Circular functions and

trigonometry P1 (Part 2) [222

marks]

The following diagram represents a large Ferris wheel, with a diameter of 100 metres.

Let P be a point on the wheel. The wheel starts with P at the lowest point, at ground level. The wheel
rotates at a constant rate, in an anticlockwise (counter-clockwise) direction. One revolution takes 20
minutes.

1a. Write down the height of P above ground level after [2 marks]
(i) 10 minutes;
(ii) 15 minutes.
 Let h(t) metres be the height of P above ground level after t minutes. Some values of h(t) are given
in the table below.

1b. (i) Show that h(8) = 90.5. [4 marks]

(ii) Find h(21) .

1c. Sketch the graph of h , for 0 ≤ t ≤ 40 . [3 marks]

1d. Given that h can be expressed in the form h(t) = a cos bt + c , find a , b [5 marks]
and c .

2. Let 6x [6 marks]
h(x) = cos x . Find h′ (0) .

The diagram shows two concentric circles with centre O.

The radius of the smaller circle is 8 cm and the radius of the larger circle is 10 cm.

Points A, B and C are on the circumference of the larger circle such thatAÔB is π radians.
3

3a. Find the length of the arc ACB . [2 marks]

3b. Find the area of the shaded region. [4 marks]

2
4a. Show that 4 − cos 2θ + 5 sin θ = 2 sin2 θ + 5 sin θ + 3 . [2 marks]

4b. Hence, solve the equation 4 − cos 2θ + 5 sin θ = 0 for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π . [5 marks]

The straight line with equation y = 34 x makes an acute angle θ with the x-axis.

5a. Write down the value of tan θ . [1 mark]

5b. Find the value of [6 marks]

(i) sin 2θ ;
(ii) cos 2θ .

Let f(x) = cosx , for sin x

x
sin
≠0.

6a. Use the quotient rule to show that f ′ (x) −1 [5 marks]

= .
sin2x

6b. Find f ′′ (x) . [3 marks]

In the following table, f ′ ( π ) = p and f ′′ ( π ) = q . The table also gives approximate values of f ′(x)
2 2
and f ′′(x) near x = π
2
.

6c. Find the value of p and of q. [3 marks]

6d. Use information from the table to explain why there is a point of [2 marks]
inflexion on the graph of f where x = π2 .
 Let f(x) = 6 + 6 sin x . Part of the graph of f is shown below.

The shaded region is enclosed by the curve of f , the x-axis, and the y-axis.

7a. Solve for0 ≤ x < 2π [5 marks]

(i) 6 + 6 sin x = 6 ;
(ii) 6 + 6 sin x = 0 .

7b. Write down the exact value of the x-intercept of f , for 0 ≤ x < 2π . [1 mark]

7c. The area of the shaded region is k . Find the value of k , giving your [6 marks]
answer in terms of π .

7d. Let g(x) = 6 + 6 sin(x − π2 ) . The graph of f is transformed to the graph [2 marks]
of g.
Give a full geometric description of this transformation.

7e. Let g(x) = 6 + 6 sin(x − π2 ) . The graph of f is transformed to the graph [3 marks]
of g.
p+ 32π
Given that ∫p g(x)dx = k and 0 ≤ p < 2π , write down the two values of p.

Let f(x) = cos 2x and g(x) = 2x2 − 1 .

8a. Find f ( π2 ) . [2 marks]

8b. Find (g ∘ f) ( π2 ) . [2 marks]

8c. Given that (g ∘ f)(x) can be written as cos(kx) , find the value of k, [3 marks]
k∈Z.

9. Solve cos 2x − 3 cos x − 3 − cos2 x = sin2 x , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π . [7 marks]

A rectangle is inscribed in a circle of radius 3 cm and centre O, as shown below.

The point P(x , y) is a vertex of the rectangle and also lies on the circle. The angle between (OP) and
the x-axis is θ radians, where 0 ≤θ≤ π
.
2

10a. Write down an expression in terms of θ for [2 marks]

(i) x;
(ii) y .

10b. Let the area of the rectangle be A. [3 marks]

Show that A = 18 sin 2θ .

10c. (i) Find ddA . [8 marks]

θ
(ii) Hence, find the exact value of θ which maximizes the area of the rectangle.
(iii) Use the second derivative to justify that this value of θ does give a
maximum.
 The vertices of the triangle PQR are defined by the position vectors

→ ⎛
4 ⎞
−−→ ⎛
3 ⎞
−−→ ⎛
6 ⎞
OP = ⎜ −3 ⎟ , OQ = ⎜ −1 ⎟ and OR = ⎜ −1 ⎟ .
−−
⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠

11a. Find [3 marks]

−−→
(i) PQ ;
−−→
(ii) PR .

