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CHAPTER

4 DETERMINANTS
Exercise 1: NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs
4.1 INTRODUCTION
1. Determinants have wide applications in various areas such as NCERT Page-103/N-67
(a) Engineering
(b) Science
(c) Economics
(d) All of the above

4.2 DETERMINANTS
cos⁡ 15∘ sin⁡ 15∘
2. | |=
sin⁡ 75∘ cos⁡ 75∘
(a) 0 NCERT Page-105/N-T7
(b) 5
(c) 3
(d) 7
𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑
3. | |=
−𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏
(a) (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 NCERT Page-104/N-T7
(c) (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 𝑐 2 − 𝑑2 )
(b) (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑)2
(d) 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑑2
4. In how many ways, the determinant of order 3 can be expanded? NCERT Page-104/N-77
(a) 5
(b) 4
(c) 3
(d) 6
sin⁡ 10∘ −cos⁡ 10∘
5. The value of | | is
sin⁡ 80∘ cos⁡ 80∘
(a) -1
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 0
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1 4 3
6. The value of the determinant Δ = |0 12 9| is
1 2 2
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 8

4.3 PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
7. | 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3 | =
𝑧 𝑧 𝑧
𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3
(a) 𝑥𝑦𝑧(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥) NCERT/ Page-112/N-79
𝑥𝑦𝑧
(b) (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥)
6
𝑥𝑦𝑧
(c) 12 (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥)
(d) None of these
8. If 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 are integers in AP, lying between 1&9 and 𝑥51, 𝑦41&𝑧31 are three digit numbers, then the value
5 4 3
of |𝑥51 𝑦41 𝑧31| is
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
(a) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 NCERT Page-112/N-79
(b) 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧
(c) 0
(d) None of these
32 + 𝑘 42 32 + 3 + 𝑘
9. If |42 + 𝑘 52 42 + 4 + 𝑘| = 0, then the value of 𝑘 is
52 + 𝑘 62 52 + 5 + 𝑘
(a) 0 NCERT Page- 114/N-79
(b) -1
(c) 2
(d) 1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑘𝑎 𝑘𝑏 𝑘𝑐
10. If Δ = |𝑥 𝑦 𝑧|, then value of |𝑘𝑥 𝑘𝑦 𝑘𝑧| is
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 𝑘𝑝 𝑘𝑞 𝑘𝑟
2
(a) k Δ NCERT Page-114/N-79
3
(b) k Δ
(c) kΔ
(d) k 4 ⋅ Δ
11. If 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 are all distinct and NCERT Page-109/N-79
𝑥 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥3
|𝑦 𝑦 2 1 + 𝑦 3 | = 0, then the value of 𝑥𝑦𝑧 is
𝑧 𝑧2 1 + 𝑧3
(a) -2
(b) -1
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(c) -3
(d) None of these
2𝑥𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑦2
12. | 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 2𝑥𝑦| =
𝑦 2 2𝑥𝑦 𝑥 2
(a) (𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 )2 NCERT Page-110/N-79
(b) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )3
(c) −(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )3
(d) −(𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 )2
13. The value of the determinant of 𝑛th order,
𝑥 1 1 …
1 𝑥 1 …
being given by | |, is
1 1 𝑥 …
… … … …
