3UHI¡FLR
4XDQGR LQLFLHL PHXV HVWXGRV HP 'DWD 6FLHQFH RX &LªQFLD GH 'DGRV HP
SRUWXJXªV K¡ PXLWRV DQRV VHQWLD TXH D PDLRULD GRV OLYURV H[LVWHQWHV QD
OLWHUDWXUD HUD PXLWR FRPSOH[D UHFKHDGD GH GHPRQVWUD§µHV PDWHP¡WLFDV H
GHWDOKHV W©FQLFRV PXLWDV YH]HV DVVXVWDGRUHV SDUD XP LQLFLDQWH QD ¡UHD
HVSHFLDOPHQWH DTXHOHV FXMD EDVH PDWHP¡WLFD Q£R HUD W£R SURIXQGD
&DGD SHVVRD WHP XP HVWLOR SUHIHULGR GH DSUHQGL]DJHP H DSHVDU GH PXLWRV
SUHIHULUHP FRQWHºGRV GHWDOKDGRV H SURIXQGRV R HVWLOR TXH VHPSUH
IXQFLRQRX SDUD PLP IRL R TXH HX FKDPR GH DSUHQGL]DGR FHEROD SRLV ©
IHLWR HP FDPDGDV JRVWR GH WHU SULPHLUR XPD YLV£R JHUDO GH WRGRV RV
DVVXQWRV H GHSRLV LU PH DSURIXQGDQGR HP GHWHUPLQDGRV W³SLFRV GH DFRUGR
FRP D PLQKD QHFHVVLGDGH
$O©P GLVVR D PDLRULD GRV OLYURV W©FQLFRV © HVFULWD HP LQJOªV H PXLWRV
HVWXGDQWHV WªP GLILFXOGDGHV GH FRPSUHHQV£R GR LGLRPD RX PHVPR
SUHIHUHP OHU HP SRUWXJXªV 'HVWD IRUPD VXUJLX D LGHLD GH HVFUHYHU XP OLYUR
LQWURGXW³ULR GH &LªQFLD GH 'DGRV HP SRUWXJXªV TXH SXGHVVH JXLDU RV
DSUHQGL]HV LQLFLDQWHV QHVWD ¡UHD IDVFLQDQWH H HVWLPXO¡ ORV D VH
GHVHQYROYHUHP HP W³SLFRV PDLV DYDQ§DGRV
(VSHUDPRV TXH D OHLWXUD VHMD DJUDG¡YHO H TXH HVWH OLYUR SRVVD VHU ºWLO QD VXD
FDPLQKDGD %RQV HVWXGRV
3ºEOLFR DOYR H RUJDQL]D§£R GR OLYUR
(VWH OLYUR © LQGLFDGR SDUD SURILVVLRQDLV HVWXGDQWHV H SURIHVVRUHV TXH
GHVHMHP LQLFLDU VHXV HVWXGRV HP 'DWD 6FLHQFH H DOJRULWPRV GH 0DFKLQH
/HDUQLQJ H TXH WHQKDP QR§µHV GH FRQFHLWRV PDWHP¡WLFRV H GH O³JLFD GH
SURJUDPD§£R
2 REMHWLYR SULQFLSDO GHVWH OLYUR © PRVWUDU FRPR XWLOL]DU 'DWD 6FLHQFH SDUD
UHVROYHU SUREOHPDV H JHUDU SURGXWRV TXH DJUHJXHP YDORU DR QHJ³FLR
DSUHQGHQGR FRP RV GDGRV $VVLP R IRFR GHVWH OLYUR © QR SURFHVVR H QDV
W©FQLFDV UHODFLRQDGDV DRV DOJRULWPRV SUHGLWLYRV PDLV FRPXPHQWH XWLOL]DGRV
HP &LªQFLD GH 'DGRV PDV PRVWUDQGR WDPE©P D LPSRUW¢QFLD GD HWDSD GH
SUHSDUD§£R GRV GDGRV EUXWRV OLPSH]D H DQ¡OLVH H[SORUDW³ULD
3DVVDUHPRV SHODV HWDSDV QHFHVV¡ULDV SDUD UHVROX§£R GH SUREOHPDV GH 'DWD
6FLHQFH GR LQ-FLR DR ILP FRQWHPSODQGR WHRULD H SU¡WLFD 3DUD WDO WRGRV RV
FRQFHLWRV WH³ULFRV DSUHVHQWDGRV VHU£R FRPSOHPHQWDGRV FRP H[HPSORV
SU¡WLFRV QD OLQJXDJHP 5 2 FDS-WXOR H[SOLFD FRPR LQVWDODU RV UHTXLVLWRV
