Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya

INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: Mech 3-N93/N94-1S-2025-026

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Bayombong Campus

DEGREE BSABE COURSE NO. Mech 3-B

PROGRAM
SPECIALIZATION COURSE TITLE Strength of Materials
YEAR LEVEL 3 TIME FRAME 12hrs WK NO. 1- IM 1
3 NO.

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

Chapter I- Different Types of Stresses Due to External Forces

II. LESSON TITLE

Normal Stresses, Bearing Stresses & Shearing Stresses, stress on an oblique plane under axial loading
& Design Considerations
III. LESSON OVERVIEW
This lesson deals with the basic concepts of stresses which includes normal stress, bearing
stress, and shearing stress. It involves determination of stress develop due to the load acting on each
structural element, and computation of the cross-sectional area of structural elements. This also includes
stress on an oblique plane under axial loading and design considerations.

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

The students must be able to:
1. define normal stress, bearing stress and shearing stress;
2. apply mathematics and principles of statics in problem solving;
3. determine stress develop in a structural element due to load acting on it; and
4. compute the cross-sectional area of structural elements

V. LESSON CONTENT

CONCEPT OF STRESS

Stress is defined as the strength of a material per unit area of unit strength. It is the force on a member
divided by the area, which carries the force. Express in psi, or in N/mm 2 (MPa).

P
 =
A

where P is the applied normal load and A is the area. The maximum stress in tension or compression
occurs over a section normal to the load.

Normal Stress

Normal stress is either tensile stress or compressive stress. Members subject to pure tension (or
ensile force) is under tensile stress, while compression members (members subject to compressive
force) are under compressive stress.
Compressive force will tend to shorten the member. Tension force on the other hand will tend to
lengthen the member.

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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Figure 1.1

Example 1
A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100mm must carry a tensile load of 400kN. Determine the outside
diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to 120MN/m2

Figure 1.2

Given

P = 400kN

𝜎 = 120𝑀𝑁/𝑚2

𝜋𝐷 2 𝜋1002
𝐴= −
4 4

Solution

𝑃 = 𝜎𝐴

𝜋𝐷2 𝜋1002
400,000N = 120N/mm2 ( − )
4 4

D = 119.35mm

Example 2.

Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown. Knowing that
d1 = 30 mm and d2 = 50 mm, find the average normal stress in the midsection of (a) rod AB, (b) rod
BC.

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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Figure 1.3

Required: Normal Stress at the midsection of rod AB and Rod BC

Solution

For rod AB

Draw FBD at the midsection of rod AB (a-a)

Figure 1.3a

𝜎𝐴𝐵= 𝑃𝑚𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐴𝐵

60,000
𝜎𝐴𝐵 =
𝜋(30)2
4
𝜎𝐴𝐵 = 85𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

For rod BC

Draw FBD at the midsection of rod BC (b-b)

Figure 1.3b

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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+→ ∑ 𝐹𝑥 = 0

125 ∗ 2 − 𝑃𝑚𝐵𝐶 − 60 = 0

PmBC = 190kN

𝜎𝐵𝐶= 𝑃𝑚𝐵𝐶
𝐴𝐵𝐶

190,000
𝜎𝐵𝐶 =
𝜋(50)2
4
𝜎𝐵𝐶 = 96.77𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

Example 3

Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown in Figure 1.3.
Knowing that the average normal stress must not exceed 150 MPa in either rod, determine the
smallest allowable values of the diameters d 1 and d2 ?

Given
From example 2
PmAB = 60kN
PmBC = 190kN

Required: Diameter of rod AB and rod BC if the stress is limited to 150MPa

Solution

For rod AB
𝜎 𝑃
𝐴𝐵= 𝐴𝑚𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐵
150𝑁 60,000
=
𝑚𝑚 2 𝜋(𝑑𝑎𝑏 )2
4
60,000 ∗ 4
𝑑𝑎𝑏 = √
𝜋 ∗ 150
dab = 22.57mm

For rod BC
𝜎 𝑃𝑚𝐵𝐶
𝐵𝐶= 𝐴
𝐵𝐶
150𝑁 190,000
=
𝑚𝑚2 𝜋(𝑑𝑏𝑐 )2
4
190,000 ∗ 4
𝑑𝑏𝑐 = √
𝜋 ∗ 150
Dbc =40.16mm

