Abstract: The main objectives of this project is to detect the presence of objects
and the provide the precise location of it representing these on a visual screen
with an alarming system .This project aims to detect any appearance of unknown
objects and collects data about it through its sonar module and provides data to
the central database. Analyzing the data through code gives the exact location of
objects through visual output, buzzer when any object would be detected by
ultrasonic sensor this buzzer will simulate its sound with different frequency
according to distance and the object would on the vision of Ultrasonic sensor.
As wild animals are causing damage to paddy fields, resources of human a
sometimes it causes affects to human also so this is a an idea to detect animals or
anything else. This project idea can be used for air space navigation, air traffic
managements, surveillance purposes for defence forces and civil aviation.
Features of this project :
1. Sensing the presence of objects.
2. Sensing the absence of any object i.e no object.
3. Provides visuals can the precise location of objects including distance and
angle
4. Gives sound when object appears.
5. Shows whether the object is in range or not.
Components list:
1. Bread board
2. Arduino board
3. Sonar
4. Servo
5. Buzzer
Block Diagram :
Codes:
Arduino code:
// Includes the Servo and lcd library
#include <Servo.h>
//Defines lcd pins
// Defines Tirg and Echo pins of the Ultrasonic Sensor
const int trigPin = 10;
const int echoPin = 11;
//Defines piezo pin
const int piezoPin = 8;
// Variables for the duration and the distance
long duration;
int distance;
int notes[] = {262, 462, 862, 1662, 3262}; // Enter here the notes you
like
Servo myServo; // Creates a servo object for controlling the servo motor
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
Serial.begin(9600);
myServo.attach(12); // Defines on which pin is the servo motor attached
}
void loop() {
// rotates the servo motor from 15 to 165 degrees
for(int i=15;i<=165;i++){
myServo.write(i);
distance = calculateDistance();// Calls a function for calculating the
distance measured by the Ultrasonic sensor for each degree
//beep sequence
if(distance > 40){
noTone(piezoPin);
delay(10);
noTone(piezoPin);
delay(30);
}
else if (distance <= 40 && distance > 30){
tone(piezoPin, notes[1]);
delay(10);
noTone(piezoPin);
delay(30);
}
else if (distance <= 30 && distance > 20){
tone(piezoPin,notes[2]);
delay(10);
noTone(piezoPin);
delay(30);
}
else if (distance <= 20 && distance > 10){
tone(piezoPin,notes[3]);
delay(10);
noTone(piezoPin);
delay(30);
}
else {
tone(piezoPin,notes[4]);
delay(10);
noTone(piezoPin);
delay(30);
}
Serial.print(i); // Sends the current degree into the Serial Port
Serial.print(","); // Sends addition character right next to the
previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing
Serial.print(distance); // Sends the distance value into the Serial
Port
Serial.print("."); // Sends addition character right next to the
previous value needed later in the Processing IDE for indexing
}
// Repeats the previous lines from 165 to 15 degrees
for(int i=165;i>15;i--){
myServo.write(i);
distance = calculateDistance();
if(distance > 40){
noTone(piezoPin);
delay(10);
noTone(piezoPin);
delay(30);
}
else if (distance <= 40 && distance > 30){
tone(piezoPin, notes[1]);
delay(10);
noTone(piezoPin);
delay(30);
}
else if (distance <= 30 && distance > 20){
tone(piezoPin,notes[2]);
delay(10);
noTone(piezoPin);
delay(30);
}
else if (distance <= 20 && distance > 10){
tone(piezoPin,notes[3]);
delay(10);
noTone(piezoPin);
delay(30);
}
else {
tone(piezoPin,notes[4]);
delay(10);
noTone(piezoPin);
delay(30);
}
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(",");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.print(".");
}
}
// Function for calculating the distance measured by the Ultrasonic
sensor
int calculateDistance(){
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); // Reads the echoPin, returns the
sound wave travel time in microseconds
//U(m/s)=dX(m)/dT(s)
//in this case Duration(time)= 2*Distance/SpeedOfSound=>
//Distance=SpeedOfSound*Duration/2
// In dry air at 20 °C, the speed of sound is 343.2 m/s or 0.003432
m/Microsecond or 0,03434 cm/Microseconds
distance= duration*0.034/2;
return distance;
}
Processing Code:
import processing.serial.*; // imports library for serial communication
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; // imports library for reading the data
from the serial port
import java.io.IOException;
Serial myPort; // defines Object Serial
// defubes variables
String angle="";
String distance="";
String data="";
String noObject;
float pixsDistance;
int iAngle, iDistance;
int index1=0;
int index2=0;
PFont orcFont;
void setup() {
size (1280, 720); // ***CHANGE THIS TO YOUR SCREEN RESOLUTION***
smooth();
myPort = new Serial(this,"COM3", 9600); // starts the serial
communication,change this to your port type
myPort.bufferUntil('.'); // reads the data from the serial port
up to the character '.'. So actually it reads this: angle,distance.
