13 and 2’.
arithmetic expression and its value. For example:
Example 1: Mallika spends ■25 every day for lunch at school. Write
the expression for the total amount she spends on lunch in a week from Monday to Friday.
The expression for the total amount is 5 × 25.
Different expressions can have the same value. Here are multiple
Choose your favourite number and write as many expressions as you can having that value.
Comparing Expressions
As we compare numbers using ‘=’, ‘<’ and ‘>’ signs, we can also compare expressions. We
compare expressions based on their values and write the ‘equal to’, ‘greater than’ or ‘less than’ sign
accordingly. For example,
EXPRESSIONS2
Arithmetic Expressions
25 because the value of 10 + 2 = 12 is greater than the value of 7 + 1 = 8.
in the blanks to make the expressions equal on both sides of
ange the following expressions in ascending (increasing) order
of their values.
without finding the values. Raja had 1023 marbles and got 125 more today. Now he has 1023 + 125
marbles. Joy had 1022 marbles and got 128 more today. Now he has 1022 + 128 marbles. Who
has more?
26Use ‘>’ or ‘<’ or ‘=’ in each of the following expressions to compare
2.2 Reading and Evaluating Complex Expressions
Sometimes, when an expression is not accompanied by a context, there can be more than one way
of evaluating its value. In such cases, we need some tools and rules to specify how exactly the
expression has to be evaluated.
in two different ways. The appropriate use of a comma specifies how the sentence has to be
understood.Let us see an expression that can be evaluated in more than one way.
Mallesh summarized this by writing the mathematical expression —
Arithmetic Expressions
27Without knowing the context behind this expression, Purna found
the value of this expression to be 140. He added 30 and 5 first, to get 35,
Mallesh found the value of this expression to be 50. He multiplied 5
In this case, Mallesh is right. But why did Purna get it wrong? Just looking at the expression 30 + 5
× 4, it is not clear whether we
brackets and the notion of terms are used in mathematics to resolve confusions in evaluating
expressions.
Brackets in Expressions
In the expression to find the number of marbles — 30 + 5 × 4 — we had to first multiply 5 and 4, and
then add this product to 30. This order of operations is clarified by the use of brackets as follows:
When evaluating an expression having brackets, we need to first find
the values of the expressions inside the brackets before performing other operations. So, in the
above expression, we first find the value of 5 × 4, and then do the addition. Thus, this expression
describes the number of marbles:
dal for ■56. He gave the shopkeeper ■100. Write an expression that can
cost in rupees is 15 + 56. He gave ■100 to the shopkeeper . So, he should get back 100 minus the
total cost. Can we write that expression as—
Evaluating the expression within the brackets first, we get 100 minus
28Terms in Expressions
Suppose we have the expression 30 + 5 × 4 without any brackets. Does
When there are expressions having multiple operations, and the
order of operations is not specified by the brackets, we use the notion of terms to determine the
order .
Terms are the parts of an expression separated by a ‘+’ sign. For
example, in 12+7, the terms are 12 and 7, as marked below.
We will keep marking each term of an expression as above. Note
that this way of marking the terms is not a usual practice. This will be done until you become
familiar with this concept.
Now, what are the terms in 83 – 14? We know that subtracting a
Thus, the terms of the expression 83 – 14 are 83 and –14.
the value of the expression, by taking different examples.
All subtractions in an expression are converted to additions in this
manner to identify the terms.
Here are some more examples of expressions and their terms:
Note that 6 × 5, 4 × 6 are single terms as they do not have any ‘+’ sign.
In the following table, some expressions are given. Complete the table.Try
Arithmetic Expressions
29Expression Expression as the sum of its terms Terms
Now we will see how terms are used to determine the order of
operations to find the value of an expression.
We will start with expressions having only additions (with all the
Does changing the order in which the terms are added give different
values?
Let us consider a simple expression having only two terms.
up and then 4 m down. Write an expression to show how high the final
The drone is 6 – 4 = 2 m above the terrace. Writing it as sum of terms:
Will the sum change if we swap the terms?
