1.
ifconfig (Interface Configuration)
• Used to configure and display network interfaces.
• Deprecated in favor of ip command.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install net-tools
Usage:
bash
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ifconfig # Show all network interfaces
ifconfig eth0 # Show details of a specific interface
2. iwconfig (Wireless Configuration)
• Used to configure wireless network interfaces.
• Displays information about wireless interfaces like SSID, mode, and signal strength.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install wireless-tools
Usage:
bash
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iwconfig wlan0 # Show wireless configuration
sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyNetwork" # Set SSID
3. ethtool (Ethernet Configuration)
• Used for querying and controlling network device parameters.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install ethtool
Usage:
bash
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ethtool eth0 # Display network statistics
ethtool -s eth0 autoneg on # Enable auto-negotiation
4. arpwatch (Monitor ARP Traffic)
• Monitors ARP traffic and detects ARP spoofing.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install arpwatch
Usage:
bash
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sudo arpwatch -i eth0
5. bmon (Bandwidth Monitor)
• Real-time network bandwidth monitoring tool.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install bmon
Usage:
bash
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bmon
6. telnet (Remote Login)
• Used to connect to a remote machine using Telnet protocol.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install telnet
Usage:
bash
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telnet example.com 80
7. ssh (Secure Shell)
• Secure remote login.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install openssh-client
Usage:
bash
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ssh user@remote-server
8. sendmail (Mail Transfer Agent)
• Used to send emails.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install sendmail
Usage:
bash
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echo "Test Email" | sendmail user@example.com
9. mailstats (Mail Statistics)
• Displays statistics of mail server usage.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install sendmail
Usage:
bash
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mailstats
10. w (Show Logged-in Users)
• Displays a list of currently logged-in users.
Usage:
bash
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11. cURL (Transfer Data from URLs)
• Command-line tool to transfer data using various protocols.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install curl
Usage:
bash
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curl http://example.com
curl -O http://example.com/file.zip
12. wget (Download Files)
• Non-interactive command-line downloader.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install wget
Usage:
bash
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wget http://example.com/file.zip
13. ftp (File Transfer Protocol)
• Used to transfer files to/from a remote server.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install ftp
Usage:
bash
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ftp example.com
14. rcp (Remote Copy)
• Used to copy files between hosts.
Usage:
bash
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rcp file.txt user@remote:/path/to/destination
15. scp (Secure Copy)
• Secure file copy between hosts.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install openssh-client
Usage:
bash
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scp file.txt user@remote:/path/to/destination
16. rsync (Remote Sync)
• Sync files and directories between two locations.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install rsync
Usage:
bash
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rsync -av source/ destination/
17. sftp (Secure FTP)
• Secure file transfer using SSH.
Usage:
bash
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sftp user@remote
18. netstat (Network Statistics)
• Displays active connections and listening ports.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install net-tools
Usage:
bash
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netstat -tulnp
19. ping (Test Network Connectivity)
• Used to check network connectivity and latency.
Usage:
bash
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ping google.com
20. traceroute (Trace Network Path)
• Displays the route packets take to a destination.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install traceroute
Usage:
bash
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traceroute google.com
21. iftop (Live Network Monitoring)
• Shows real-time bandwidth usage per connection.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install iftop
Usage:
bash
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sudo iftop
22. nload (Network Bandwidth Usage)
• Graphical network usage monitoring.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install nload
Usage:
bash
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nload
23. ss (Socket Statistics)
• Shows detailed information on network connections.
Usage:
bash
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ss -tulnp
24. tcpdump (Packet Capture)
• Captures network packets.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install tcpdump
Usage:
bash
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sudo tcpdump -i eth0
25. dstat (System Performance Monitoring)
• Displays CPU, disk, and network statistics in real-time.
Installation:
bash
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sudo apt install dstat
Usage:
bash
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dstat
