Introduction to Computers
A computer is an electronic device that takes input (data), processes it, and produces
output (information). It works on the principle of Input → Process → Output (IPO).
Computers are widely used in education, businesses, communication, research, and daily
life because they are fast, accurate, and reliable.
Understanding What a Computer Is
• A computer is a combination of hardware (physical parts) and software
(programs/instructions).
• Hardware performs the actual work, while software gives instructions to the
hardware.
• Computers help in typing, calculations, data storage, communication, internet
access, games, and multimedia activities.
Basic Components of a Computer
1. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• Known as the “brain of the computer.”
• Performs all data processing and controls the
working of other components.
• Divided into:
o ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Handles
mathematical and logical operations.
o CU (Control Unit): Directs operations
within the system.
o Memory Unit: Stores data temporarily for processing.
2. Monitor
• An output device, also called a VDU
(Visual Display Unit).
• Displays text, images, and videos to the
user.
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3. Keyboard
• An input device with keys for letters, numbers, and
functions.
• Used for typing and sending commands to the
computer.
4. Mouse
• A pointing device for controlling cursor movement.
• Helps in selecting, clicking, and dragging objects on the
screen.
5. Other Peripherals
• Printer: Produces paper output (hard copy).
• Scanner: Converts paper documents into digital format.
• Speakers & Microphone: Used for audio output and voice input.
• External storage devices (Pen Drive, Hard Disk, CD/DVD): For storing and
transferring data.
✅ Conclusion:
A computer is a powerful electronic machine made of different components that work
together. Input devices allow us to give data, the CPU processes it, and output devices
show results. Along with peripherals, these parts make computers versatile and useful in
almost every field.