It doesn’t in this case.We already know that swapping the terms does not change the sum
when both the terms are positive numbers.
Will this also hold when there are terms having negative numbers as
well? Take some more expressions and check.
Thus, in an expression having two terms, swapping them does not
change the value.
Term 1 Term 2 Term 2 + Term 1 = +
Now consider an expression having three terms: (–7) + 10 + (–11). Let
us add these terms in the following two different orders:
(adding the first two terms and then adding their sum to the third
term)
(adding the last two terms and then adding their sum to the first
term)
Will this also hold when there are terms having negative numbers as
well? Take some more expressions and check.
integers that we saw in the Class 6 textbook of mathematics? Thus, grouping the terms of an
expression in either of the following
ways gives the same value.
Term 1 Term 2 Term 1 Term 3 Term 2 + Term 3 + + = +
Let us consider the expression (–7) + 10 + (–11) again. What happens
We see that adding the terms of the expression (–7) + 10 + (–11) in
Arithmetic Expressions
31Does adding the terms of an expression in any order give the same
value? Take some more expressions and check. Consider expressions with more than 3 terms
also.
Thus, the addition of terms in any order gives the same value.
Therefore, in an expression having only additions, it does not matter in what order the terms are
added: they all give the same value.
Now let us consider expressions having multiplication and division
also, without the order of operations specified by the brackets. The values of such expressions are
found by first evaluating the terms. Once all the terms are evaluated, they are added.
For example, the expression 30 + 5 × 4 is evaluated as follows:
The expression 5 × (3 + 2) + 78 + 3 is evaluated as follows:
Where (3+2) is first evaluated and this sum is multiplied by 5 (= 25).
The expression 7 × 8 is evaluated (= 56). This simplifies to 25 + 56 + 3 =
of addition instead of saying “swapping terms does not
More Expressions and Their Terms
four dosas. Each dosa cost ■23, and they wish to thank the waiter by tipping ■5. Write an
expression describing the total cost.
Thus, 4 × 23 + 5 is a correct way of writing the expression.
If the total number of friends goes up to 7 and the tip remains the same, how much will they have to
pay? Write an expression for this situation and identify its terms.
The expression written as a sum of terms is—
Arithmetic Expressions
33For each of the cases below, write the expression and identify its terms:
If the teacher had called out ‘4’, Ruby would write ____________
If the teacher had called out ‘7’, Ruby would write ____________Write expressions like the above
for your class size.
Write an expression for the number of 2 kg packets of rice he has now and identify the terms.
which we also write as
2. The terms are—
Identify the terms in the two expressions above.Can you think of some more ways of giving ■432 to
someone?Example 11: Here are two pictures. Which of these two arrangements
matches with the expression 5 × 2 + 3?
34Let us write this expression as a sum of terms.
This expression 5 × 2 + 3 can be understood as 3 more than 5 × 2,
What is the expression for the arrangement in the right making use of
Find the values of the following expressions b
y writing the terms
Write a story/situation for each of the following expressions and
find their values.
or each of the following situations, write the expression describing
the situation, identify its terms and find the value of the expression.
to start a business and doubled her coins. Princess Anna bought jewellery and has only half of the
coins left. Write an expression describing how many gold coins Princess Elsa and Princess Anna
together have.
Arithmetic Expressions
y writing an expression
Let us find the value of this expression,
We first evaluate the expression inside the
sign, the signs of the terms inside the brackets change. Observe 3 cm
Example 13: Consider the expression 500 – (250 – 100). Is it possible to
write this expression without the brackets?
To evaluate this expression, we need to subtract 250 – 100 = 150
subtracted 100 more than what we needed to. So, we should add back that 100 to 500 – 250 to
make the expression take the same value as 500 – (250 – 100). This sequence of operations is 500
– 250+100. Thus,
are removed, the signs of the terms inside the brackets change. In this case, the signs of 250 and –
100 change to – 250 and 100.
bag. Write an expression for the number of coins left with Hira.