(a) (x − 1)n−1 (x + n − 1) NCERT Page-109/N-79
(b) (x × 1)n−1 (x + n × 1)
(c) (1 − 𝑥)𝑛−1 (𝑥 + 𝑛 − 1)
(d) None of these
14. If 𝑥 is positive integer, then
𝑥! (𝑥 + 1)! (𝑥 + 2)!
| (𝑥 + 1)! (𝑥 + 2)! (𝑥 + 3)! is equal to
(𝑥 + 2)! (𝑥 + 3)! (𝑥 + 4)!
(a) 2𝑥 ! (𝑥 + 1) !
(b) 2𝑥 ! (𝑥 + 1)! (𝑥 + 2) !
(c) 2𝑥! (𝑥 + 3)!
(d) 2(𝑥 + 1)! (𝑥 + 2)! (𝑥 + 3)!
15. The solution set of the equation NCERT Page-109/N-78
1 4 20
|1 −2 5 | = 0 is:
1 2x 5x 2
(a) {0,1}
(b) {1,2}
(c) {1,5}
(d) {2, −1}
√𝑥 + √𝑦 2√𝑧 √𝑧
16. The value of the determinant |√𝑦𝑧 + √2𝑥 𝑧 √2𝑧|
𝑦 + √𝑥𝑧 √𝑦𝑧 𝑧
where x, y, z are positive real numbers, is NCERT Page-109/N-78
(a) 𝑧(√2𝑦 − 𝑧√𝑦)
(b) 𝑦(√2𝑧 − 𝑦√𝑧)
(c) 𝑥(√2𝑦 − 𝑧√𝑦)
(d) None of these
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𝑥 𝑎 𝑏
17. The factors of |𝑎 𝑥 𝑏 | are:
𝑎 𝑏 𝑥
(a) 𝑥 − 𝑎, 𝑥 − 𝑏 and 𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 NCERT PAGE Page-110/N-79
(b) 𝑥 + 𝑎, 𝑥 + 𝑏 and 𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑏
(c) 𝑥 + 𝑎, 𝑥 + 𝑏 and 𝑥 − 𝑎 − 𝑏
(d) 𝑥 − 𝑎, 𝑥 − 𝑏 and 𝑥 − 𝑎 − 𝑏
1 1 + 𝑎𝑐 1 + 𝑏𝑐
18. |1 1 + 𝑎𝑑 1 + 𝑏𝑐 | is equal to:
1 1 + 𝑎𝑐 1 + 𝑏𝑐
(a) 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 NCERT Page-114/N-79
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) 3
𝛼𝛽 𝛽𝛾 𝛾𝛼
3 2
19. If 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 are the roots of px + qx + r = 0, then the value of the determinant |𝛽𝛾 𝛾𝛼 𝛼𝛽 | is
𝛾𝛼 𝛼𝛽 𝛽𝛾
(a) p NCERT Page-112/N-78
(b) q
(c) 0
(d) r
3 5 6 x 10 5
20. If Δ = | 7 8 9|, then |5 3 6| equal to:
10 x 5 8 7 9
(a) Δ NCERT Page-109/N-79
(b) −Δ
(c) Δx
(d) 0
𝑦+𝑧 𝑥−𝑧 𝑥−𝑦
21. If |𝑦 − 𝑧 𝑧 + 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑥| = 𝑘𝑥𝑦𝑧,
𝑧−𝑦 𝑧−𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
then the value of 𝑘 is : NCERT Page-114/N-79
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 8
2 2
(𝑒 𝑖𝛼 + 𝑒 −𝑖𝛼 ) (𝑒 𝑖𝛼 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝛼 ) 4
22. If 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 ∈ R, then the determinant Δ = ||(𝑒 𝑖𝛽 + 𝑒 −𝑖𝛽 2 −𝑖𝛽 2
) (𝑒 𝑖𝛽 − 𝑒 ) 4|| is
2 2
(𝑒 𝑖𝛾 + 𝑒 −𝑖𝛾 ) (𝑒 𝑖𝛾 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝛾 ) 4
(a) independent of 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾 NCERT Page-112/N-78
(b) dependent on 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾
(c) independent of 𝛼, 𝛽 only
(d) independent of 𝛼, 𝛾 only
23. The coefficient of 𝑥 in
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𝑥 1 + sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = | 1 log⁡(1 + 𝑥) 2 | , −1 < 𝑥 ≤ 1, is
2 2
𝑥 1+𝑥 0
(a) 1
(b) -2
(c) -1
(d) 0
24. If rows and columns of the determinant are interchanged, then its value NCERT Page-109/N-79
(a) remains unchanged
(c) is doubled
(b) becomes change
(d) is zero
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦
2
25. If 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑐 < 0, 𝑎 < 0 then the value of | 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 | is
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 0
(a) Zero NCERT Page-110/N-79
(c) Negative
(b) Positive
(d) 𝑏 2 + 𝑎𝑐
26. If any two rows (or columns) of a determinant are identical (all corresponding elements are same), then the
value of determinant is NCERT Page-109/N-79
(a) 1