11b. Show that 1 [7 marks]

cos RP̂Q = 2 .

11c. (i) Find sinRP̂Q . [6 marks]

(ii) Hence, find the area of triangle PQR, giving your answer in the form a√3 .

12. Letf(x) = √3e2x sin x + e2x cos x , for 0 ≤ x ≤ π . Solve the equation [6 marks]
f(x) = 0 .

Let f(x) = e− 3x and g(x) = sin(x − π ) .

3

13a. Write down [2 marks]

(i) f ′ (x) ;
(ii) g ′ (x) .

13b. Let h(x) = e−3x sin(x − π3 ) . Find the exact value of h′ ( π3 ) . [4 marks]
 Let f(t) = acos b(t − c) + d , t ≥ 0 . Part of the graph of y = f(t) is given below.

When t = 3 , there is a maximum value of 29, at M.

When t = 9 , there is a minimum value of 15.

14a. (i) Find the value of a. [7 marks]

π
(ii) Show that b = 6
.

(iii) Find the value of d.

(iv) Write down a value for c.

14b. The transformation P is given by a horizontal stretch of a scale factor of [2 marks]

3
1
2 , followed by a translation of ( ).
−10
Let M ′ be the image of M under P. Find the coordinates of M ′ .

14c. The graph of g is the image of the graph of f under P. [4 marks]

Find g(t) in the form g(t) = 7 cos B(t − c) + D .

14d. The graph of g is the image of the graph of f under P. [3 marks]

Give a full geometric description of the transformation that maps the graph of g to
the graph of f .

Let f(x) = sin 3 x + cos3 x tan x, π <x<π.

2

15a. Show that f(x) = sin x . [2 marks]

15b. 2 4√5 [5 marks]
Let sin x = 3
. Show that f(2x) =− 9
.

Let p = sin 40∘ and q = cos 110∘ . Give your answers to the following in terms of p and/or q .

16a. Write down an expression for [2 marks]

(i) sin 140∘ ;
(ii) cos 70∘ .

16b. Find an expression for cos 140∘ . [3 marks]

16c. Find an expression for tan 140∘ . [1 mark]

Consider g(x) = 3 sin 2x .

17a. Write down the period of g. [1 mark]

17b. On the diagram below, sketch the curve of g, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π . [3 marks]

17c. Write down the number of solutions to the equation g(x) = 2 , for [2 marks]
0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
 The following diagram shows a semicircle centre O, diameter [AB], with radius 2.

Let P be a point on the circumference, with PÔB = θ radians.

18a. Find the area of the triangle OPB, in terms of θ . [2 marks]

18b. Explain why the area of triangle OPA is the same as the area triangle [3 marks]
OPB.

Let S be the total area of the two segments shaded in the diagram below.

18c. Show that S = 2(π − 2 sin θ) . [3 marks]

18d. Find the value of θ when S is a local minimum, justifying that it is a [8 marks]
minimum.

18e. Find a value of θ for which S has its greatest value. [2 marks]

19a. Given that cos A 1 π [3 marks]

= 3
and 0≤A≤ 2 , find cos 2A .

19b. Given that 2 [3 marks]

sin B = 3
and π2 ≤ B ≤ π , find cos B .
 Let f : x ↦ sin3 x .

20a. (i) Write down the range of the function f . [5 marks]

(ii) Consider f(x) = 1 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π . Write down the number of solutions to this
equation. Justify your answer.

20b. Find f ′ (x) , giving your answer in the form a sinp x cosq x where [2 marks]
a, p, q ∈ Z .

1
g(x) = √3 sin x(cos x) 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ π2 . Find the volume generated[7 marks]
20c. Let
when the curve of g is revolved through 2π about the x-axis.

Let f(x) = cos x + √3 sin x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π . The following diagram shows the graph of f .

The y-intercept is at (0, 1) , there is a minimum point at A (p, q) and a maximum point at B.

21a. Find f ′ (x) . [2 marks]

21b. Hence [10 marks]

(i) show that q = −2 ;
(ii) verify that A is a minimum point.

21c. Find the maximum value of f(x) . [3 marks]

( ) cos( − )
 21d. The function f(x) can be written in the form r cos(x − a) . [2 marks]
Write down the value of r and of a .

The expression 6 sin x cos x can be expressed in the form asin bx .

22a. Find the value of a and of b . [3 marks]

22b. Hence or otherwise, solve the equation 6 sin x cos x = 3 , for [4 marks]
2
π π
4
≤ x ≤ 2 .

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