Example 4

Link BD consists of a single bar 30 mm wide and 12 mm thick. Knowing that each pin has a 10 mm
diameter, determine the maximum value of the average normal stress in link BD if (a) θ = 0°, (b) θ =
90°. (Figure 1.4)

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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Figure 1.4

Solution

Draw free body diagram

Figure 1.4a

+ ∑ MA = 0
a) At θ = 0
-0.300 x Cos30x FBD +0.450 x Sin30 x 20x 103 = 0
0.300 x Cos30x FBD= 0.450 x Sin30 x 20x 103
FBD= 17320.51N (T)
b) At θ = 90
-0.300 x Cos30x FBD- 0.450 x Cos30 x 20x 103 = 0
10.300 x Cos30x FBD= 0.450 x Sin30 x 20x 103
FBD= -30,000N (C)
FBD= 30,000N (C)
Areas
For tension loading; At = (WBD –Dpin)TBD = (0.030-0.010)(0.012) = 240 x 10-6m2
For compression loading; Ac = WBD (TBD) = 0.030 x 0.012 = 360 x 10-6m2
Stress
FBDt 17.32 x 103
a) σt = =
ABDt 240 x 10−6
σt = 72.17MPa
FBDc 30 x 103
b) σc = =
ABDc 360 x 10−6

σc = 83.33MPa

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: Mech 3-N93/N94-1S-2025-026
Example 5

For the Pratt bridge truss and loading shown, determine the average normal stress in member AB,
knowing that the cross-sectional area of that member is 5.57 in2.

Figure 1.5

Solution

Draw FBD of the whole Pratt Bridge Truss

Figure 1.5a

+ ∑ MA = 0

36Ay – 80x 27 – 80x18 – 80x9 = 0

Ay = 120Kips

Draw FBD at point A of Pratt Bridge Truss

Figure 1.5b

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: Mech 3-N93/N94-1S-2025-026
+ ↑ ∑ Fy = 0
Ay – (4/5) FAB = 0
120- (4/5)FAB = 0
FAB = 120x5/4
FAB = 150Kips
Determine the normal stress in member AB
FAB 150Kips
σAB = =
AAB 5.57in2
σAB = 26.93Ksi

Example 6

Knowing that the average normal stress in member AC of the Pratt bridge truss shown in Figure 1.5
must not exceed 21 ksi for the given loading, determine the cross-sectional area of that member
which will yield the most economical and safe design. Assume that both ends of the member will be
adequately reinforced.

Given
From example 5
FAB = 150Kips
Required: Cross-sectional area in member AC of the Pratt bridge truss if Normal Stress must not exceed
21Ksi
Solution
Using Figure 1.5b

+ ↑ ∑ Fx = 0
FAC – (3/5) FAB = 0
FAC- (3/5)150 = 0
FAC = 90kips

Determine the cross-sectional area of member AB Pratt bridge truss

FAC 90Kips
σAC = =
AAC AAC

90Kips
21 =
AAC

90
AAC =
21

AAC = 4.29in2

Shearing Stress

Forces parallel to the area resisting the force cause shearing stress. It differs to tensile and
compressive stresses, which are caused by forces perpendicular to the area on which they act.
Shearing stress is also known as tangential stress.

V
=
A

where is the resultant shearing force which passes through the centroid of the area being
sheared.

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Figure 1.6

Example 7

Determine the diameter of the largest circular hole that can be punched into a sheet of polystyrene 6
mm thick, knowing that the force exerted by the punch is 45 kN and that a 55 MPa average shearing
stress is required to cause the material to fail.