(b) -1
(c) 0
(d) 2
1 1 1
27. If 𝐷 = |1 1 + 𝑥 1 |. for 𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑦 ≠ 0, then D is
1 1 1+𝑦
(a) divisible by 𝑥 but not 𝑦 NCERT Page-110/N-79
(b) divisible by 𝑦 but not 𝑥
(c) divisible by neither 𝑥 nor 𝑦
(d) divisible by both 𝑥 and 𝑦
28. The value of 𝑥 obtained from the equation
𝑥+𝛼 𝛽 𝛾
| 𝛾 𝑥+𝛽 𝛼 | = 0 will be
𝛼 𝛽 𝑥+𝛾
(a) 0 and −(𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾) NCERT Page-109/N-79
(b) 0 and 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾
(c) 1 and (𝛼 − 𝛽 − 𝛾)
(d) 0 and 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 𝛾 2
𝑝 𝑞−𝑦 𝑟−𝑧
29. If |𝑝 − 𝑥 𝑞 𝑟 − 𝑧| = 0, then the value of 𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟 is
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
𝑝−𝑥 𝑞−𝑦 𝑟
(a) 0 NCERT Page-114/N-79
(c) 2
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(b) 1
(d) 4pqr
1 log 𝑥 ⁡ 𝑦 log 𝑥 ⁡ 𝑧
30. For positive numbers 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 the numerical value of the determinant⁡ | 𝑦 ⁡ 𝑥
log 3 log 𝑦 ⁡ 𝑧| is
log 𝑧 ⁡ 𝑥 log 𝑧 ⁡ 𝑦 5
(a) 0
(b) log⁡ xlog⁡ ylog⁡ z
(c) 1
(d) 8
𝑎−𝑏−𝑐 2𝑎 2𝑎
31. If | 2𝑏 𝑏−𝑐−𝑎 2𝑏 | = 𝑘(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3 , then 𝑘 is
2𝑐 2𝑐 𝑐−𝑎−𝑏
(a) 0 NCERT Page-111/N-79
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
𝑒 𝑎 𝑒 2𝑎 𝑒 3𝑎 − 1
32. If 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are cube roots of unity, then |𝑒 𝑏 𝑒 2𝑏 𝑒 3𝑏 − 1| =
𝑒 𝑐 𝑒 2𝑐 𝑒 3𝑐 − 1
(a) 0
(b) e
(c) e2
(d) e3
13 16 19
33. |14 17 20| is equal to:
15 18 21
(a) 57 NCERT Page-110/N-79
(b) -39
(c) 96
(d) 0
2 2
34. |cos ⁡ 𝑥 sin ⁡ 𝑥 1| is equal to: NCERT Page-112/N-79
−10 12 2
(a) 0
(b) 12cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 10sin2 ⁡ 𝑥
(c) 12cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 10sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 2
(d) 10sin⁡ 2𝑥
𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+𝑎
35. If 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are in A. P., then the value of |𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 + 𝑏 | is:
𝑥+3 𝑥+4 𝑥+𝑐
(a) 3 NCERT Page-111/N-79
(b) -3
(c) 0
(d) None of these
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1 log 𝑥 ⁡ 𝑦 log 𝑥 ⁡ 𝑧
36. For positive numbers 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧, the numerical value of the determinant⁡ |log 𝑦 ⁡ 𝑥 1 log 𝑦 ⁡ 𝑧| is
log 𝑧 ⁡ 𝑥 log 𝑧 ⁡ 𝑦 1
(a) 0 NCERT Page-112/N-79
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d). None of these
37. If 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are in A.P. then the determinant NCERT Page-111/N-79
2𝑦 + 4 5𝑦 + 7 8𝑦 + 𝑎
|3𝑦 + 5 6𝑦 + 8 9𝑦 + 𝑏 | is equal to
4𝑦 + 6 7𝑦 + 9 10𝑦 + 𝑐
(a) 0
(b) 𝑦 2 + 10
(c) 4(𝑦 2 + 5)
(d) y 3
1+𝑎 1 1
38. If |1 + 𝑏 1 + 2𝑏 1 | = 0 where
1 + 𝑐 1 + 𝑐 1 + 3𝑐
𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑐 ≠ 0, then 𝑎−1 + 𝑏 −1 + 𝑐 −1 is NCERT Page-112/N-79
(a) 4
(b) -3
(c) -2
(d) -1
39. If each of third order determinant of value Δ is multiplied by 4 , then value of the new determinant is:
(a) Δ NCERT Page-112/N-79
(b) 21Δ
(c) 64Δ
(d) 128Δ
40. The value of determinant NCERT Page-110/N-79
sin2 ⁡ 13∘ sin2 ⁡ 77∘ tan⁡ 135∘
| sin2 ⁡ 77∘ tan⁡ 135∘ sin2 ⁡ 13∘ | is
tan⁡ 135∘ sin2 ⁡ 13∘ sin2 ⁡ 77∘
