NPTEL Online Certification Courses
Indian Institute of Technology
Kharagpur
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Assignment-Week 3
TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10
MCQ Question
QUESTION 1:
Consider the following 2nd order differential equation
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ 2 +𝑥 =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
with boundary condition 𝑦(0) = 𝑦(1) = 0.
If the chosen trial function is 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥, the the value of 𝑎 by Point collocation method is
given by, considering that the residual is zero at 𝑥 = 0.25.
a. 𝑎 = −2/𝜋
1
b. 𝑎 = − 2√2(𝜋2 −2𝜋)
c. 𝑎 = 2/𝜋
1
d. 𝑎 = 2√2(𝜋2 −2𝜋)
Correct Answer: d 𝑎 = 1/2𝜋
Detailed Solution:
According to point collocation method the residual will be zero at a chosen point.
If we consider, 𝑅𝑥=0.25 = 0. Then for the given trial function
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦
= 𝑎𝜋 cos 𝜋𝑥 , 2 = −𝑎𝜋 2 sin 𝜋𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 𝜋 𝜋 1
So, −𝑎𝜋 sin 4 + 2𝑎𝜋 cos 4 + 4 = 0
1
𝑎=
2√2(𝜋 2 − 2𝜋)
QUESTION 2:
Consider the following 2nd order differential equation
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ 2 + 𝑥=0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
with boundary condition 𝑦(0) = 𝑦(1) = 0.
If the chosen trial function is 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑥, 𝑦 can be expressed by Galerkin’s method
4
a. 𝑦 = 𝜋2 sin 𝜋𝑥
2
b. 𝑦 = 𝜋2 sin 𝜋𝑥
4
c. 𝑦 = 𝜋 sin 𝜋𝑥
2
d. 𝑦 = 𝜋 sin 𝜋𝑥
2
Correct Answer: d 𝑦 = 𝜋 sin 𝜋𝑥
Detailed Solution:
According to Galerkin method trial function = weighting function.
1
So, ∫0 (−𝑎𝜋 2 cos 𝜋𝑥 + 𝑥) cos 𝜋𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
1
∫0 𝑥 sin 𝜋𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎= 1
𝜋 ∫0 (𝜋𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜋𝑥 − 2 cos 𝜋𝑥 sin 𝜋𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 = 2/𝜋
QUESTION 3:
Consider the following 2nd order differential equation
𝑑2𝑦
+ 200 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
with boundary condition 𝑦(0) = 𝑦(6) = 0.
If the chosen trial function is 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥(6 − 𝑥), the value of 𝑎 by Rayleigh-Ritz method is given
by
a. 𝑎 = 50
b. 𝑎 = 100
c. 𝑎 = 150
d. 𝑎 = 200
Correct Answer: b 𝑎 = 100
Detailed Solution:
6
𝑑2𝑦
∫ ( 2 + 200) 𝑣𝑑𝑥 = 0
0 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 6 6
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 6
[ 𝑣] + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 200 ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 0 0 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 0
6 6
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 100 ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑥 = 0
0 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 0
𝑎(𝑦, 𝑣) = 𝑙(𝑣)
The minimize form of the equation
1
𝜋 = 2 𝑎(𝑦, 𝑦) − 𝑙(𝑦)
𝑑𝜋
=0
𝑑𝑎
6 6
𝑑𝑦 2
∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 + 100 ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 0
0 𝑑𝑥 0
By inserting 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥(6 − 𝑥), we got
1
200 ∫0 (6𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
𝑎= 1
∫0 (6 − 2𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 = 100
QUESTION 4:
If the trial solution of a PDE is valid only for individual element over the domain, the discretization method
is called
a. Finite element method
b. Finite difference method
c. Finite volume method
d. The condition is valid for all of the cases
Correct Answer: a Finite element method.
Detailed Solution:
In case of finite element method, the trial function is valid for each element of the grid. The overall
solution is the summation over all of the grids for the domain.
