ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE AND

SERIES (M10AL-IB-1)
QUARTER 1, WEEK 2
OBJECTIVES
•FIND THE NTH TERM OF ARITHMETIC
SEQUENCE;
•INSERT ARITHMETIC MEAN/S IN ARITHMETIC
SEQUENCE;
•FIND THE SUM OF ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE.
Arithmetic Sequence
a sequence in which term after the first is obtained by
adding a fixed number to the preceding term. The fixed
number or constant is called the common difference denoted
by d where d≠ 0.
Note: To find the common difference, subtract the term to the term
follows it
Examples:
1) 2, 5, 8, 11, … the common difference is 3
2) 25, 20, 15, 10, … the common difference is -5
3) -3, -10, -17, -24, … the common difference is -7
4) a, 3a, 5a, 7a, … the common difference is 2a
DIRECTION: Tell whether the given terms of the sequence
formed an arithmetic sequence. Why or why not?
1. 20, 11, 2,-7, … 6. 4𝑎, 2𝑎, 0, −2𝑎 …
2. -7, -10, -13, -16,…
7. 2, 5, 8, 11, …
3. 12, -8, 4,0,…
1 1 1 1 8. 2, 5 2, 9 2, …
4. , , , , …
2 5 8 11 9. 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , 𝑎4 , 𝑎5 , …
5 7 9 11
5. , , , ,… 10. 𝑚 − 2𝑛, 2𝑚 − 𝑛, 3𝑚, 4𝑚 + 𝑛 …
3 3 3 3
Find the common difference and write the next 3 terms
of each arithmetic sequence..

-10 -6 -16 -26

4 18 22 26
11 26 37 48
-6 3 -3 -9
2 -2 0 2
Nth Rule of Arithmetic sequence
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
Where,
𝑎𝑛 is the term of arithmetic sequence.
𝑎1 is the first term of arithmetic sequence.
𝑑 is the common difference.
𝑛 is the number/position of the term.
1. Find the 25th term of the arithmetic sequence
3, 7, 11, 15, …
Solution: Use the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
GIVEN: 𝑎1 = 3, 𝑑 = 4, 𝑛 = 25
𝑎25 = 3 + 4(25 − 1)
𝑎25 = 3 + 4(24)
𝑎25 = 3 + 96
𝑎25 = 99
2. Find the 23rd term of the arithmetic sequence
20, 15, 10, 5, …
Solution: Use the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
GIVEN: 𝑎1 = 20, 𝑑 = −5, 𝑛 = 23
𝑎23 = 20 + (−5)(23 − 1)
𝑎23 = 20 + (−5)(22)
𝑎23 = 20 + (−110)
𝑎23 = −90
3. Find the 13th term of the arithmetic sequence with
𝑎1 = 21 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 = −3
Solution: Use the formula 𝑎𝑛
= 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
𝑎13 = 21 + (−3)(13 − 1)
𝑎13 = 21 + (−3)(12)
𝑎13 = 21 + (−36)
𝑎13 = −15
4. Find the 33rd term of the arithmetic sequence with
𝑎1 = −10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 = 4
Solution: Use the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
𝑎33 = −10 + 4(33 − 1)
𝑎33 = −10 + 4(32)
𝑎33 = −10 + 128
𝑎33 = 118
5. Find the 16th term of the arithmetic sequence with
𝑎1 = 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎2 = 5
Solution: Use the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
Note: the common difference is
5 − 8 = −3 𝑎16 = 8 + (−3)(16 − 1)
𝑎16 = 8 + (−3)(15)
𝑎16 = 8 + (−45)
𝑎16 = −37
6. Find the 21st term of the arithmetic sequence with
𝑎6 = −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎7 = 3
Solution: Use the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
Note: There are 16 terms from 𝑎
th st
6 term to 21 term. Also, the
21 = −2 + 5(16 − 1)
common difference is, 𝑎21 = −2 + 5(15)
3 − (−2) = 5
𝑎21 = −2 + 75
𝑎21 = 73
1. What is the 36th term of the sequence, −23, −17, −11, −5, …

2. Find the 17th term of the arithmetic sequence with

𝑎1 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎2 = 3
3. The 4th and 5th term of the arithmetic sequence are 4 and -1
respectively, find the 32nd term.
ARITHMETIC
MEANS
Arithmetic mean are term/s between two non-consecutive
terms of arithmetic sequence.

Example: the arithmetic mean from the arithmetic

sequence 1, 7, 13 is 7.

