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OOP Notes Complete

The document provides comprehensive notes on Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts, emphasizing the importance of note-taking and review strategies. It covers key topics such as the definition of object-oriented languages, memory management, class versus structure, polymorphism, object slicing, copy constructors, resource ownership, and move semantics. The notes highlight practical examples and distinctions critical for understanding OOP principles.

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Anshuman Dave
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13 views2 pages

OOP Notes Complete

The document provides comprehensive notes on Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts, emphasizing the importance of note-taking and review strategies. It covers key topics such as the definition of object-oriented languages, memory management, class versus structure, polymorphism, object slicing, copy constructors, resource ownership, and move semantics. The notes highlight practical examples and distinctions critical for understanding OOP principles.

Uploaded by

Anshuman Dave
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complete Notes: Object-Oriented Programming Concepts

1. Note-Taking During OOP Study

It's recommended to take brief keyword notes while studying and then elaborate after completing topics.

- During reading/watching: jot down key terms only.

- After finishing topic: write in-depth explanations with examples.

- Regular review: consolidate into summary pages with insights or bugs learned.

2. Object-Oriented Language Meaning

A language is called object-oriented if it supports:

- Classes and Objects

- Encapsulation

- Inheritance

- Polymorphism

Examples: C++, Java, Python. C is not OOP as it lacks class-based abstraction.

3. Static vs Dynamic Object Creation

- Static: Created on the stack. Lifetime is scope-bound. Example: MyClass obj;

- Dynamic: Created on the heap using new/malloc. Lifetime controlled manually. Example: MyClass* obj =

new MyClass();

4. Stack vs Heap Memory

- Stack: Fast, automatic cleanup, used for static/local variables.

- Heap: Slower, manual memory management, used for dynamic allocation.

- new/delete (C++) and malloc/free (C) allocate on heap.

5. Class vs Structure

- Struct defaults to public members; class defaults to private.

- Both can have functions, inheritance, and private members.

- Historically, structs were used for passive data-only types in C.


Complete Notes: Object-Oriented Programming Concepts

6. Virtual Functions and Polymorphism

- Virtual functions enable runtime polymorphism.

- Requires base class pointer to call overridden function in derived class.

- Implemented using vtables (virtual table).

- Without 'virtual', static (compile-time) binding happens.

Dynamic dispatch: decision made at runtime based on actual object type.

7. Object Slicing

Occurs when a derived class object is assigned to a base class object (not pointer).

Only base part is copied; derived part is sliced off. Example:

Base b = Derived(); // slicing happens, only base portion exists in 'b'

8. Copy Constructor: Default vs User-Defined

- Default copy constructor: member-wise (shallow) copy.

- User-defined copy constructor is needed when class manages dynamic memory or resources.

Otherwise, multiple objects may point to same memory -> double deletion.

9. Ownership of Resources

- Ownership = who is responsible for creating, using, and freeing a resource.

- Default copy copies pointers -> shared ownership -> risk.

- Deep copy: each object has its own resource.

- STL containers like vector handle this safely by deep copying internally.

10. Move Semantics

- Move constructor allows transferring ownership of resource instead of copying.

- Introduced in C++11 for performance and safety.

- Syntax: MyClass(MyClass&& other) { ptr = other.ptr; other.ptr = nullptr; }

- std::move enables use of move constructor by converting lvalue to rvalue.

- No allocation or copy; just pointer reassignment.

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