We know that this is the same as 28 + (35 + (–10)). Since the terms
can be added in any order , this expression can simply be written as
When the brackets are NOT preceded by a negative sign, the terms
Notice the sign of the terms 35 and – 10 in the above expression.
Rather than simply remembering rules for when to change the sign and when not to, you can figure
it out for yourself by thinking about the meanings of the expressions.
Tinker the Terms I
What happens to the value of an expression if we increase or decrease the value of one of its
terms?
Some expressions are given in following three columns. In each
column, one or more terms are changed from the first expression. Go through the example (in the
first column) and fill the blanks, doing as little computation as possible.
Arithmetic Expressions
53, so the value will
53, so the value will
such that the expressions on both sides are equal.
the brackets and write the expression having the same
value.
the values of the following expressions. For each pair , first
try to guess whether they have the same value. When are the two
expressions equal?
In each of the sets of expressions below
have the same value. Do not evaluate them, but rather use your understanding of terms.
dd brackets at appropriate places in the expressions such that
they lead to the values indicated.
only reasoning of how terms change their values, fill the
blanks to make the expressions on either side of the equality (=)
brackets, as necessary, generate expressions to give as many different values as possible. For
example, 2 – 3 + 5 = 4 and 3 – (5 – 2) = 0.
Consider the two expressions: a) 73 – 14 + 1, b) 73 – 14 – 1. F
of these expressions, identify the expressions from the following collection that are equal to it.
a vegetable cutlet and a rasgulla. A vegetable cutlet costs ■43 and a rasgulla costs ■24. Write an
expression for the amount they will have to pay.
the expression: 2 × 43 + 24? Math
Arithmetic Expressions
39Writing it as sum of terms gives:
This expression means 24 more than
2 × 43. But, we want an expression
We can make use of brackets to write
such an expression:
If another friend, Sangmu, joins them and orders the same items, what will be the expression for the
total amount to be paid?
Computing these expressions, we get
Similarly, let us consider the expression 14 × 10 – 6 × 10. This means
Tinker the Terms II
Arithmetic Expressions
We can write it as (100 – 3) × 25We know that this is the same as the difference of 100 times 25
and
Find this value.
expressions on both sides are equal.
the boxes below, fill ‘<’, ‘>’ or ‘=’ after analysing the expressions
on the LHS and RHS. Use reasoning and understanding of terms and
brackets to figure this out and not by evaluating the expressions.
at least two different ways. Describe how you solved it through expressions.
the situations given below. Write appropriate expressions for
each of them and find their values.
Arithmetic Expressions
Saturdays. How many stories would he complete reading in 8 weeks? Which of the expressions
below describes this scenario?
ys of evaluating the following expressions:
Compare
the following pairs of expressions using ‘<’, ‘>’ or ‘=’ or by
445. Identify which of the following expressions are equal to the given
expression without computation. You may rewrite the expressions
using terms or removing brackets. There can be more than one expression which is equal to the
given expression.
a number and create ten different expressions having
that value.
• W e have been reading and evaluating simple expressions for quite
simple expressions and their values.
e learnt how to compare certain expressions through reasoning
o help read and evaluate complex expressions without confusion,
we use terms and brackets.
When an expression is written as a sum of terms, changing the order
of the terms or grouping the terms does not change the value of the expression. This is because the
“commutative property of addition” and the “associative property of addition”, respectively.
o evaluate expressions within brackets, we saw that when we
remove brackets preceded by a negative sign, the terms within the bracket change their sign.
number with an expression inside brackets is equal to the multiplying the number with each term in
the bracket.
Arithmetic Expressions
Expression Engineer!
multiplication, and division) and brackets as needed we can create several expressions. For
example, (3 + 3)/3 = 2, 3 + 3 – 3 = 3, 3 × 3 + 3 = 12, and so on.
Using four 4’s, create expressions to get all values from 1 to 20.Using the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
exactly once in any order get
as many values as possible between – 10 and +10.
expression with a value 100.