QHFHVV¡ULRV SDUD WUDEDOKDU FRP 5 HP VHX FRPSXWDGRU H WUD] XPD LQWURGX§£R
DRV SULQFLSDLV FRPDQGRV GD OLQJXDJHP
2 FDS-WXOR WUD] XPD LQWURGX§£R D FRQFHLWRV GH (VWDW-VWLFD H •OJHEUD
/LQHDU SDUD TXH VHMD SRVV-YHO FRPSUHHQGHU PHOKRU R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GRV
DOJRULWPRV DSUHVHQWDGRV QR OLYUR 6HU£R DSUHVHQWDGRV H[HPSORV SU¡WLFRV
FRP D OLQJXDJHP 5 SDUD PHOKRU HQWHQGLPHQWR GRV FRQFHLWRV
2 FDS-WXOR DERUGD R WHPD 3U© SURFHVVDPHQWR GH GDGRV XPD HWDSD
LPSRUWDQW-VVLPD SDUD R HQWHQGLPHQWR GR SUREOHPD H SUHSDUD§£R GRV GDGRV
SDUD D DSOLFD§£R GRV DOJRULWPRV GH 0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ D VHJXLU
2V FDS-WXORV H DERUGDP SUREOHPDV GH &ODVVLILFD§£R H RV FDS-WXORV H
SRU VXD YH] SUREOHPDV GH 5HJUHVV£R 2V FDS-WXORV H DERUGDP RV
SUREOHPDV GH $VVRFLD§£R H $JUXSDPHQWR ILQDOL]DQGR RV DOJRULWPRV GH
0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ DSUHVHQWDGRV QHVWH OLYUR
)LQDOPHQWH R FDS-WXOR FRQFOXL R OLYUR WUD]HQGR XP SURMHWR FRPSOHWR GH
'DWD 6FLHQFH GR LQ-FLR DR ILP H VXJHVWµHV GH DSURIXQGDPHQWR GRV HVWXGRV
&³GLJR IRQWH
7RGRV RV F³GLJRV H EDVHV GH GDGRV XWLOL]DGRV QHVWH OLYUR HVW£R GLVSRQ-YHLV
QR UHSRVLW³ULR GR *LW+XE KWWSV JLWKXE FRP WDWLDQDHVF LQWURGDWDVFLHQFH
3DUD HQFRQWUDU SDGUµHV R SURFHVVR GH 'DWD 0LQLQJ XWLOL]D W©FQLFDV GH
0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ $SUHQGL]DGR GH 0¡TXLQD
*HUDOPHQWH 0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ VH FRQFHQWUD QD GHVFREHUWD GH SDGUµHV RX
GH I³UPXODV PDWHP¡WLFDV TXH H[SOLTXHP R UHODFLRQDPHQWR HQWUH RV GDGRV
VHP QHFHVVDULDPHQWH VH SUHRFXSDU FRP VHX JUDX GH XWLOLGDGH RX DSOLFD§£R
DR QHJ³FLR H HVWXGD IRUPDV GH DXWRPDWL]D§£R GH WDUHIDV LQWHOLJHQWHV TXH
VHULDP GLI-FHLV GH VHUHP UHDOL]DGDV SRU KXPDQRV -¡ HP 'DWD 0LQLQJ R
REMHWLYR SULQFLSDO © D H[WUD§£R GR FRQKHFLPHQWR SHOR DQDOLVWD Q£R OHYDQGR
HP FRQWD R WHPSR QHFHVV¡ULR RX D QDWXUH]D GDV DWLYLGDGHV SDUD HVWD WDUHID
$VVLP SRGH VH GL]HU TXH HP 0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ R DSUHQGL]DGR © R REMHWLYR
SULQFLSDO HQTXDQWR QR 'DWD 0LQLQJ R DSUHQGL]DGR © XP PHLR SDUD
H[WUD§£R GH FRQKHFLPHQWR TXH GHYH VHU DYDOLDGR H DSOLFDGR 7DPE©P VH