QUESTION 5:
Consider the one-dimensional heat conduction equation equation
𝑑 𝑑𝑇
(𝑘 ) + 𝑆 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
By using Finite element discretization method what will be the trial function for the system
𝑥𝑖 −𝑥 𝑥 −𝑥
a. 𝑇 = 𝑇𝑖 + 𝑥 𝑗−𝑥 𝑇𝑗
𝑥𝑗 −𝑥𝑖 𝑗 𝑖
𝑥𝑖 −𝑥 𝑥−𝑥𝑖
b. 𝑇 = 𝑇
𝑥𝑗 −𝑥𝑖 𝑖
−𝑥 𝑇𝑗
𝑗 −𝑥𝑖
𝑥𝑖 −𝑥 𝑥 −𝑥
c. 𝑇 = 𝑇 + 𝑥 𝑗−𝑥 𝑇𝑖
𝑥𝑗 −𝑥𝑖 𝑗 𝑗 𝑖
𝑥𝑗 −𝑥 𝑥−𝑥𝑖
d. 𝑇 + 𝑥 −𝑥 𝑇𝑗
𝑥𝑗 −𝑥𝑖 𝑖 𝑗 𝑖
Correct Answer: d
Detailed Solution: i j
𝑇𝑖 𝑇𝑗
Consider the trial function 𝑇 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥
At node i and j the trial functions are 𝑇𝑖 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥𝑖 (𝐸𝑞 1) and 𝑇𝑗 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥𝑗 (𝐸𝑞 2).
𝑇 −𝑇
By subtraction and rearranging, we got 𝑎1 = 𝑥𝑗−𝑥 𝑖. By substituting 𝑎1 into Eq 1, we got 𝑎0 =
𝑗 𝑖
𝑇𝑖 𝑥𝑗 − 𝑇𝑗 𝑥𝑖 .
𝑥𝑗 −𝑥 𝑥−𝑥𝑖
By using the form of 𝑎0 and 𝑎1 , we got 𝑇 = 𝑇 +𝑥 𝑇𝑗 .
𝑥𝑗 −𝑥𝑖 𝑖 𝑗 −𝑥𝑖
QUESTION 6:
Consider a 1 mm diameter, 50 mm long aluminium pin-fin used to enhance heat transfer for the
surface wall maintained at 3000 C. The governing differential equation and boundary
equation are given by:
d 2T Ph
k 2 = (T − T )
dx Ac
T (x = 0) = Tw = 3000 C
dT
=0 (insulated tip)
dx x =L
Let k= 200 w/mC , h=20 w/m2 C , T = 30 0 C
What is the temperature distribution in the fin using the Galerkin weighed residual method?
Assume trial solution is : T (x) c0 + c1 x + c2 x 2 = Tˆ (x)
(
a. Tˆ (x) = 150 + 38751.43 x 2 − 2Lx )
(
b. Tˆ (x) = 150 + 18751.43 x 2 − 2Lx )
c. Tˆ (x) = 300 + 18751.43(x 2
− 2Lx)
d. Tˆ (x) = 300 + 38751.43(x 2
− 2Lx)
Correct Answer: d.
Detailed Solution:
For trial solution Tˆ (x ) = c0 + c1 x + c2 x
2
Apply boundary condition: c0 = 300, c1 = −2c2 L
(
Tˆ (x) = 300 + c2 x 2 − 2Lx )
Compute residual substitute T̂ (x ) in differential equation
(
Rd (x) = 2c2 − 400 270 + c2 x 2 − 2Lx ( ))
Minimise the residual, weight function w(x ) = x 2 − 2 Lx . Thus
(x )
L
2
− Lx Rd (x )dx = 0
0
Solving for c2 , we get c2 =38751.43
Tˆ (x) = 300 + 38751.43 x 2 − 2Lx ( )
QUESTION 7:
Consider 𝑇𝑖−1 , 𝑇𝑖 , 𝑇𝑖+1 are discrete consecutive tension at points along the curve s of an interfacial contour
𝑑𝑇
such that grid spacing between 𝑇𝑖−1 and 𝑇𝑖 is ℎ1 and 𝑇𝑖+1 and 𝑇𝑖 is ℎ2 , then with 2nd order accurate will
𝑑𝑠
be
𝑇𝑖+1 −𝑇𝑖−1 ℎ1 +ℎ2
a. ℎ2
, where ℎ = 2
𝑇𝑖+1 −𝑇𝑖−1
b. ℎ1 +ℎ2
2ℎ1 2ℎ2 2
c. 𝑇 + 𝑇 − 𝑇
ℎ2 ∗(ℎ1 +ℎ2 ) 𝑖+1 ℎ1 ∗(ℎ1 +ℎ2 ) 𝑖−1 ℎ1 𝑖
ℎ1 ℎ2 ℎ2 −ℎ1
d. 𝑇
ℎ2 (ℎ1 +ℎ2 ) 𝑖+1
−ℎ 𝑇𝑖−1 + 𝑇
ℎ1 ℎ2 𝑖
1 (ℎ1 +ℎ2 )
Correct Answer: d.