}
void draw() {
fill(98,245,31);
// simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line
noStroke();
fill(0,4);
rect(0, 0, width, height-height*0.065);
fill(98,245,31); // green color
// calls the functions for drawing the radar
drawRadar();
drawLine();
drawObject();
drawText();
}
void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { // starts reading data from the Serial
Port
// reads the data from the Serial Port up to the character '.'
and puts it into the String variable "data".
data = myPort.readStringUntil('.');
data = data.substring(0,data.length()-1);
index1 = data.indexOf(","); // find the character ',' and puts
it into the variable "index1"
angle= data.substring(0, index1); // read the data from position "0" to
position of the variable index1 or thats the value of the angle the Arduino
Board sent into the Serial Port
distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // read the data from
position "index1" to the end of the data pr thats the value of the distance
// converts the String variables into Integer
iAngle = int(angle);
iDistance = int(distance);
}
void drawRadar() {
pushMatrix();
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats
to new location
noFill();
strokeWeight(2);
stroke(98,245,31);
// draws the arc lines
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.0625),(width-width*0.0625),PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.27),(width-width*0.27),PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.479),(width-width*0.479),PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,(width-width*0.687),(width-width*0.687),PI,TWO_PI);
// draws the angle lines
line(-width/2,0,width/2,0);
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(30)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(60)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(60)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(90)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(90)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(120)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(120)));
line(0,0,(-width/2)*cos(radians(150)),(-width/2)*sin(radians(150)));
line((-width/2)*cos(radians(30)),0,width/2,0);
popMatrix();
}
void drawObject() {
pushMatrix();
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats
to new location
strokeWeight(9);
stroke(255,10,10); // red color
pixsDistance = iDistance*((height-height*0.1666)*0.025); // covers the
distance from the sensor from cm to pixels
// limiting the range to 40 cms
if(iDistance<40){
// draws the object according to the angle and the distance
line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),-
pixsDistance*sin(radians(iAngle)),(width-width*0.505)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-
(width-width*0.505)*sin(radians(iAngle)));
}
popMatrix();
}
void drawLine() {
pushMatrix();
strokeWeight(9);
stroke(30,250,60);
translate(width/2,height-height*0.074); // moves the starting coordinats
to new location
line(0,0,(height-height*0.12)*cos(radians(iAngle)),-(height-
height*0.12)*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line according to the angle
popMatrix();
}
void drawText() { // draws the texts on the screen
pushMatrix();
if(iDistance>40) {
noObject = "Out of Range";
}
else {
noObject = "In Range";
}
fill(0,0,0);
noStroke();
rect(0, height-height*0.0648, width, height);
fill(98,245,31);
textSize(25);
text("10cm",width-width*0.3854,height-height*0.0833);
text("20cm",width-width*0.281,height-height*0.0833);
text("30cm",width-width*0.177,height-height*0.0833);
text("40cm",width-width*0.0729,height-height*0.0833);
textSize(40);
text("Object: " + noObject, width-width*0.875, height-height*0.0277);
text("Angle: " + iAngle +" °", width-width*0.48, height-height*0.0277);
text("Distance: ", width-width*0.26, height-height*0.0277);
if(iDistance<40) {
text(" " + iDistance +" cm", width-width*0.225, height-
height*0.0277);
}
textSize(25);
fill(98,245,60);
translate((width-width*0.4994)+width/2*cos(radians(30)),(height-
height*0.0907)-width/2*sin(radians(30)));
rotate(-radians(-60));
text("30°",0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate((width-width*0.503)+width/2*cos(radians(60)),(height-
height*0.0888)-width/2*sin(radians(60)));
rotate(-radians(-30));
text("60°",0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate((width-width*0.507)+width/2*cos(radians(90)),(height-
height*0.0833)-width/2*sin(radians(90)));
rotate(radians(0));
text("90°",0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate(width-width*0.513+width/2*cos(radians(120)),(height-
height*0.07129)-width/2*sin(radians(120)));
rotate(radians(-30));
text("120°",0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate((width-width*0.5104)+width/2*cos(radians(150)),(height-
height*0.0574)-width/2*sin(radians(150)));
rotate(radians(-60));
text("150°",0,0);
popMatrix();
}
Project Status Update:
1. Equipments have been collected
2. Assembled the components properly.
3. Codes have been uploaded successfully to Arduino board and
precessing software.
4. Buggs are fixed and codes have been tested properly.
5. Project features and functions have been checked successfully.
6. Completed the project with satisfying accuracy and precesion.
Sylhet Engineering College
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Course Title : Electronics 1 Lab
Course No : EEE 302
Project Name : Radar System with Arduino
Group : 11
Submitted By Submitted To
Tasfia Kabir 2021338564 MD. Faiyaj Ahmed Limon
Ahsan Habib 2020338564 Lecturer
Md Shuvo 2020338554 Sylhet Engineering College
Abdullah Abu Habib 2020338559