SRGH GL]HU TXH 0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ © XP VXEFRQMXQWR GDV W©FQLFDV XWLOL]DGDV
QD ¡UHD GH ,QWHOLJªQFLD $UWLILFLDO SRLV XVD DOJRULWPRV EDVHDGRV HP
PDWHP¡WLFD H HVWDW-VWLFD SDUD UHDOL]DU D WDUHID GH DSUHQGL]DGR
$SHVDU GH DV W©FQLFDV GH UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GH SDGUµHV H GH DQ¡OLVH
H[SORUDW³ULD GH GDGRV XWLOL]DGDV HP 'DWD 0LQLQJ H 0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ
VHUHP DQWLJDV H HP VXD JUDQGH SDUWH SURYHQLHQWHV GD (VWDW-VWLFD HODV V³
SDVVDUDP D VHU HIHWLYDPHQWH XVDGDV SDUD H[SORUD§£R GH GDGRV QRV ºOWLPRV
DQRV GHYLGR D IDWRUHV FRPR PDLRU YROXPH GH GDGRV GLVSRQ-YHO FULD§£R H
SRSXODUL]D§£R GH 'DWD :DUHKRXVHV JUDQGHV DUPD]©QV GH GDGRV FRP
DUTXLWHWXUD GH GDGRV YROWDGD SDUD D WRPDGD GH GHFLV£R UHFXUVRV
FRPSXWDFLRQDLV SRWHQWHV IRUWH FRPSHWL§£R HPSUHVDULDO H FULD§£R GH
GLYHUVRV VRIWZDUHV
2 FRQFHLWR GH 'DWD 6FLHQFH RX &LªQFLD GH 'DGRV SRU VXD YH] © PDLV
DPSOR UHIHUH VH FROHWD GH GDGRV GH Y¡ULDV IRQWHV SDUD ILQV GH DQ¡OLVH FRP
R REMHWLYR GH DSRLDU D WRPDGD GH GHFLVµHV XWLOL]DQGR JHUDOPHQWH JUDQGHV
TXDQWLGDGHV GH GDGRV GH IRUPD VLVWHPDWL]DGD 4XDVH VHPSUH DO©P GH ROKDU
SDUD RV GDGRV SDVVDGRV SDUD HQWHQGHU R FRPSRUWDPHQWR GRV PHVPRV
DWLYLGDGH FRQKHFLGD FRPR %XVLQHVV ,QWHOOLJHQFH %, GHVHMD VH WDPE©P
UHDOL]DU DQ¡OLVHV GH IRUPD SUHGLWLYD SRU H[HPSOR XWLOL]DQGR W©FQLFDV GH
'DWD 0LQLQJ H RX 0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ
$VVLP 'DWD 6FLHQFH Q£R © XPD IHUUDPHQWD PDV VLP XP FRQMXQWR GH
P©WRGRV FRP R REMHWLYR DSRLDU GHFLVµHV GH QHJ³FLR EDVHDGDV HP GDGRV 3RU
VH WUDWDU GH XPD ¡UHD PXLWR YDVWD RSWDPRV SRU IRFDU HVWH OLYUR QR SURFHVVR
H QDV W©FQLFDV UHODFLRQDGDV DRV DOJRULWPRV SUHGLWLYRV GH 0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ
PDLV FRPXPHQWH XWLOL]DGRV PDV PRVWUDQGR WDPE©P D LPSRUW¢QFLD GD HWDSD
GH SUHSDUD§£R GRV GDGRV EUXWRV OLPSH]D H DQ¡OLVH 'HVWD IRUPD © SRVV-YHO
DSOLFDU RV DOJRULWPRV H JHUDU XP SURGXWR TXH DJUHJXH YDORU DR QHJ³FLR RX
VHMD DSOLFDU D FLªQFLD SDUD DSUHQGHU FRP RV GDGRV H Q£R VLPSOHVPHQWH
H[HFXWDU RV DOJRULWPRV 9DOH D SHQD UHVVDOWDU HQWUHWDQWR TXH D OLWHUDWXUD
HVSHFLDOL]DGD PXLWDV YH]HV XWLOL]D RV WHUPRV 'DWD 6FLHQFH 0DFKLQH