Given
Thickness of the plate, t = 6mm
Punch, P = 45kN
Required: Largest circular hole that can be punch if shearing stress = 55MPa

Solution
𝑉
𝜏=
𝐴

45 𝑥 1000𝑁
55𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 =
𝜋𝐷(6𝑚𝑚)

D = 43.41mm

Example 8

Figure 1.7

Given
Diameter of hole = 0.6in
Shearing stress for steel rod = 18Ksi
Shearing stress for the aluminum plate = 10Ksi

Required:
Largest Load P that may be applied in the rod
Solution:
Determine P considering steel rod
𝑃
𝜏𝑠 =
𝜋𝑑𝑠𝑟 𝑡𝑠ℎ𝑟

𝑃
18𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑠/𝑖𝑛2 =
𝜋∗0.60𝑖𝑛∗0.40𝑖𝑛
P = 18Kips/in2*𝜋*0.60in * 0.40in
P = 13.57Kips
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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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Determine P considering aluminum plate

𝑃
𝜏𝑎 =
𝜋𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑟 𝑡𝑎
𝑃 = 𝜏𝑎 𝜋𝑑𝑠ℎ𝑟 𝑡𝑎

10𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝑃= ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 1.6𝑖𝑛 ∗ 0.25𝑖𝑛
𝑖𝑛2

P = 12.57Kips

Analysis: if we choose P = 13.57 kips, steel rod is safe but aluminum will fail, on the other hand
if we choose P = 12.57Kips, the aluminum is safe, likewise steel rod is safe since P for steel rod =
13.57Kips is greater than P for aluminum = 12.57Kips

Conclusion: Maximum P is equal to 12.57Kips

Example 9
7
Two wooden planks, each in. thick and 6 in. wide, are joined by the glued mortise joint shown. Knowing
8
that the joint will fail when the average shearing stress in the glue reaches 120 psi, determine the smallest
allowable length d of the cuts if the joint is to withstand an axial load of magnitude P = 1200lb.

Figure 1.8
Given
Thickness of wooden plank, tp = 7/8in
Shearing stress, 𝜏 = 120psi
Axial load, P = V = 1200lb
Required
Smallest allowable length d of the cuts
Solution
𝑃
𝜏=
7 ∗ 𝑡𝑝 ∗ 𝑑

1200𝑙𝑏
120𝑙𝑏/𝑖𝑛2 =
7
7 ∗ ( ) 𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝑑
8
d = 1.63in

Bearing Stress

Bearing stress is the contact pressure between the separate bodies. It differs from compressive
stress, as it is an internal stress caused by compressive forces.

Pb
b =
Ab

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Figure 1.9

Example 9

The axial force in the column supporting the timber beam shown is P = 75 kN. Determine the smallest
allowable length L of the bearing plate if the bearing stress in the timber is not to exceed 3.0 MPa.

Figure 1.10
Given
Axial Force, P = 75kN
Required: Smallest allowable length L of the bearing plate if the stress in the timber is not to exceed
3.0MPa

Solution
𝑃 𝑃𝑏
𝜎𝑏 = 𝑏 =
𝐴𝑏 140𝐿

75 ∗ 1000𝑁
3𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 =
140𝐿
L = 178.57mm

Example 10

1
Link AB, of width b = 2 in. and thickness t = in., is used to support the end of a horizontal beam.
4
Knowing that the average normal stress in the link is – 20 ksi and the average shearing stress in each of the two
pins is 12 ksi, determine (a) the diameter d of the pins, (b) the average bearing stress in the link.

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Figure 1.11

Given
Width of link AB, b = 2in.
Thickness of link AB, t = 1/4in
Normal Stress for the link, 𝜎𝐴𝐵 = 20ksi
Shearing Stress for the pin,𝜏𝑝 = 12ksi

Required: Diameter of the pin and average bearing stress of the link AB

Solutions
Determine load P, using normal stress of the link AB (-20ksi) and the area normal to P (AAB)
20𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 1
P = -𝜎𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐴𝐵 = − ( 2 ) ∗ 2𝑖𝑛 ∗ ( )𝑖𝑛
𝑖𝑛 4
P= 10Kips

Determine the diameter of the pin, considering shearing stress

𝑃 𝑃
𝜏𝑝 = =
𝐴𝑝 𝜋𝑑𝑝 2
4
4𝑃
12 =
𝜋𝑑𝑝 2
4𝑃 4 ∗ 10
𝑑𝑝 = √ =√
12𝜋 12𝜋
𝑑𝑝 = 1.03𝑖𝑛
Determine bearing stress of link AB
𝑃
𝜎𝐴𝐵 =
𝑑𝑝 𝑡𝑙
10𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝜎𝐴𝐵 =
1.03𝑖𝑛 ∗ 0.25𝑖𝑛
𝜎𝐴𝐵 = 38.83𝑘𝑠𝑖

STRESS ON AN OBLIQUE PLANE UNDER AXIAL LOADING

Example 11

Two wooden members of 3 X 6-in, uniform rectangular cross section are joined by the simple glued
scarf splice shown. Knowing that P = 2400 lb, determine the normal and shearing stresses in the
glued splice.