1 + 13
=7
2
1. What is the arithmetic mean between
5 and 31

18
2. What is the arithmetic mean between
-15 and -31

-23
3. What is the arithmetic mean between
17 and -31

-7
4. Insert 2 arithmetic means between 5 and 26
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
26 = 5 + 𝑑(4 − 1)
26 = 5 + 𝑑(3)
26 − 5 = 3𝑑
21 = 3𝑑
𝑑=7 12 ____,
5, ___, 19 26
5. Insert 3 arithmetic means between 10 and -26

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
−26 = 10 + 𝑑(5 − 1)
−26 = 10 + 𝑑(4)
−26 − 10 = 4𝑑
−36 = 4𝑑
𝑑 = −9 1 ____,
10, ____, -17 , −26
-8 ____
 SEATWORK:
Direction: Insert the indicated number of terms between two
given terms to form an arithmetic sequence.

1. 2 and 32 (1 term)
2. 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 23 2 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
3. 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 20 3 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
4. −4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8 ( 3 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠)
5. 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 ( 1 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚)
 SOLVES PROBLEMS
INVOLVING
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE
1. How many terms are in the arithmetic sequence with a
common difference of 3 and with first and last terms
5 and 47 respectively.
Solution: Use the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
47 = 5 + 3(𝑛 − 1)
47 = 5 + 3𝑛 − 3
47 = 2 + 3𝑛
47 − 2 = 3𝑛
45 = 3𝑛
𝑛 = 15
2. Which term of the arithmetic sequence is 58, given that
𝑎1 = −2 and 𝑑 = 5?
Solution: Use the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
58 = −2 + 5(𝑛 − 1)
58 = −2 + 5𝑛 − 5
58 = −7 + 5𝑛
58 + 7 = 5𝑛
65 = 5𝑛
𝑛 = 13
3. The 1st and 13th term of an arithmetic sequence are
3 and 27 respectively. What is the common difference?
Solution: Use the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
27 = 3 + 𝑑(13 − 1)
27 = 3 + 𝑑(12)
27 − 3 = 12𝑑
24 = 12𝑑
𝑑=2
4. Find the common difference of the arithmetic sequence
whose 𝑎4 = 45 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎11 = 10?
Solution: Use the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
10 = 45 + 𝑑(8 − 1)
10 = 45 + 𝑑(7)
10 − 45 = 7𝑑
−35 = 7𝑑
𝑑 = −5
5. An arithmetic sequence with a common difference of 4
has 78 as its 21st term. What is the first term?
Solution: Use the formula 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
78 = 𝑎1 + 4(21 − 1)
78 = 𝑎1 + 80
78 − 80 = 𝑎1
𝑎1 = −2
YOUR TURN!
Read, understand and answer the following questions.
1. How many terms are in an arithmetic sequence whose
first term is -3, common difference is 2 and the last term
is 23?
2. Find the common difference of the arithmetic sequence,
given 𝑎1 = −1 and 𝑎10 = 35.
3. The 15th and 16th term of an arithmetic sequence is 45
and 38. What is the first term?
4. The first and third term of an arithmetic sequence is 1
and 13 respectively. What is the second term?
SOLVE THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS:
1. The Arithmetic mean between two terms in an arithmetic
sequence is 39. If one of these terms is 32, find the other term.
2. If five arithmetic means are inserted between -9 and 9, what is
the third mean?
3. What are the first and last terms of an arithmetic sequence
when its arithmetic means are 35, 15, and -5?
4. Find the value of 𝑥 if the arithmetic mean of 3 and 3𝑥 + 5 is 8
5. Find the value of 𝑎 when the arithmetic mean of 𝑎 + 7
and 𝑎 + 3 is 3𝑎 + 9.
1. The Arithmetic mean between two terms in an arithmetic sequence
is 39. If one of these terms is 32, find the other term.
Solution: Assumed 32 to be the last term:
46
𝑎1 , 39, 32
2. If five arithmetic means are inserted between -9 and 9, what is
the third mean?
Solution: find the common difference
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
9 = −9 + 𝑑(7 − 1) −6 ____,
−9, ____, 0 _____,
−3 _____, 3 _____,
6 9
9 + 9 = 6𝑑
18 = 6𝑑
𝑑=3
ARITHMETIC SERIES
(M10AL-IB-2)
QUARTER 1, WEEK 2
OBJECTIVE
•FIND THE SUM OF THE FINITE TERMS OF AN
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE.
WHAT IS THE SUM OF ALL INTEGERS FROM 1 TO 5?

• 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15
WHAT IS THE SUM OF ALL INTEGERS FROM 1 TO 10?