/HDUQLQJ H 'DWD 0LQLQJ GH IRUPD LQWHUFDPEL¡YHO H RX FRPSOHPHQWDU
PXLWR SURYDYHOPHQWH SRUTXH HVWH WHPD WHP FUHVFLGR H VH SRSXODUL]DGR FRP
JUDQGH YHORFLGDGH QRV ºOWLPRV DQRV IDOWDQGR DLQGD XPD PHOKRU
RUJDQL]D§£R GD OLWHUDWXUD TXDQWR QRPHQFODWXUD XWLOL]DGD
3DUD WUDEDOKDU FRP 'DWD 6FLHQFH FRPR R QRPH M¡ LQGLFD SUHFLVDPRV GH
GDGRV H TXDQWR PDLV GDGRV GHVGH TXH VHMDP GH TXDOLGDGH PHOKRU SRLV
VHU¡ PDLV I¡FLO GH HQFRQWUDU RV SDGUµHV RX I³UPXODV PDWHP¡WLFDV TXH RV
H[SOLTXHP (VWHV GDGRV SRGHP VHU RULXQGRV GH IRQWHV HVWUXWXUDGDV RX Q£R
FRPR SODQLOKDV GRFXPHQWRV LPDJHQV EDQFRV GH GDGRV UHODFLRQDLV RX
Q£R 'DWD :DUHKRXVHV H 'DWD /DNHV H QD SU¡WLFD WªP TXDOLGDGH UXLP
VHQGR QHFHVV¡ULR JDVWDU XP WHPSR FRQVLGHU¡YHO QD VXD SUHSDUD§£R OLPSH]D
H HQULTXHFLPHQWR $VVLP SDUD VHU FDSD] GH UHDOL]DU WRGDV DV HWDSDV
QHFHVV¡ULDV SDUD HIHWLYDPHQWH JHUDU YDORU DR QHJ³FLR D SDUWLU GH GDGRV
EUXWRV FRQVLGHUDPRV TXH R SURILVVLRQDO GH 'DWD 6FLHQFH GHYH WHU XPD
IRUPD§£R PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU XQLQGR GLVFLSOLQDV FRPR (VWDW-VWLFD
3URJUDPD§£R %DQFR GH 'DGRV %XVLQHVV ,QWHOOLJHQFH 0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ H
,QWHOLJªQFLD $UWLILFLDO
$SOLFD§µHV GH 'DWD 6FLHQFH
&RPR DSOLFD§µHV GH 'DWD 6FLHQFH M¡ XWLOL]DGDV QR PXQGR UHDO SRGHPRV
FLWDU
1R JRYHUQR GRV (8$ D LGHQWLILFD§£R GH SDGUµHV GH WUDQVIHUªQFLD GH
IXQGRV LQWHUQDFLRQDLV GH ODYDJHP GH GLQKHLUR GR QDUFRWU¡ILFR H
SUHYHQ§£R GH DWHQWDGRV
1D ¡UHD GH YDUHMR D XWLOL]D§£R GH GDGRV GR KLVW³ULFR GH FRPSUDV H
SUHIHUªQFLDV GRV FOLHQWHV SDUD GHILQLU SRU H[HPSOR D PHOKRU
RUJDQL]D§£R GH SUDWHOHLUDV ,VVR SRGH IDFLOLWDU DV YHQGDV FDVDGDV H D
GHILQL§£R GH K¡ELWRV GH FRQVXPR H SUHYLV£R GH QHFHVVLGDGHV GH
SURGXWRV VHUYL§RV HP GHWHUPLQDGD UHJL£R RX SDUD GHWHUPLQDGR
SºEOLFR DOYR SRU H[HPSOR
1D ¡UHD GH VDºGH D LQYHVWLJD§£R GD UHOD§£R HQWUH GRHQ§DV H SHUILV
SURILVVLRQDLV VRFLRFXOWXUDLV K¡ELWRV SHVVRDLV H ORFDLV GH PRUDGLD SDUD
PHOKRU HQWHQGLPHQWR GDV GRHQ§DV H WUDWDPHQWRV
1D ¡UHD GH *HRORJLD D LGHQWLILFD§£R GH OLWRORJLD GDV URFKDV
1R QRVVR GLD D GLD WDPE©P © I¡FLO SHUFHEHU GLYHUVDV GHVWDV DSOLFD§µHV
FRPR SRU H[HPSOR VXJHVW£R GH OLYURV QD $PD]RQ FRP RX GH ILOPHV QR