(a) -1
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) 2
41. Let 𝐴 be a matrix of order 3 and let Δ denotes the value of determinant A.
Then determinant (−2A) = NCERT Page-111/N-79
(a) −8Δ
(b) −2Δ
(c) 2Δ
(d) 8Δ
42. If 𝑎−1 + 𝑏 −1 + 𝑐 −1 = 0 such that NCERT Page-115/N-79
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1+a 1 1
| 1 1+b 1 | = 𝜆, then the value of 𝜆 is :
1 1 1+c
(a) 0
(c) 𝑎𝑏𝑐
(b) - abc
(d) None of these
cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 ⋅ sin⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥
43. If 𝑓(𝑥) = |cos⁡ 𝑥sin⁡ 𝑥 sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 |, then for all 𝑥
sin⁡ 𝑥 −cos⁡ 𝑥 0
(a) f(x) = 0 NCERT Page-114/N-79
(c) f(x) = 2
(b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 1
(d) None of these
−𝑎2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
44. The value of | 𝑎𝑏 −𝑏 2
𝑏𝑐 | is :
𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 −𝑐 2
(a) 0
(c) 4𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2
(b) abc
(d) None of these
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
45. If 𝑥 ≠ 𝑦 ≠ 𝑧 and |𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 3 | = 0, then 𝑥𝑦𝑧 is equal to:
𝑧 𝑧2 𝑧3
(a) 1 NCERT Page-114/N-78
(b) -1
(c) 0
(d) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧
log⁡ 𝑎𝑛 log⁡ 𝑎𝑛+1 log⁡ 𝑎𝑛+2
46. If 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , … … . . . . ... are positive numbers in G.P. then the value of |log⁡ 𝑎𝑛+1 log⁡ 𝑎𝑛+2 log⁡ 𝑎𝑛+3 |
log⁡ 𝑎𝑛+2 log⁡ 𝑎𝑛+3 log⁡ 𝑎𝑛+4
(a) 1 NCERT Page-113/N-78
(b) 4
(c) 3
(d) 0
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 1
47. The value of the determinant |sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 1| is
cos⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) −sin⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) 1
(a) independent of 𝛼 NCERT/ Page-112/N-78
(c) independent of 𝛼 and 𝛽
(b) independent of 𝛽
(d) None of the above
48. If 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = −2 and
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1 + 𝑎2 𝑥 (1 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 (1 + 𝑐 2 )𝑥
f(x) = |(1 + 𝑎2 )𝑥 1 + 𝑏 2 𝑥 (1 + 𝑐 2 )𝑥|,
(1 + 𝑎2 )𝑥 (1 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 1 + 𝑐 2 𝑥
then 𝑓(𝑥) is a polynomial of degree NCERT Page-111/N-79
(a) 1
(b) 0
(c) 3
(d) 2
49. If 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟 are in A.P., then the value of NCERT Page-112/N-79
𝑥+4 𝑥+9 𝑥+𝑝
|𝑥 + 5 𝑥 + 10 𝑥 + 𝑞 | is
𝑥 + 6 𝑥 + 11 𝑥 + 𝑟
(a) 𝑥 + 15
(b) 𝑥 + 20
(c) x + p + q + r
(d) None of these
50. Suppose 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 ∈ 𝑅 are such that sin⁡ 𝛼, sin⁡ 𝛽, sin⁡ 𝛾 ≠ 0 and NCERT Page-114/N-79
sin2 ⁡ 𝛼 sin⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛼 cos 2 ⁡ 𝛼
Δ = |sin2 ⁡ 𝛽 sin⁡ 𝛽cos⁡ 𝛽 cos 2 ⁡ 𝛽 | then Δ cannot exceed
sin2 ⁡ 𝛾 sin⁡ 𝛾cos⁡ 𝛾 cos 2 ⁡ 𝛾
(a) 1
(b) 0
1
(c) − 2
(d) None of these
51. If 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅, then the determinant
cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 1
| sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 1| lies in the interval
cos⁡(𝑥 + 𝑦) −sin⁡(𝑥 + 𝑦) 0
(a) [−√2, √2]
(b) [−1,1]
(c) [−√2,1]
(d) [−1, −√2]

