JAI SHREE RAM

• Definition - Classification - Multimedia application -Multimedia

Hardware - Multimedia software - CDROM - DVD.

• Multimedia Audio: Digital medium - Digital audio technology -

sound cards - recording - editing - MP3 - MIDI fundamentals -
Working with MIDI – audio file formats - adding sound to
Multimedia project.

• Multimedia Text: Text in Multimedia -Multimedia graphics: coloring

– digital imaging fundamentals - development and editing - file
formats - scanning and digital photography.

• Multimedia Animation: Computer animation fundamentals -

Kinematics - morphing - animation s/w tools and techniques.
Multimedia Video: How video works - broadcast video standards -
digital video fundamentals – digital video production and editing
techniques - file formats.

• Multimedia Project: stages of project - Multimedia skills - design

concept - authoring - planning and costing –Multimedia Team.
Multimedia-looking towards Future: Digital Communication and
New Media, Interactive Television, Digital Broadcasting, Digital
Radio, Multimedia Conferencing.
Multimedia
• Multimedia is a type of medium that allows information to be
easily transferred from one location to another.
• Multimedia is the presentation of text, pictures, audio, and
video with links and tools that allow the user to navigate,
engage, create, and communicate using a computer.
• Multimedia refers to the computer-assisted integration of text,
drawings, still and moving images(videos) graphics, audio,
animation, and any other media in which any type of
information can be expressed, stored, communicated, and
processed digitally.

Categories of Multimedia
Linear Multimedia
It is also called Non-interactive multimedia.In the case of linear
multimedia, the end-user cannot control the content of the
application. Progresses in a predetermined sequence, like a movie
or a slide presentation. Linear multimedia works very well for
providing information to a large group of people such as at training
sessions, seminars, workplace meetings, etc.

Non-Linear Multimedia
In Non-Linear multimedia, Allows users to navigate and interact with
the content in a non-sequential manner, often seen in interactive
games or websites. For example computer games, websites, self-
paced computer-based training packages, etc.

Applications of Multimedia
Multimedia indicates that, in addition to text, graphics/drawings,
and photographs, computer information can be represented using
audio, video, and animation. Multimedia is used in:

Entertainment Multimedia :- Designed for enjoyment and leisure, such

that as movies, games, and music.
Educational Multmedia :- Created to facilitate learning through
interactive content, simulations, and educational software.

Informational Multimedia:- Used for conveying information, often in the

form of presentations, documentaries, and websites.

Mode of Delivery:-
Online Multimedia :- Content delivered over the internet.
Offline Multimedia:- Content stored and accessed locally, without an
internet.

Storage and Accessibility:-

Local Multimedia:- Stored on a device(ex:- computer, hard drive) and

accessed locally.
Cloud based Multimedia:- Stored on remote servers and accessed over
the internet.

Components of Multimedia
Multimedia consists of the following 5 components:

Text
Characters are used to form words, phrases, and paragraphs in the
text.

Graphics
Non-text information, such as a sketch, chart, or photograph, is
represented digitally. Graphics add to the appeal of the multimedia
application.
Graphics are at the heart of any multimedia presentation.

Animations
A sequence of still photographs is being flipped through. It’s a set of
visuals that give the impression of movement. Animation is the
process of making a still image appear to move.
Video
Photographic images that appear to be in full motion and are played
back at speeds of 15 to 30 frames per second. The term video
refers to a moving image that is accompanied by sound, such as a
television picture.

Audio
Any sound, whether it’s music, conversation, or something else.
Sound is the most serious aspect of multimedia, delivering the joy
of music, special effects, and other forms of entertainment.
MP3, WMA, Wave, MIDI, and RealAudio are examples of audio
formats.

Multimedia Hardware
Multimedia hardware encompasses a broad range of devices
designed to enhance the creation, editing, storage, and playback of
multimedia content, which includes text, graphics, audio, video, and
animations. This hardware is crucial for both consumer and
professional applications.

