Data Analysis Detailed Notes
Introduction to Data Analysis
Data Analysis is the process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to discover
useful insights.
Type Description Example
Descriptive What happened? Monthly sales report
Diagnostic Why it happened? Sales dropped due to price increase
Predictive What might happen? Forecasting next month's sales
Prescriptive What should be done? Reduce price to boost sales
Data Analysis Workflow
1. Data Collection → From surveys, databases, Excel, APIs
2. Data Cleaning → Remove errors, duplicates, missing values
3. Data Exploration → Find trends, anomalies, correlations
4. Data Visualization → Create charts, dashboards
5. Reporting → Present insights to stakeholders
Common Tools for Data Analysis
Tool Purpose Example Usage
Excel Basic analysis, small datasets Pivot Tables, Charts
SQL Database querying Extract customer data
Python Advanced analysis, automation Pandas, Numpy, Matplotlib
Power BI/Tableau Visualization & Dashboards Interactive KPI reports
Mini Projects for Practice
1. Sales Analysis – Find top-selling products & monthly trends.
2. Marketing Campaign – Measure effectiveness of ads.
3. HR Data – Analyze employee attrition rates.
4. Finance – Compare revenue vs. expenses over time.