Detailed Solution:
𝑇𝑖−1 A 𝑇𝑖 B 𝑇𝑖+1
ℎ1 ℎ2
By Taylor’s Series expansion,
𝑑𝑇 ℎ22 𝑑2 𝑇
𝑇𝑖+1 = 𝑇𝑖 + ℎ2 + + 𝑂(ℎ23 )
𝑑𝑠 2! 𝑑𝑠 2
𝑑𝑇 ℎ12 𝑑2 𝑇
𝑇𝑖−1 = 𝑇𝑖 − ℎ1 + + 𝑂(ℎ13 )
𝑑𝑠 2! 𝑑𝑠 2
Using the above relations, eliminating the Second Order terms we get,
𝑑𝑇 ℎ12 𝑇𝑖+1 − ℎ22 𝑇𝑖−1 + (ℎ22 − ℎ12 )𝑇𝑖
=
𝑑𝑠 ℎ12 ℎ2 + ℎ1 ℎ22
Can be simplified,
𝑑𝑇 ℎ1 ℎ2 ℎ2 − ℎ1
= 𝑇𝑖+1 − 𝑇𝑖−1 + 𝑇
𝑑𝑠 ℎ2 (ℎ1 + ℎ2 ) ℎ1 (ℎ1 + ℎ2 ) ℎ1 ℎ2 𝑖
QUESTION 8:
In modelling of repetitive pulse waves passing through a fluid domain of length L and uniform grid
spacing of Δ𝑥, the inlet and outlet velocity condition for the wave will be:
a. . 𝑢0 = 𝑢𝐿 , 𝑢𝐿 = 𝑢Δ𝑥
𝑏. 𝑢0 = 𝑢𝐿 , 𝑢𝐿 = 𝑢0
c. 𝑢0 = 𝑢Δ𝑥 , 𝑢𝐿 = 𝑢L−Δ𝑥
d.𝑢0 = 𝑢𝐿−Δ𝑥 , 𝑢𝐿 = 𝑢Δ𝑥
Correct Answer: d.
Detailed Solution:
The flow repetitive waves are periodic in nature and hence periodic boundary conditions are
necessary at the inlet and outlet.
So,
𝑢0 = 𝑢𝐿−Δ𝑥 , 𝑢𝐿 = 𝑢Δ𝑥
QUESTION 9:
d 2T
For one dimensional heat conduction governing equation is k = 0 , for domain x = 0 to
dx 2
x=10 cm. The boundary conditions are:
Boundary condition I: at x=0 cm, heat flux = 5W/m2 and at x= 20 cm, heat flux = 5 W/m2
Boundary condition II: at x=0 cm, T = 510 K, and at x= 20 cm, heat flux = 5W/m2
Which of the following statements are correct?
a. Solution is inconsistent for both the boundary conditions
b. Solution is consistent and unique for both the boundary conditions.
c. Solution is consistent for both the boundary conditions and for BC I, solution is unique.
d. Solution is consistent for both the boundary conditions and for BC II, solution is
unique.
Correct Answer: d.
Detailed Solution:
For the one dimensional steady heat conduction equation the generalized temperature distribution
is T ( x) = ax + b , for BC I, only one constant is evaluated, hence equation is consistent and infinite
number of solution. For, BC II solution is consistent and unique
QUESTION 10:
Which of the following statement is true for penalty method of imposing boundary conditions:
a. The large value can be added in non-diagonal terms in the stiffness matrix of the corresponding node.
b. Has better accuracy than the Substitution method.
c. Larger the added value, better is the solution.
d. Not an easy method compared to Substitution method.
Correct Answer: c.
Detailed Solution:
To impose the BC, the large value needs to be added to the diagonal of the stiffness of the
corresponding node such that effect on others is zero. The accuracy of penalty method depends on
the value of the added stiffness. Larger the value of it, better is the solution and hence not always
guarantee better accuracy than substitution. It is an easy method to implement.
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