Multimedia hardware components

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)

• Purpose: Accelerate the rendering of images, videos, and animations.
They're crucial for gaming, video editing, 3D rendering, and increasingly,
in AI and machine learning tasks.
• Examples: NVIDIA GeForce for gaming, NVIDIA Quadro for
professional graphics work, and AMD Radeon.
Sound Cards
• Purpose: Improve audio input and output quality for tasks like music
production, gaming, and cinema-quality sound playback.
• Examples: External sound cards like the Focusrite Scarlett series for
music production, and internal cards like Creative Sound Blaster series
for high-fidelity gaming audio.
CPUs with Integrated Graphics
• Purpose: Offer a cost-effective solution for handling moderate graphics
processing tasks without the need for a separate GPU.
 • Examples: Intel Core processors with Intel Iris Xe Graphics, AMD Ryzen
processors with Radeon Graphics.
Storage Devices
• Purpose: Store multimedia content. Speed and storage capacity are
crucial for high-resolution video editing and large multimedia project
files.
• Examples: Solid State Drives (SSDs) for fast data access and large
capacity Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) for archival storage. NVMe SSDs
offer even faster data transfer rates, essential for 4K and 8K video editing.
Display Monitors
• Purpose: Accurately display multimedia content. Important features
include color accuracy, refresh rate, and resolution.
• Examples: 4K and 8K monitors for high-resolution video editing and
gaming. Monitors covering Adobe RGB or DCI-P3 color spaces are
preferred for professional photo and video editing.
Input Devices
• Purpose: Enable the creation and manipulation of multimedia content.
• Examples: Graphics tablets like the Wacom Intuos for digital artists,
MIDI keyboards for music production, and high-resolution scanners for
digitizing physical artwork.
Cameras and Microphones
• Purpose: Capture high-quality video and audio. The choice depends on
the specific needs, like streaming, podcasting, or professional
cinematography.
• Examples: DSLR and mirrorless cameras for high-quality video capture,
USB microphones like the Blue Yeti for podcasting, and lavalier
microphones for interviews.
External Video Capture Devices
• Purpose: Capture video input from external sources like cameras or
gaming consoles, often used in live streaming or video recording.
• Examples: Elgato Game Capture for gamers, Blackmagic Design capture
cards for professional broadcasting.

Multimedia Software
Multimedia software encompasses a wide range of applications
designed for creating, editing, organizing, and playing various types
of multimedia content, including text, graphics, audio, and video.
These tools are essential for both professional content creators and
general users looking to engage with digital media.
Different categories of multimedia software

Graphic Design Software

• Purpose: Create and edit visual content, including images, illustrations,
and layouts. Ex:- Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, CorelDRAW
Video Editing Software
• Purpose: Edit and produce video content, ranging from simple cuts to
complex visual effects. Ex:- Adobe Premiere Pro, Final Cut Pro X,
DaVinci Resolve.
Audio Editing and Music Production Software
• Purpose: Record, edit, mix, and produce audio and music tracks. Ex:-
• Ableton Live: A digital audio workstation (DAW) known for its
live performance capabilities and music production.
• FL Studio: Popular among electronic music producers, known for
its pattern-based music sequencer.
• Pro Tools: Widely used in professional recording studios for its
advanced audio editing and mixing capabilities.
Animation and 3D Modeling Software
• Purpose: Create animations and 3D models for games, films, and visual
effects.
• Examples:
• Autodesk Maya: A powerful 3D modeling and animation software
used in professional film and game production.
• Blender: A free and open-source 3D creation suite that supports all
aspects of 3D development.
• Adobe After Effects: A digital visual effects and motion graphics
software used for post-production in film-making and TV
production.
Multimedia Presentation Software
• Purpose: Create and display presentations combining text, images, audio,
and video. Ex:- Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, Prezi
Web Design Software
• Purpose: Design and develop websites and web applications.
• Examples:
• Adobe Dreamweaver: Offers a combination of visual and code
editing tools for web design and development.
• WordPress: A content management system (CMS) that powers a
significant portion of the web, with themes and plugins for
customization.
• Wix: A cloud-based web development platform that allows users to
create websites and web applications with drag-and-drop tools.
Media Players and Codecs
 • Purpose: Play back multimedia files in various formats.
• Examples:
• VLC Media Player: A free and open-source player that supports a
wide range of audio and video formats.
• Windows Media Player: Integrated into Windows operating
systems, supports standard audio and video formats.
• K-Lite Codec Pack: A collection of audio and video codecs for
Microsoft Windows that enables the operating system and its
software to play various audio and video formats not supported by
the operating system itself.

CD-ROM
CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory. The CD-ROM
in all of its non-erasable, non-writable glory, existed long before it
infiltrated our system with its youthful promise of infinite
information. ROM, stands for Read-Only Memory it cannot be
altered or erased.
Binary (Digital) data that is encoded on little pits on the optical disc
are read by the laser beams which are situated in the Optical
Reader. It is an optical disc that has the capacity to store data,
music files, video files, games, etc.