1HWIOL[ GHWHF§£R DXWRP¡WLFD GH H PDLOV VSDP SHOR *PDLO H OLJD§µHV GH
RSHUDGRUDV GH FDUW£R GH FU©GLWR SDUD FRQILUPDU WUDQVD§µHV VXVSHLWDV
&RPR YHUHPRV DR ORQJR GHVWH OLYUR RV SUREOHPDV GH 'DWD 6FLHQFH SRGHP
VHU DJUXSDGRV GH DFRUGR FRP VXDV FDUDFWHU-VWLFDV $V SULQFLSDLV FDWHJRULDV
GH SUREOHPDV TXH VHU£R DERUGDGRV QHVWH OLYUR V£R &ODVVLILFD§£R
5HJUHVV£R $JUXSDPHQWR H $VVRFLD§£R $ VHJXLU GHWDOKDUHPRV XP SRXFR
PDLV HVWHV WLSRV GH SUREOHPDV H DSUHVHQWDUHPRV DOJXQV H[HPSORV
8P W-SLFR SUREOHPD GH &ODVVLILFD§£R © GHWHF§£R GH FOLHQWHV FRP SHUILV
IUDXGXOHQWRV ,PDJLQH D VHJXLQWH VLWXD§£R XP GHWHUPLQDGR FOLHQWH GHVHMD
REWHU XP HPSU©VWLPR GH 5 2 JHVWRU GHVWH VLVWHPD SRGHULD VH
SHUJXQWDU 6HU¡ TXH HVWH FOLHQWH YDL SDJDU R HPSU©VWLPR" RX DLQGD 4XDO
© R PHOKRU PRGHOR GH ILQDQFLDPHQWR SDUD HVWH FOLHQWH MXURV SUD]R HWF "
(VWH © XP SUREOHPD W-SLFR GH &ODVVLILFD§£R SRLV GHVHMD VH FODVVLILFDU XP
FOLHQWH HP XPD GDV SRVV-YHLV FODVVHV GR SUREOHPD SRU H[HPSOR ERP
SDJDGRU PDX SDJDGRU RX MXURV SUD]R RXWURV
-¡ R SUREOHPD GH 5HJUHVV£R © SDUHFLGR FRP R GH &ODVVLILFD§£R FRP D
GLIHUHQ§D GH TXH HP YH] GR REMHWLYR VHU GHWHUPLQDU XPD FODVVH WHQWD VH
SUHYHU XP YDORU HVWLPDGR 8P H[HPSOR GH SUREOHPD GH 5HJUHVV£R © D
SUHGL§£R GR YDORU HVWLPDGR GDV YHQGDV HP XPD QRYD ILOLDO GH XPD
GHWHUPLQDGD FDGHLD GH ORMDV 6H HVWD SHUJXQWD IRU PDSHDGD HP XP SUREOHPD
GH &ODVVLILFD§£R DV UHVSRVWDV SRVV-YHLV SRGHULDP VHU $OWR 0©GLR %DL[R
6H PDSHDGD HP XP SUREOHPD GH 5HJUHVV£R DV UHVSRVWDV SRGHULDP VHU
YDORUHV PRQHW¡ULRV
2XWUD FODVVH GH SUREOHPDV TXH HVWXGDUHPRV QHVWH OLYUR © R SUREOHPD GH
$VVRFLD§£R TXH SRGH VHU H[HPSOLILFDGR SHOD RIHUWD GH QRYRV VHUYL§RV H
SURGXWRV D FOLHQWHV 3RU H[HPSOR HP XP VLVWHPD GH H FRPPHUFH
SRGHU-DPRV QRV SHUJXQWDU 4XHP REVHUYD HVVH SURGXWR WHP LQWHUHVVH HP
YHU TXDO RXWUR" RX DLQGD 4XHP REVHUYD HVVH SURGXWR FRVWXPD FRPSUDU
TXDO RXWUR"
)LQDOPHQWH DERUGDUHPRV R SUREOHPD GH $JUXSDPHQWR RX &OXVWHUL]D§£R
TXH WHP R REMHWLYR GH DJUXSDU RV GDGRV GH LQWHUHVVH 3RU H[HPSOR VH
TXLV©VVHPRV GHWHUPLQDU ORFDOLGDGHV SURPLVVRUDV SDUD DEHUWXUD GH QRYDV
ILOLDLV GH XPD ORMD 2V EDLUURV GH XPD FLGDGH SRGHULDP VHU DJUXSDGRV HP
ORFDOLGDGHV PDLV RX PHQRV SURPLVVRUDV
'DGRV [ LQIRUPD§£R [ FRQKHFLPHQWR