4.4 AREA OF TRIANGLE

52. Let the area of the triangle with vertices 𝐴(1, 𝛼), 𝐵(𝛼, 0) and 𝐶(0, 𝛼) be 4 sq. units. If the point
(𝛼, −𝛼), (−𝛼, 𝛼) and (𝛼 2 , 𝛽) are collinear, then 𝛽 is equal to NCERT Page-121/N-82
(a) 64
(b) -8
(c) -64
(d) 512
53. Let 𝐴(1,1), 𝐵(−4,3)𝐶(−2, −5) be vertices of a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, 𝑃 be a point on side 𝐵𝐶, and Δ1 and Δ2 be the
areas of triangle 𝐴𝑃𝐵 and 𝐴𝐵𝐶 respectively.
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If Δ1 : Δ2 = 4: 7, then the area enclosed by the lines 𝐴𝑃, 𝐴𝐶 and the 𝑥-axis is NCERT Page-122/ N − 82
1
(a) 4
3
(b) 4
1
(c) 2
(d) 1
54. If area of triangle is 4 sq units with vertices (−2,0), (0,4) and (0, k), then k is equal to
(a) 0, −8 NCERT Page-121/ N − 83
(b) 8
(c) -8
(d) 0,8
55. If the area of a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, with vertices 𝐴(1,3), 𝐵(0,0) and 𝐶(𝑘, 0) is 3 sq. units, then the value of 𝑘 is
(a) 2 NCERT Page-122/N-83
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
56. The area of the triangle formed by the points (1,2), (𝑘, 5) and (7,11) is zero then the value of 𝑘 is
(a) 0 NCERT Page-122/N-83
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 7