Characteristics of CD-ROM
• CD-ROM is made up of clear poly-carbonate plastic, coated with
a reflective material and a protective coat of clear lacquer.
• CD-ROM can only be read by CD-ROM Readers. Normal readers
cannot read the CD-ROM disks.
• CD-ROM can hold up to 700 Megabytes of data, roughly 3, 00,
000 typewritten pages.
• It can store audios, still videos, pictures and animated graphics
and full motion video as well.

Advantages of CD-ROM
• CD-ROM can be accessed randomly.
• CD-ROM is the most cost effective way to produce and distribute
large quantities of data.
• Compare to other storage disks, a CD-ROM is very rugged.
• CD-ROM is long-lasting.
• It is a secure medium for storing large amounts of read only
information.
Disadvantage of CD-ROM
• The biggest complaint is that they are relatively slow.
 • Once it is filled up with data, new data cannot be entered on
it.
• Smaller storage capacity than hard disks.
• It can be easily scratched and after the scratches it won’t
work properly.

DVD
DVD stands for Digital versatile disk. DVD is a digital optical disc
storage format. DVDs can also be known as “Digital video discs”.
DVD technology allows for the storage of a large amount of data
using digital technology. DVDs can store up to 17 gigabytes,
compared to the storage capacity of a compact disc (CD).

DVD-R The “R” in DVD-R stands for “recordable” while formats that
end in RW are “rewritable.” A DVD-R is often wont to record video or
audio, but once it’s been written thereto isn’t possible to erase it or
overwrite it. they’re used for archiving files you would like to keep,
transferring files between computers or sending large files to
friends. a typical DVD-R holds up to 4.7GB of knowledge, while a
dual-layer DVD-R will hold 8.5 GB.

Advantages of DVD
• Very large storage capacity.
• Increasing availability.
• It is easily available in every store.
• It is portable.
• High data stability.
• The DVD drive can read CDs.
• Sound and movie quality is superb which makes them
suitable for sound and video.
• Price is dropping for both DVDs also as for the DVD drives.
• DVD has the capacity to offer 4k resolution.
Disadvantages of DVD
• DVDs don’t add CD-ROM drives.
• It is tough to vary data.
• There is no single standard on DVD.
• When we need to use DVD, it’s built-in copy protection and
regional lockout.
• Still a comparatively new technology so still expensive
compared to CD-ROMs and VCR.
 • It require a burning software to record some information
thereto .
• DVD uses digital compression. poorly compressed audio or
video could also be like fuzzy, harsh or vague and blocky.
• DVD doesn’t fully support HDTV.
• They can be easily damaged by breaking or by a number of
the scratching.
• Some DVD players and drives can’t read CDs.
• View a couple of players can play in reverse at normal
speed.
• Many of the DVD players and drives can’t read DVD RAM
discs.

Q. What is the DVD resolution capacity?

DVD has the capacity to offer 4k resolution.
Q. What is DVD-RW?
DVD-RW was first re_writable(erasable) disc. this DVD can be read,
written, erased, and rewritten.
Q. How Much Data Can Store in DVD?
The single-sided, single-layer, 4.7 GB DVD is one of the most widely
used DVDs. The double-layer, single-sided disc has a storage capacity
of 8.5-8.7 GB. The double-sided, double-layer disc has a capacity of
up to 17.08 GB despite being uncommon.

Multimedia Audio
"Multimedia Audio" refers to the sound component within
multimedia applications. Multimedia itself is a combination of
different content forms such as text, audio, images, animations,
video, and interactive content.

Types of Multimedia Audio

Music, Sound Effects, Voiceovers/Narration, Environmental Sounds

Applications
Educational Software, Video Games, Films and Videos, Websites and
Apps, Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR).
Creating and managing multimedia audio involves several steps and
tools:
• Recording: High-quality microphones and recording environments
are crucial for capturing clear voiceovers and natural sounds.
• Editing: Audio editing software is used to cut, combine, and enhance
sound clips. This includes adjusting levels, adding effects, and
cleaning up unwanted noise.
• Encoding: Audio files need to be encoded in formats that are
compatible with the target multimedia platform while balancing
quality and file size, such as MP3, AAC, or WAV.
• Integration: Audio is then integrated into the multimedia application
using authoring tools or programming languages, ensuring proper
timing and interactivity.

"digital medium" refers to any platform or method for creating, sharing, and
consuming content that is encoded in a machine-readable format. Digital
media has revolutionized the way information is disseminated and consumed,
affecting various aspects of society including communication, entertainment,
education, and commerce. Unlike traditional media, such as print newspapers
and magazines, digital media is characterized by its interactive nature, the
capacity for easy duplication and distribution, and its global reach.