1. a) What is web programming?
List the
names of five most popular web
programming languages.
Answer:
Web programming refers to the process of
creating dynamic websites and web
applications using programming languages
and technologies. It involves writing code
that runs on web browsers and servers.
Five popular web programming languages:
JavaScript
Python
PHP
Java
C#
1. b) Discuss www and Internet.
Answer:
WWW (World Wide Web): The World Wide
Web is a system of interlinked hypertext
documents and resources, accessed through
the internet using web browsers. It allows
users to view web pages, images, videos, and
other media via hyperlinks.
Internet: The Internet is a global network of
interconnected computers that enables
communication, data exchange, and resource
sharing. It includes services like email, file transfer,
and the World Wide Web.
1. c) Discuss the following protocols:
i) HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol):
HTTP is a protocol used for transmitting web pages
from web servers to browsers. It defines how
messages are formatted and transmitted over the
web.
ii) DNS (Domain Name System):
DNS is a protocol that translates human-readable
domain names (e.g., www.google.com) into IP
addresses (e.g., 216.58.217.46), enabling computers to
locate and communicate with each other on the
internet.
iii) URL (Uniform Resource Locator):
A URL is the address used to access resources on the
web. It consists of multiple components, including the
protocol (HTTP/HTTPS), domain name, and path (e.g.,
https://www.example.com/page).
2. a) What is OSI? Discuss.
Answer:
The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a
conceptual framework that describes how different
networking protocols interact in a layered manner. It
has seven layers:
Physical Layer – Handles hardware connections and
transmission of raw data.
Data Link Layer – Ensures error-free data transfer
between devices.
Network Layer – Manages data routing using IP
addresses.
Transport Layer – Ensures reliable data delivery (e.g.,
TCP, UDP).
Session Layer – Maintains and controls
communication sessions.
Presentation Layer – Translates data formats for
interoperability.
Application Layer – Interfaces with applications (e.g.,
HTTP, FTP, SMTP).
2. b) What is HTML? Write advantages and
disadvantages of HTML.
Answer:
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard
language for creating web pages. It structures content
using elements like headings, paragraphs, links, and
forms.
Advantages of HTML:
Simple and easy to learn.
Supported by all browsers.
Allows multimedia integration (images, videos, etc.).
Lightweight and fast to load.
Open standard with no cost.
Disadvantages of HTML:
Limited functionality (relies on CSS & JavaScript for
styling and interactivity).
Static pages (no dynamic behavior without scripting).
Requires extensive coding for large websites.
Not ideal for complex applications.
2. c) Write HTML code to design the given form.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Form Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<label>Button:</label>
<button type="button">Button</button><br><br>
<label>Checkbox:</label>
<input type="checkbox"><br><br>
<label>File Upload:</label>
<input type="file"><br><br>
<label>Hidden:</label>
<input type="hidden" value="hiddenValue"><br><br>
<label>Password:</label>
<input type="password"><br><br>
<label>Radio:</label>
<input type="radio" name="radio"><br><br>
<label>Reset object:</label>
<input type="reset" value="Reset"><br><br>
<label>Select object:</label>
<select>
<option>Option 1</option>
<option>Option 2</option>
</select><br><br>
<label>Submit object:</label>
<input type="submit" value="Submit Query"><br><br>
<label>Text:</label>
<input type="text"><br><br>
<label>Textarea:</label>
<textarea rows="4" cols="30"></textarea><br><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
3. a) Discuss about IETF and W3C.
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force):
The IETF is an organization that develops and
promotes internet standards.
It focuses on improving the architecture and
operation of the Internet through protocols like
TCP/IP, HTTP, and SMTP.
IETF works through an open community process
where engineers and researchers contribute to RFCs
(Request for Comments), which define internet
technologies.
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium):
The W3C is responsible for standardizing web
technologies, ensuring the long-term growth of the
World Wide Web.
It develops and maintains key standards such as
HTML, CSS, JavaScript APIs, XML, and Web
Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG).
W3C's goal is to improve web interoperability, making
it more accessible, secure, and efficient for users.
3. b) What is Internet, Intranet, and Extranet?
Discuss.
Internet:
The Internet is a global network of interconnected
computers that enables communication, data
exchange, and access to information worldwide.
It is publicly accessible and used for websites, emails,
social media, and various online services.
Example: Google, Facebook, Wikipedia.
Intranet:
An Intranet is a private network used within
an organization for internal communication
and data sharing.
It is not accessible to the public and requires
authentication to enter.
Example: A company's internal HR portal or
an employee database.
Extranet:
An Extranet is an extended intranet that allows
external users (such as business partners, suppliers,
or customers) to access certain resources of an
organization’s private network.
It requires secure login credentials and is used for
B2B (business-to-business) communication.
Example: A supplier portal where vendors can check
order details from a company's database.
3. c) Discuss the different types of ports related to
the web.
In computer networking, ports are virtual endpoints
for communication between computers. Web-related
ports are associated with web servers, email, and
data transfer protocols.