4.5 MINORS AND COFACTORS

2 −3 5
57. If 𝐴𝑖𝑗 denotes the cofactor of the element 𝑎𝑖𝑗 of the determinant |6 0 4 |, then value of
1 5 −7
𝑎11 𝐴31 + 𝑎13 𝐴32 + 𝑎13 𝐴33 is NCERT Page-123/N-85
(a) 0
(b) 5
(c) 10
(d) -5
2 −3 5
58. If 𝑐𝑖𝑗 is the cofactor of the element 𝑎𝑖𝑗 of the determinant |6 0 4 |, then write the value of 𝑎32 ⋅ 𝑐32
1 5 −7
(a) 110 NCERT Page-123/N-85
(b) 22
(c) -110
(d) -22
59. The minor of the element 𝑎11 in the determinant NCERT Page-123/N-85
2 6 9
|1 7 8| is
1 4 5
(a) 0
(c) 5
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(b) 3
(d) 7
𝑥 sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
60. The determinant |−sin⁡ 𝜃 −𝑥 1 | is
cos⁡ 𝜃 1 𝑥
(a) independent of 𝜃 only
(b) independent of 𝑥 only
(c) independent of both 𝜃 and 𝑥
(d) None of the above
61. The maximum and minimum value of (3 × 3) determinant whose elements belongs to {0,1} is
(a) 1, −1
(b) 2, −2
(c) 4, −4
(d) None of these
1 2 3
62. If 𝐴 = [ ], then |A| is
−4 −5 6
(a) 2 NCERT Page-125/N-78
(b) 0
(c) -2
(d) Does not exist
1 𝑎 𝑎2
63. The parameter on which the value of the determinant |cos⁡(𝑝 − 𝑑)𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑝𝑥 cos⁡(𝑝 + 𝑑)𝑥| does not
sin⁡(𝑝 − 𝑑)𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑝𝑥 sin⁡(𝑝 + 𝑑)𝑥
depend upon is NCERT Page-126/N-78
(a) a
(b) p
(c) d
(d) 𝑥
64. The value of
𝑎2 𝑎 1
|cos⁡(𝑛𝑥) cos⁡(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 cos⁡(𝑛 + 2)𝑥|
sin⁡(𝑛𝑥) sin⁡(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 sin⁡(𝑛 + 2)𝑥
is independent of : NCERT Page-125/N-78
(a) n
(b) a
(c) x
(d) None of these
𝑥 3 7
65. If (𝑥 + 9) = 0 is a factor of |2 𝑥 2| = 0, then the other factor is:
7 6 𝑥
(a) (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 7) NCERT Page-126/N-78
(c) (𝑥 + 9)(𝑥 − 𝑎)
(b) (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 𝑎)
(d) (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 𝑎)
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1 sin⁡ 𝜃 1
66. Find the cofactors of elements 𝑎12 , 𝑎22 , 𝑎32 , respectively of the matrix [−sin⁡ 𝜃 1 sin⁡ 𝜃 ]
−1 −sin⁡ 𝜃 1
(a) 0,2, −2sin⁡ 𝜃 NCERT Page-125/N-78
(b) 2,0,2sin⁡ 𝜃
(c) 2,0, −2sin⁡ 𝜃
(d) −2sin⁡ 𝜃, 2,0
𝑟 𝑟−1
67. Matrix 𝑀𝑟 is defined as 𝑀𝑟 = ( ) , 𝑟 ∈ 𝑁. The value of det⁡(𝑀1 ) + det⁡(𝑀2 ) + det⁡(𝑀3 ) +
𝑟−1 𝑟
⋯ . +det⁡(𝑀2014 ) is NCERT Page-125/N-78
(a) 2013
(c) (2013)2
(b) 2014
(d) (2014)2
68. Given that A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a square matrix of order 3 × 3 and |A| = −7, then the value of ∑3𝑖=1 𝑎𝑖2 𝐴𝑖2, where
𝐴𝑖𝑗 denotes the cofactor of element 𝑎𝑖𝑗 is: NCERT Page-124/N-85 | CBSE Sample 2021-22
(a) 7
(b) -7
(c) 0
(d) 49
69. The roots of the equation NCERT Page-124/N-79
0 𝐱 16
|𝐱 5 7 | = 0 are:
0 9 x
(a) 0,12 and 12
(b) 0 and ±12
(c) 0,12 and 16
(d) 0,9 and 16
−1 cos⁡ C cos⁡ B
70. If 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 are the angles of a triangle, then the value of Δ = |cos⁡ C −1 cos⁡ A| is
cos⁡ B cos⁡ A −1
(a) cos⁡ Acos⁡ Bcos⁡ C NCERT Page-124/N-79
(b) sin⁡ Asin⁡ Bsin⁡ C
(c) 0
(d) None of these
𝛼 2
71. If 𝐴 = [ ] and |𝐴3 | = 125, then the value of 𝛼 is
2 𝛼
(a) ±1 NCERT Page-125/N-79
(b) ±2
(c) ±3
(d) ±5

4.6 ADJOINT AND INVERSE OF A MATRIX

72. Let 𝐴 be a 2 × 2 matrix with det⁡(𝐴) = −1 and det⁡((𝐴 + 𝐼)(Adj⁡(𝐴) + 𝐼)) = 4. Then the sum of the
diagonal elements of 𝐴 can be: NCERT Page- 129/N − 88
 Anu Ma`am Email ID :- anu.singh@adda247.com

(a) -1
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) −√2
2 −1 5 5
73. Let 𝐴 = ( ) ⋅ If 𝐵 = 𝐼 − 𝐶1 (adj⁡ 𝐴) + 𝐶2 (adj⁡ 𝐴)2 − ⋯ − 5
𝐶5 (adj⁡ 𝐴)5, then the sum of all
0 2
elements of the matrix 𝐵 is: NCERT Page-129/N-88
(a) -5
(b) -6
(c) -7
(d) -8
74. Let 𝐴 be a matrix of order 3 × 3 and det⁡(𝐴) = 2. Then det⁡(det⁡(𝐴) adj (5adj⁡(𝐴3 ))) is equal to
(a) 512 × 106 NCERT Page-128/N-88
6
(b) 256 × 10
(c) 1024 × 106
(d) 256 × 1011
75. If 𝐵 is a non-singular matrix and 𝐴 is a square matrix, then det⁡(B−1 AB) is equal to
(a) det⁡(𝐴−1 ) NCERT Page-128/N-89
(b) det⁡(B−1 )
(c) det⁡(A)
(d) det⁡(𝐵)
𝑎 0 0
76. If 𝐴 = [0 𝑎 0], then the value of |adj⁡ 𝐴| is
0 0 𝑎
(a) 𝑎27 NCERT Page-127/N-90
9
(b) a
(c) a6
(d) a2
𝑥 3 2
77. Matrix 𝐴 = [1 𝑦 4], if 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 60 and 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 20, then 𝐴(adj⁡ 𝐴)
2 2 𝑧
is equal to NCERTR Page-128/N-88
64 0 0
(a) [ 0 64 0 ]
0 0 64
88 0 0
(b) [ 0 88 0 ]
0 0 88
68 0 0
(c) [ 0 68 0 ]
0 0 68
34 0 0
(d) [ 0 34 0 ]
0 0 34
78. Let 𝑆 = {√𝑛: 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 50 and 𝑛 is odd }
 Anu Ma`am Email ID :- anu.singh@adda247.com