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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Figure 1.12
Given
Width of the wooden member, w = 6in
Thickness of the wooden member, t = 3in
Axial Load, P = 2400lb
Required: Normal and shearing stress in the glued splice

Solution
Draw FDB

Figure 1.12a
Determine shearing load (Ps)
Ps = PCosØ
Determine shearing area (area parallel to Ps)

𝐴𝑠 = 𝐿𝑤, 𝐿 = 𝑡/𝑠𝑖𝑛∅
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑤𝑡/𝑠𝑖𝑛∅

Determine the shearing stress, 𝜏

𝑃𝑠 𝑃𝐶𝑜𝑠∅ 𝑃𝐶𝑜𝑠∅𝑆𝑖𝑛∅ 𝑆𝑖𝑛2∅ 𝑃𝑆𝑖𝑛2∅
𝜏= = = , 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠∅𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ = ; 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜏 =
𝐴𝑠 𝑤𝑡/𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝑤𝑡 2 2𝑤𝑡
2400𝑠𝑖𝑛80
𝜏=
2∗6∗3
𝜏 = 65.65𝑝𝑠𝑖
Determine normal load, Pn
Pn = PSinØ
Determine normal area (area perpendicular to Pn)
𝐴𝑛 = 𝐿𝑤, 𝐿 = 𝑡/𝑠𝑖𝑛∅
𝐴𝑛 = 𝑤𝑡/𝑠𝑖𝑛∅
Determine the shearing stress, 𝜏

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𝑃𝑛 𝑃𝑆𝑖𝑛∅ 𝑃𝑆𝑖𝑛∅𝑆𝑖𝑛∅ 𝑃𝑆𝑖𝑛2 ∅
𝜎𝑛 = = = =
𝐴𝑠 𝑤𝑡/𝑠𝑖𝑛∅ 𝑤𝑡 𝑤𝑡
2400(𝑠𝑖𝑛40)2
𝜎𝑛 =
6∗3
𝜎𝑛 = 55.09 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Example 12

Two wooden members of 3 X 6-in, uniform rectangular cross section are joined by the simple glued
scarf splice shown. Knowing that the maximum allowable shearing stress in the glued splice is 90 psi,
determine (a) the largest load P which can be safely applied, (b) the corresponding tensile stress in
the splice.

Given
Allowable shearing stress in the glued splice = 90psi
Dimension of the two wooden member; t= 3in , w = 6in

Required
Largest load P which can be safely applied and corresponding tensile stress in the splice

Solution
Determine the largest load P
𝑃𝑆𝑖𝑛2∅
𝜏=
2𝑤𝑡
2𝜏𝑤𝑡
𝑃=
𝑆𝑖𝑛2∅
2 ∗ 90 ∗ 6 ∗ 3
𝑃=
𝑆𝑖𝑛80
P = 3289.98lb
Determine corresponding tensile stress
𝑃𝑆𝑖𝑛2 ∅
𝜎𝑛 =
𝑤𝑡
3289.98(𝑠𝑖𝑛40)2
𝜎𝑛 =
6∗3
𝜎𝑛 = 75.52𝑝𝑠𝑖
Example 13

A centric load P is applied to the granite block shown. Knowing that the resulting maximum value
of the shearing stress in the block is 2.5 ksi, determine (a) the magnitude of P, (b) the orientation
of the surface on which the maximum shearing stress occurs, (c) the normal stress exerted on that
surface, (d) the maximum value of the normal stress in the block.