‰ LPSRUWDQWH REVHUYDU TXH HP SUREOHPDV GH 'DWD 6FLHQFH R YDORU GRV
GDGRV DUPD]HQDGRV HVW¡ GLUHWDPHQWH OLJDGR FDSDFLGDGH GH VH H[WUDLU
FRQKHFLPHQWR GH DOWR Q-YHO D SDUWLU GHOHV RX VHMD JHUDU D SDUWLU GRV GDGRV
EUXWRV LQIRUPD§£R ºWLO SDUD WRPDGD GH GHFLV£R FRQKHFLPHQWR 8PD GDV
HWDSDV TXH PDLV DJUHJD YDORU © R SURFHVVR FRQKHFLGR FRPR .QRZOHGJH
'LVFRYHU\ LQ 'DWDEDVHV .'' RX 'HVFREHUWD GH &RQKHFLPHQWR HP
%DVHV GH 'DGRV TXH FRQVLVWH HP WUDQVIRUPDU GDGRV EUXWRV HP LQIRUPD§µHV
ºWHLV JHUDQGR FRQKHFLPHQWR SDUD D RUJDQL]D§£R 3DUD WDO V£R FRPXPHQWH
XWLOL]DGRV VLVWHPDV GH DSRLR GHFLV£R TXH DX[LOLDP RV XVX¡ULRV QD WRPDGD
GH GHFLV£R
.'' SRGH VHU GHILQLGR FRPR 8P SURFHVVR GH Y¡ULDV HWDSDV Q£R WULYLDO
LQWHUDWLYR H LWHUDWLYR SDUD LGHQWLILFD§£R GH SDGUµHV FRPSUHHQV-YHLV
Y¡OLGRV QRYRV H SRWHQFLDOPHQWH ºWHLV D SDUWLU GH JUDQGHV FRQMXQWRV GH
GDGRV )$<<$' HW DO (VWD GHILQL§£R PRVWUD TXH D GHVFREHUWD GH
FRQKHFLPHQWR © XP SURFHVVR FRPSOH[R H FRPSRVWR GH Y¡ULDV HWDSDV TXH
QHFHVVLWD GR HQYROYLPHQWR GH DWRUHV FRPR R DQDOLVWD GH GDGRV SDUD
FRQVWUXLU PRGHORV H R HVSHFLDOLVWD GH GRP-QLR SDUD LQWHUSUHWDU RV
UHVXOWDGRV 3DUD WDO DVVXPH VH FRPR SUHPLVVD TXH K¡ XP FRQMXQWR GH
GDGRV WDPE©P FKDPDGR GH GDWDVHW TXH SRGH HQYROYHU Q DWULEXWRV
WDPE©P FKDPDGRV GH FDPSRV FROXQDV YDUL¡YHLV UHSUHVHQWDQGR R
KLSHUHVSD§R 4XDQWR PDLRU R YDORU GH Q H R QºPHUR GH UHJLVWURV WDPE©P
FKDPDGRV GH OLQKDV WUDQVD§µHV H[HPSORV LQVW¢QFLDV PDLRU R FRQMXQWR GH
GDGRV D VHU DQDOLVDGR H JHUDOPHQWH PDLRU © D VXD FRPSOH[LGDGH
(P .'' SRGH VH GLYLGLU R SURFHVVR GH FRQVWUX§£R GRV PRGHORV HP GXDV
JUDQGHV HWDSDV TXH V£R FRQKHFLGDV SRU GLYHUVRV QRPHV QD OLWHUDWXUD
&RVWXPD VH GL]HU TXH VH HVW¡ DSUHQGHQGR RX HQW£R WUHLQDQGR FRQVWUXLQGR
IRUPXODQGR LQGX]LQGR XP PRGHOR GH FRQKHFLPHQWR D SDUWLU GH XP
FRQMXQWR GH GDGRV TXDQGR VH SURFXUD SRU SDGUµHV QHVWHV GDGRV HP JHUDO
XWLOL]DQGR VH XP RX PDLV DOJRULWPRV GH 'DWD 0LQLQJ )LQDOPHQWH TXDQGR
VH ID] XPD HVWLPDWLYD RX HQW£R WHVWH SUHGL§£R GRV YDORUHV GHVFRQKHFLGRV
SDUD DWULEXWRV GR FRQMXQWR GH GDGRV GL] VH TXH R PRGHOR HVW¡ VHQGR
DSOLFDGR
8WLOL]DQGR R H[HPSOR TXH XWLOL]DPRV SDUD LOXVWUDU SUREOHPDV GH
FODVVLILFD§£R VXSRQKD TXH WHPRV XPD EDVH KLVW³ULFD GH FOLHQWHV H VXDV