• 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 = 55
What is the sum of the integers from 1
to 100?
1+100 = 101
2 + 99 = 101
3 + 98 = 101 50 × 101 = 5050
.
. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss
(1777 – 1855) was a German

. mathematician and physicist

who made significant

50 +51=101 contributions to many fields

in mathematics and science
Arithmetic Series
sum of the terms of arithmetic sequence
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 where,
2
n is the number/position of the term
𝑎1 is the first term
𝑎𝑛 is the given last term
 𝑛
Another formula could be derived using the first formula, 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛
2
NOTE that 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑 𝑛 − 1 in arithmetic sequence, by substitution;

𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
2
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
2
Where, n is the number/position of the term
𝑎1 is the first term
𝑎𝑛 is the given last term
EXAMPLE 1: Sum of the first ten terms of arithmetic sequence
with 𝑎1 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎10 = 39.
PROBLEM: 𝑆10 =? GIVEN: 𝑎1 = 3, 𝑎10 = 39 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 = 10
𝑛
𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁: 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛
2
10
𝑆10 = 3 + 39
2

𝑆10 = 5 42

𝑆10 = 210
EXAMPLE 2: 1 + 5 + 9 + 13 + ⋯ what is the sum of the first
12 terms of the sequence?
PROBLEM: 𝑆12 =? GIVEN: 𝑎1 = 1, 𝑛 = 12 and 𝑑 = 5 − 1 = 4
𝑛
Solution: 𝑆𝑛 = 2𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
2
12
𝑆12 = 2(1) + 4(12 − 1)
2
𝑆12 = 6 2 + 4(11)
𝑆12 = 6 46
𝑆12 = 276
EXAMPLE 3: Find 𝑆15 of the arithmetic sequence with 𝑎1 = 51
and with a common difference of −7.

PROBLEM: 𝑆15 =? GIVEN: 𝑎1 = 51, 𝑛 = 15 and 𝑑 = −7

𝑛
Solution: 𝑆𝑛 = 2𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
2
15
𝑆15 = 2 51 + (−7)(15 − 1)
2
15
𝑆15 = 102 + (−7)(14)
2
15
𝑆15 = 4
2
𝑆15 = 30
EXAMPLE 4: Find the sum of the first 16 terms of the
arithmetic sequence −36, −24, −12, 0, …
PROBLEM: 𝑆16 =?
GIVEN: 𝑎1 = −36, 𝑛 = 16 and 𝑑 = −24 − (−36) = 12
𝑛
Solution: 𝑆𝑛 = 2𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
2
16
𝑆16 = 2(−36) + 12(16 − 1)
2
𝑆16 = 8 −72 + 12(15)
𝑆16 = 8 108
𝑆16 = 864
CLINCHER:
EXAMPLE 5: Find the sum of the integers between 1 to 70 that
are divisible by 3. 3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + ⋯ + 69 =?
PROBLEM: 𝑆𝑛 =? GIVEN: 𝑎1 = 3, 𝑎𝑛 = 69, 𝑑 = 6 − 3 = 3
𝑛 =?
𝑛
𝑆𝑜𝑙. 1: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1) 𝑆𝑜𝑙. 2 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛
2
69 = 3 + 3(𝑛 − 1) 23
𝑆23 = 3 + 69
2
69 = 3 + 3𝑛 − 3
23
69 = 3𝑛 𝑆23 = 72
2

𝑛 = 23 𝑆23 =828
CLINCHER:
EXAMPLE 6: Find the sum of all odd integers between 1 to 50.
3 + 5 + 7 + ⋯ + 49 =?
PROBLEM: 𝑆𝑛 =? GIVEN: 𝑎1 = 3, 𝑎𝑛 = 49, 𝑑 = 5 − 3 = 2
𝑛 =?
𝑛
𝑆𝑜𝑙. 1: 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑑(𝑛 − 1) 𝑆𝑜𝑙. 2 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛
2
49 = 3 + 2(𝑛 − 1) 24
𝑆24 = 3 + 49
2
49 = 3 + 2𝑛 − 2
𝑆24 = 12 52
48 = 2𝑛
𝑛 = 24 𝑆24 = 624
Practice exercise!
Find the sum of each of the following.
1. The first and tenth term of an arithmetic sequence
are 2 and 47 respectively, find the sum of the terms.
2. First 20 terms of the arithmetic seq. 4, 9, 14, …
3. Integers from 1 to 50.
4. Even integers between 1 and 101.
5. Numbers between 1 and 81 that are divisible by 4.