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Figure 1.13
Given
Shearing Stress: -2.5ksi
Dimension of the block; s= 6in
Solutions
a) Determine magnitude of P
For maximum shearing stress, ∅ = 45degrees

𝑃𝑆𝑖𝑛2∅
𝜏=
2𝑠 2
𝑃𝑆𝑖𝑛90
−2.5𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠/𝑖𝑛2 =
2(6)2
P = -180Kips
b) ) Determine the orientation of the surface on which the maximum shearing stress occurs,
Sin2∅ = 1; 2Ø = 90; Ø = 45degrees
c) the normal stress exerted on that surface,
𝑃𝑆𝑖𝑛2 ∅
𝜎45 =
𝑠2
−180𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠(𝑠𝑖𝑛45)2
𝜎45 =
6𝑖𝑛 ∗ 6𝑖𝑛
𝜎45 = −2.50𝑘𝑠𝑖, negative sign means the structure is subjected to compression

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Example 14

Three ¾ in. diameter steel bolts are to be used to attach the steel plate shown to a wooden beam.
Knowing that the plate will support a 24-kip load and that the ultimate shearing stress for the steel
used is 52 ksi, determine the factor of safety for this design.

Figure 1.14
Given
Diameter of steel bolts, db = 0.75in
Load ,P = 24kip
Ultimate shearing stress, 𝜏𝑢 = 52ksi
Required: Factor of safety
Solution
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Determine shearing area of steel bolts which will resist load P = 24kip (an area parallel to the load
P)
𝜋𝑑𝑏 2 3 ∗ 𝜋(0.75𝑖𝑛)2
𝐴𝑠 = 3 =
4 4
As = 1.325in2

Determine actual shearing stress, 𝜏𝑎

𝑃 24𝑘𝑖𝑝
𝜏𝑎 = = = 18.133𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝐴𝑠 1.325𝑖𝑛2
Determine the factor of safety

𝜏𝑢 51
𝐹𝑠 = = = 2.81
𝜏𝑎 18.133

Example 15

Member ABC, which is supported by a pin and bracket at C and a cable BD, was designed to
support the 4-kip load P as shown. Knowing that the ultimate load for cable BD is 25 kips, determine
the factor of safety with respect to cable failure.

Figure 1.15

Solution
Draw free body diagram

Figure 1.15a

Determine the actual force exerted by cable BD to carry external load P = 4kip
Applying principles of statics-equilibrium condition

+ ∑ 𝑀𝑐 = −𝑃𝐶𝑜𝑠40 ∗ 30 − 𝑃𝑆𝑖𝑛40 ∗ 15 + 𝐹𝐵𝐶 𝑆𝑖𝑛30 ∗ 12 + 𝐹𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝑜𝑠30 ∗ 15 = 0

+ ∑ 𝑀𝑐 = −4𝐶𝑜𝑠40 ∗ 30 − 4𝑆𝑖𝑛40 ∗ 15 + 𝐹𝐵𝐶 𝑆𝑖𝑛30 ∗ 12 + 𝐹𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝑜𝑠30 ∗ 15 = 0

FBC = 6.87kip

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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Determine factor of safety
𝑃𝑈𝐵𝐶 25𝑘𝑖𝑝
𝐹𝑠 = = = 3.64
𝐹𝐵𝐶 6.87𝑘𝑖𝑝

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Group Chat Discussion
Reading /problem solving

VII. EVALUATION
Quiz

VIII. ASSIGNMENT

Problem Set 1a - NORMAL STRESS

Answer the following problem. Use short bond paper with top and left margin of 1 ½” and bottom and right
margin of 1”. Deadline of Submission: Second week of August, 2025

Problem 1. Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown (Fig.
1.16). Knowing that d1 = 1.25 in. and d2 = 0.75 in., find the average normal stress in the midsection
of (a) rod AB, (b) rod BC.

Figure 1.16
Problem 2. Two solid cylindrical rods AB and BC are welded together at B and loaded as shown (Fig.
1.16). Knowing that the average normal stress must not exceed 25 ksi in either rod, determine the
smallest allowable values of the diameters d 1 and d2 ?