FDUDFWHU-VWLFDV FRPR LGDGH UHQGD HVWDGR FLYLO YDORU VROLFLWDGR GR
HPSU©VWLPR H VH SDJRX RX Q£R R HPSU©VWLPR (VVHV GDGRV V£R GLWRV
URWXODGRV SRUTXH FRQWªP D LQIRUPD§£R GD FODVVH TXH FDGD FOLHQWH SHUWHQFH
ERP SDJDGRU PDX SDJDGRU H V£R XVDGRV SDUD D FRQVWUX§£R GR PRGHOR $
SDUWLU GR PRPHQWR QRYRV FOLHQWHV VROLFLWDUHP XP HPSU©VWLPR SRGHPRV
XWLOL]DU R PRGHOR FRQVWUX-GR FRP RV GDGRV URWXODGRV SDUD SUHYHU VH FDGD
QRYR FOLHQWH VHU¡ ERP RX PDX SDJDGRU H DVVLP DSRLDU D GHFLV£R GR JHVWRU
3RUWDQWR SRGH VH GL]HU TXH D SULQFLSDO HWDSD GR SURFHVVR GH .'' © R
DSUHQGL]DGR RX VHMD D EXVFD HIHWLYD SRU FRQKHFLPHQWRV QRYRV H ºWHLV D
SDUWLU GRV GDGRV ‰ LPSRUWDQWH UHVVDOWDU TXH WRGR SURFHVVR GH .'' GHYH VHU
QRUWHDGR SRU REMHWLYRV FODURV 'HYH VH GHILQLU SUHYLDPHQWH D WDUHID D VHU
H[HFXWDGD H D H[SHFWDWLYD GRV FRQKHFHGRUHV GR GRP-QLR SRU H[HPSOR WD[D
GH HUUR DFHLW¡YHO QHFHVVLGDGH GH R PRGHOR VHU WUDQVSDUHQWH SDUD RV
HVSHFLDOLVWDV QDWXUH]D GDV YDUL¡YHLV HQYROYLGDV HWF (VWH DSUHQGL]DGR
SRGH VHU HVVHQFLDOPHQWH GH GRLV WLSRV VXSHUYLVLRQDGR TXDQGR R PRGHOR GH
FRQKHFLPHQWR © FRQVWUX-GR D SDUWLU GRV GDGRV DSUHVHQWDGRV QD IRUPD GH
SDUHV RUGHQDGRV HQWUDGD VD-GD GHVHMDGD H Q£R VXSHUYLVLRQDGR TXDQGR
Q£R H[LVWH D LQIRUPD§£R GD VD-GD GHVHMDGD H R SURFHVVR GH DSUHQGL]DGR
EDQFRV GH GDGRV FRP D ILQDOLGDGH GH SUHSDU¡ ORV SDUD RV PRGHORV TXH
VHU£R FRQVWUX-GRV IXWXUDPHQWH &KHJDPRV WHUFHLUD HWDSD TXH VHU¡ PHOKRU
GHWDOKDGD QR FDS-WXOR GHVWH OLYUR RQGH V£R UHDOL]DGDV DV DWLYLGDGHV GH
SU© SURFHVVDPHQWR GRV GDGRV (VVD © D HWDSD PDLV GHPRUDGD H WUDEDOKRVD
GR SURMHWR GH 'DWD 6FLHQFH H HVWLPD VH TXH FRQVXPD SHOR PHQRV GR
WHPSR WRWDO GR SURMHWR 1HVWD HWDSD SRGH VHU QHFHVV¡ULR UHPRYHU RX
FRPSOHPHQWDU GDGRV IDOWDQWHV FRUULJLU RX DPHQL]DU GDGRV GLVFUHSDQWHV
RXWOLHUV H GHVEDODQFHDPHQWR HQWUH FODVVHV H VHOHFLRQDU DV YDUL¡YHLV H
LQVW¢QFLDV PDLV DGHTXDGDV SDUD FRPSRU R V PRGHOR V TXH VHU£R
FRQVWUX-GRV QD HWDSD VHJXLQWH
$ TXDUWD HWDSD FRQVLVWH HP HOHQFDU RV PRGHORV SRVV-YHLV H SDVV-YHLV SDUD
FDGD WLSR GH SUREOHPD HVWLPDU RV SDU¢PHWURV TXH FRPSµHP RV PRGHORV
EDVHDQGR VH QDV LQVW¢QFLDV H YDUL¡YHLV SU© SURFHVVDGDV QD HWDSD DQWHULRU H
