Detailed Java Roadmap in 2025 (from basics to advanced).
PHASE 1: BASICS/BEGINNERS LEVEL HOT TOPICS FOR INTERVIEWS
TOPICS
JDK VS JRE VS JVM, WHY JAVA IS PLATFORM-
Environment Setup and Java History INDEPENDENT.
JDK, IDE (INTELLIJ, ECLIPSE, NETBEANS), HELLO,
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN == AND .EQUALS(), PRIMITIVE
WORLD!
Core Java Syntax VS REFERENCE TYPES
VARIABLES, DATA TYPES, OPERATORS, CONTROL
ENCAPSULATION
STATEMENTS
PRIMITIVE VS REFERENCE TYPES
CLASSES, OBJECTS, CONSTRUCTORS
Basic OOP Concepts STACK VS HEAP
STACK VS HEAP, GARBAGE COLLECTION
GARBAGE COLLECTIONS
LOOPS (FOR, WHILE), IF-ELSE, SWITCH
METHOD OVERLOADING, METHOD OVERRIDING
ACCESS MODIFIERS
Memory Basics USE CASES FOR SWITCH VS IF-ELSE
4 PILLARS OF OOPS - INHERITANCE, POLYMORPHISM,
ENHANCED SWITCH
ENCAPSULATION AND DATA ABSTRACTION
YIELD KEYWORD
Control Flow IMMUTABLE NATURE OF JAVA STRINGS
IS JAVA STATICALLY AND STRONGLY TYPED?
PHASE 2: INTERMEDIATE LEVEL TOPICS
HOT TOPICS FOR INTERVIEWS
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ABSTRACT CLASSES AND
OOP Advanced ABSTRACT CLASSES, INTERFACES
INTERFACES.
ENUMS, ANNOTATIONS
HOW HASHMAP WORKS INTERNALLY.
LISTS (ARRAYLIST, LINKEDLIST), SETS (HASHSET,
Collections Framework FAIL-FAST VS FAIL-SAFE ITERATORS.
TREESET), MAPS (HASHMAP, LINKEDHASHMAP)
CONCURRENT HASHMAP
COLLECTION UTILS FUNCTIONS
BEST PRACTICES FOR EXCEPTION HANDLING.
CHECKED VS UNCHECKED EXCEPTIONS, TRY-CATCH-
Exception Handling DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THROW AND THROWS.
FINALLY, CUSTOM EXCEPTIONS, THROW AND
EXCEPTION HIERARCHY IN JAVA.
THROWS KEYWORDS
HOW TO HANDLE LARGE FILES EFFICIENTLY.
JAVA IO (FILEREADER, FILEWRITER, BUFFEREDREADER,
File Handling THREAD LIFECYCLE.
BUFFEREDWRITER), NIO BASICS (CHANNELS, BUFFERS)
DAEMON THREAD
JMM, INTRODUCTION TO THREADS, THREAD STATES,
RUNNABLE VS CALLABLE
Multithreading and Concurrency RUNNABLE VS THREAD,
RACE CONDITIONS AND HOW TO HANDLE THEM
VOLATILE VS ATOMIC VS SYNCHRONIZED KEYWORDS
TOPICS
PHASE 3: ADVANCED LEVEL HOT TOPICS FOR INTERVIEWS
INSPECTING CLASSES, METHODS, FIELDS AT RUNTIME; REAL-WORLD USE CASES OF REFLECTION.
Reflection API and Internationalization CREATING AND MODIFYING OBJECTS DYNAMICALLY HOW TYPE ERASURE WORKS.
WILDCARDS (? EXTENDS, ? SUPER), TYPE ERASURE, WHEN TO USE ? EXTENDS VS ? SUPER.
BOUNDED GENERICS GROUPING BY MULTIPLE FIELDS.
Generics and Optional Class
INTERMEDIATE AND TERMINAL OPERATIONS; AGGREGATION TECHNIQUES.
GROUPING, AGGREGATION, MAPPING, FILTERING STREAM OPTIMIZATION FOR LARGE DATASETS.
SOCKETS, HTTP CLIENT API, WEBSOCKET DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOCKETS AND HTTP
Java Streams in depth
COMMUNICATION USE CASES FOR SYMMETRIC VS ASYMMETRIC
SYMMETRIC/ASYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION, HASHING, ENCRYPTION.
Networking and Cryptography SECURE RANDOM NUMBERS IMPLEMENTING SSL/TLS IN JAVA APPLICATIONS
PATTERN MATCHING, INPUT VALIDATION, PARSING HOW TO IMPLEMENT SECURE PASSWORD STORAGE
COMPLEX STRINGS (HASHING).
Regular Expressions and Date time API LOCALDATE, LOCALTIME, ZONEDDATETIME, PARSING EMAIL PATTERN VALIDATION USING REGEX
AND FORMATTING TIMEZONE MANAGEMENT.
USE CASES FOR ZONEDDATETIME.
PHASE 4: KEY FEATURES FROM JAVA 9 TO JAVA 23 TOPICS
MODULAR SYSTEM (PROJECT JIGSAW), JSHELL, STREAM HOT TOPICS FOR INTERVIEWS
Stream Enhancements ENHANCEMENTS
LOCAL VARIABLE TYPE INFERENCE (VAR) PROS AND CONS OF VAR
HTTP CLIENT API, SINGLE-FILE SOURCE EXECUTION, EFFICIENTLY HANDLING HTTP/2 CONNECTIONS.
var keyword
STRING METHODS WHEN TO USE SEALED CLASSES
SEALED CLASSES, RECORDS, PATTERN MATCHING FOR RECORDS VS REGULAR POJOS
Sealed Classes, Records, Pattern Matching for SWITCH USE CASES FOR PATTERN MATCHING
switch VIRTUAL THREADS, SCOPED VALUES, STRUCTURED HOW VIRTUAL THREADS IMPROVE SCALABILITY.
CONCURRENCY, SEQUENCED COLLECTIONS WHY VIRTUAL THREADS ARE LIGHT WEIGHT
SCOPED VALUES FOR THREAD-SAFE IMMUTABLE DATA.
Virtual Threads, Scoped Values STRUCTURED CONCURRENCY BENEFITS.
BLOG: HTTPS://WWW.HUNGRYCODERS.COM/BLOG/JAVA-
9-23-UNLEASHED-THE-DEVELOPERS-CHEAT-SHEET-TO-
Structured Concurrency, Sequenced Collections MODERN-JAVA
PHASE 5: BUILD PROJECTS
One Billion Row Challenge: Process a billion rows of data in Java. You need to use Multithreading concepts, I/O, reflection, collections...etc.
Run 100 Million Virtual Threads and compare the performance of Virtual Threads vs Normal Threads.
WebSocket Chat Application: Build a real-time chat application using WebSockets for communication.
E-Commerce Analytics: Aggregate sales data, calculate metrics, and generate reports using Java Streams
