A Technical Report on C++
Dr.Rasha Osman
Name: Abdrhman Mohamed Ahmed Negm
ID: 42023126
Group Number: 6
1. Introduction
C++ is a high-performance,
general-purpose programming
language widely recognized for its
speed, efficiency, and flexibility.
Created as an extension of the C
programming language, C++
incorporates object-oriented
programming features, making it
suitable for building large-scale
applications such as operating
systems, game engines, real-time
simulations, and complex
enterprise systems. Its
combination of low-level memory
manipulation and high-level
abstractions allows developers to
optimize their programs for
performance while maintaining
code readability and reusability.
Over the years, C++ has evolved
through several standards,
becoming one of the most
versatile and powerful languages
in the software development
world.
Moreover, C++ supports multiple
programming paradigms such as
procedural, object-oriented, and
generic programming. This multi-
paradigm nature provides
developers with a high degree of
control and flexibility, enabling
them to solve a wide variety of
programming problems
effectively. C++ is also well-known
for its performance in system-
level programming and its use in
embedded systems, device
drivers, and high-frequency
trading platforms.
2. History and Evolution of C++
a) The development of C++ began
in 1979 by Bjarne Stroustrup at
Bell Laboratories. Originally called
“C with Classes,” it was designed
to add object-oriented features to
the C language. The first
commercial release of C++
occurred in 1985, along with the
publication of The C++
Programming Language, a seminal
text by Stroustrup.
b) The language underwent
several updates, each adding new
features and improving the
language’s capabilities. Significant
milestones in the evolution of C++
include:
c) C++98 and C++03: Standardized
the language and introduced
templates, exceptions, and the
Standard Template Library (STL).
These early standards laid the
foundation for modern C++,
providing a robust syntax and
semantics that could support
complex software development.
The inclusion of templates
enabled generic programming,
allowing code to be written in a
reusable and type-safe manner.
Exception handling introduced
mechanisms for robust error
detection and handling.
d) C++11: Introduced a wide range
of features including auto
keyword, range-based for loops,
lambda expressions, smart
pointers, move semantics, and
multithreading support. These
additions significantly improved
both performance and developer
productivity.
e) C++14 and C++17: Offered
smaller improvements, including
relaxed constexpr restrictions,
structured bindings, and
enhanced standard library
utilities. These standards helped
refine and polish the features
introduced in C++11.
f) C++20: Marked another
significant step, bringing concepts
(for better template constraints),
ranges, coroutines, modules, and
improved compile-time
programming capabilities. These
changes made the language more
powerful and expressive, while
also enhancing compile-time
safety and efficiency.
g) C++23 and beyond: The ongoing
evolution of C++ focuses on
improving language safety,
reducing boilerplate, and enabling
modern software development
practices. Future updates aim to
introduce better tooling,
diagnostics, and language features
that facilitate both novice and
expert developers.