DYDOLDU RV UHVXOWDGRV GH FDGD PRGHOR XVDQGR P©WULFDV H XP SURFHVVR MXVWR
GH FRPSDUD§£R $ VHJXLU QD TXLQWD HWDSD V£R UHDOL]DGDV DV DWLYLGDGHV GH
S³V SURFHVVDPHQWR GHYH VH FRPELQDU DV KHXU-VWLFDV GH QHJ³FLR FRP RV
PRGHORV DMXVWDGRV QD HWDSD GH DQWHULRU H ID]HU XPD DYDOLD§£R ILQDO WHQGR
HP YLVWD RV SRQWRV IRUWHV H GLILFXOGDGHV HQFRQWUDGDV QD LPSOHPHQWD§£R GH
FDGD XP GRV PRGHORV $ TXDUWD H D TXLQWD HWDSDV VHU£R GHWDOKDGDV QRV
FDS-WXORV H GHVWH OLYUR
&KHJD VH HQW£R VH[WD HWDSD 1HOD UHFRPHQGD VH UHODWDU D PHWRGRORJLD
DGRWDGD SDUD HQGHUH§DU D VROX§£R DV GHPDQGDV GRV JHVWRUHV FRPSDUDU RV
UHVXOWDGRV GR PHOKRU PRGHOR FRP R EHQFKPDUN DWXDO FDVR KDMD H SODQHMDU
RV SDVVRV SDUD D LPSOHPHQWD§£R GD VROX§£R GH SURSRVWD )LQDOPHQWH QD
V©WLPD H ºOWLPD HWDSD EXVFD VH D JHUD§£R GH YDORU DR HPSUHHQGLPHQWR
WDQWR TXDOLWDWLYDPHQWH SRU H[HPSOR OLVWDU RV JDQKRV RSHUDFLRQDLV H GH
UHFXUVRV KXPDQRV TXDQWR TXDQWLWDWLYDPHQWH SRU H[HPSOR FDOFXODQGR R
52, 5HWXUQ RQ ,QYHVWPHQW
‰ LPSRUWDQWH UHVVDOWDU TXH SRU PDLV TXH VH IDOH HP 'DWD 6FLHQFH HP WHPDV
FRPR 0DFKLQH /HDUQLQJ H ,QWHOLJªQFLD $UWLILFLDO R SDSHO GR VHU KXPDQR ©
IXQGDPHQWDO QD IRUPXOD§£R GRV REMHWLYRV QD HVFROKD GH W©FQLFDV GH SU©
SURFHVVDPHQWR GH GDGRV H DOJRULWPRV XWLOL]DGRV QD SDUDPHWUL]D§£R GRV
DOJRULWPRV SDUD D FRQVWUX§£R GRV PRGHORV VHPSUH XVDQGR D VXD
H[SHULªQFLD FRQKHFLPHQWR H LQWXL§£R SDUD WRPDU DV PHOKRUHV GHFLVµHV 1R
SURFHVVR GH 'DWD 6FLHQFH K¡ XP TXª GH DUWH XPD YH] TXH Q£R H[LVWH
XPD UHFHLWD GH EROR SDUD FDGD XP GRV SUREOHPDV D UHVROYHU PDV ©
SULPRUGLDO XWLOL]DUPRV D FLªQFLD SDUD WUDWDU DV LQFHUWH]DV HQFRQWUDGDV DR
ORQJR GR SURFHVVR H GHILQLU RV PHOKRUHV P©WRGRV SDUD XWLOL]DU
5HIHUªQFLDV ELEOLRJU¡ILFDV GR FDS-WXOR
'202 '202 'DWD 1HYHU 6OHHSV 'LVSRQ-YHO HP
KWWSV ZZZ GRPR FRP OHDUQ GDWD QHYHU VOHHSV $FHVVR HP GH PDU§R
GH
'202 '202 'DWD 1HYHU 6OHHSV 'LVSRQ-YHO HP
KWWSV ZZZ GRPR FRP OHDUQ GDWD QHYHU VOHHSV $FHVVR HP GH PDU§R
GH
(0& (0& 'LJLWDO 8QLYHUVH ZLWK 5HVHDUFK $QDO\VLV E\ ,'&
'LVSRQ-YHO HP KWWSV ZZZ HPF FRP OHDGHUVKLS GLJLWDO
XQLYHUVH LYLHZ H[HFXWLYH VXPPDU\ KWP $FHVVR HP GH PDU§R GH
)$<<$' HW DO )D\\DG 8VDPD *UHJRU\ 3LDWHWVN\ 6KDSLUR H
3DGKUDLF 6P\WK )URP GDWD PLQLQJ WR NQRZOHGJH GLVFRYHU\ LQ GDWDEDVHV
$, PDJD]LQH