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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Problem 3. Each of the four vertical links has an 8 x 36 mm uniform rectangular cross section and
each of the four pins has a 16 mm diameter. Determine the maximum value of the average normal
stress in the links connecting (a) points B and D, (b) points C and E (Figure 1.17)

Figure 1.17

Problem 4. A couple M of magnitude 1500 N.m is applied to the crank of an engine. For the position shown (
Figure 1.17) , determine (a) the force P required to hold the engine system in equilibrium, (b) the average
normal stress in the connecting rod BC, which has a 450 mm2 uniform cross section.

Figure 1.17

Problem 5. For the truss and loading shown, determine the average normal stress in member DF, knowing that
the cross-sectional area of that member is 2500 mm2 ( Figure 1.18).

Figure 1.18

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Problem set No. 1b SHEARING STRESS; BEARING STRESS

Answer the following problem. Use short bond paper with top and left margin of 1 ½” and bottom and
right margin of 1”. Deadline of Submission: Third week of August 2025

Problem 1. Member B is subjected to a compressive force of 650 lb. If

A and B are both made of wood and are 3/8 in. thick, determine to the nearest ¼ in. the smallest
dimension d of the support so that the average shear stress along section C does not exceed τallow =
300 psi. ( Figure 1.19)

Figure 1.19

Problem 2 The wooden members A and B are to be joined by plywood splice plates which will be fully
glued in the surface in contact. As part of the design of the joint and knowing that the clearance between
the ends of the members is to be 8 mm, determine the smallest allowable length L if the average shearing
stress in the glued is not to exceed 800 kPa. (Figure 1.20)

Figure 1.20

Problem 3. The circular punch B exerts a force of 2 kN on the top of the plate A. Determine the
average shear stress in the plate due to this loading (Figure 1.21)

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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Figure 1.21

Problem 4. For the assembly and loading shown, determine (a) the average shearing stress in the pin at C,
(b) the average bearing stress at C in link CE, (c) the average bearing stress at C in member ABC, knowing
that this member has a 10 x 50 mm uniform rectangular cross section. Use 16 mm diameter for each pin or
bolt.( Figure 1.22)

Figure 1.22

Problem 5. A 40 kN axial load is applied to a short wooden post that is supported by a concrete
footing resting on undisturbed soil. Determine (a) the maximum bearing stress on the concrete
footing, (b) the size of the footing for which the average bearing stress in the soil is 145 kPa (Figure
1.23)

Figure 1.23
Problem Set 1c. STRESS ON AN OBLIQUE PLANE UNDER AXIAL LOADING & DESIGN
CONSIDERATIONS
Answer the following problem. Use short bond paper with top and left margin of 1 ½” and bottom and
right margin of 1”. Deadline of Submission: Fourth week of August 2025

Problem 1. The 6-kN load P is supported by two wooden members of 75 X 125-mm uniform
rectangular cross section that are joined by the simple glued scarf splice shown. Determine the normal
and shearing stresses in the glued splice ( Figure 1.24)

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INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
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Figure 1.24
Problem 2. Two wooden members of 75 X 125-mm uniform rectangular cross section are joined by
the simple glued scarf splice shown. Knowing that the maximum allowable tensile stress in the
glued splice is 500 kPa, determine (a) the largest load P which can be safely supported, (b) the
corresponding shearing stress in the splice (Figure 1.24).
Problem 3. A 240-kip load P is applied to the granite block shown. Determine the resulting
maximum value of (a) the normal stress, (b) the shearing stress. Specify the orientation of the plane
on which each of these maximum values occurs (Figure 1.25)

Figure 1.25
Problem 4. Three steel bolts are to be used to attach the steel plate shown to a wooden beam.
Knowing that the plate will support a 24-kip load, that the ultimate shearing stress for the steel
used is 52 ksi, and that a factor of safety of 3.37 is desired, determine the required diameter of the
bolts (Figure 1.26)

Figure 1.26
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Problem 5. Link BC is 6 mm thick, has a width w = 25 mm, and is made of a steel with a 480-MPa
ultimate strength in tension. What was the safety factor used if the structure shown was designed to
support a 16-kN load P?

Figure 1.27

IX. REFERENCES

1. Engineering Mechanics by Hibbeler, 12th Edition.

2. Internets

Prepared by
SONY P. AQUINO
Professor V

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