1 0 𝑎
Let 𝑎 ∈ 𝑆 and 𝐴 = [−1 1 0]
−𝑎 0 1
If ∑𝑎∈𝑆 det⁡(adj⁡ 𝐴) = 100𝜆, then 𝜆 is equal to
(a) 218
(b) 221
(c) 663
(d) 1717
79. Let 𝐴 be a 3 × 3 invertible matrix. If |adj⁡(24𝐴)| = adj⁡ |(3adj⁡(2𝐴))|, then |A|2 is equal to:
(a) 66 NCERT Page-129/N-90
12
(b) 2
(c) 26
(d) 1
1
80. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be two 3 × 3 matrices such that 𝐴𝐵 = I and |𝐴| = 8 then ∣ adj⁡(𝐵 adj (2𝐴)) ∣ is equal to
(a) 16 NCERT Page-129/N-90
(b) 32
(c) 64
(d) 128
3 5 1 17
81. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ], then |𝐴𝐵| is equal to :
2 0 0 −10
(a) 80
(b) 100
(c) -110
(d) 92
1 0
82. If 𝐴 = [ ], then value of 𝐴−𝑛 is
1 1
−1 0
(a) [ ]
𝑛 1
0 −1
(b) [ ]
2 𝑛
1 0
(c) [ ]
−n 1
(d) None of these NCERT Page-130/N-78

1 0 3
83. If 𝐴 = [2 1 1], then the value of |adj⁡(adj⁡ 𝐴)| is
0 0 2
(a) 14 NCERT Page-129/N-90
(b) 16
(c) 15
(d) 12
5 5𝛼 𝛼
84. Let 𝐴 = [0 𝛼 5𝛼 ]. If |𝐴2 | = 25, then |𝛼| equals to
0 0 5
(a) 52
(b) 1
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1
(c) 5
(d) 5
85. If 𝐴 is a non-singular matrix of order 3 , then |adj⁡ 𝐴| = |𝐴|𝑛 . Here the value of 𝑛 is NCERT Page-129/N-78
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 8
1 1 1
86. If 𝐴 = |1 1 1| Then |adj⁡ 𝐴| =
1 1 1
(a) 0 NCERT Page-129/N-90
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 7
1 3 𝜆+2
87. If the matrix [2 4 8 ] is singular, then 𝜆 =
3 5 10
(a) -2 NCERT Page-128/N-78
(b) 4
(c) 2
(d) -4
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0
88. If 𝑀(𝛼) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0];
0 0 1
cos⁡ 𝛽 0 sin⁡ 𝛽
𝑀(𝛽) = [ 0 1 0 ],
−sin⁡ 𝛽 0 cos⁡ 𝛽
then value of [M(𝛼)M(𝛽)]−1 is NCERT Page-133/N-92
(a) M(𝛽) ⋅ M(𝛼)
(b) M(−𝛼) ⋅ M(𝛽)
(c) 𝑀(−𝛽)𝑀(𝛼)
(d) M(−𝛽)M(−𝛼)
0 1
0 −1 2
89. If 𝐴 = [ ] , 𝐵 = [1 0] and 𝑀 = 𝐴𝐵, then the value of M −1 is NCERT Page-135/N-92
2 −2 0
1 1
2 −1

(a) [31 3
4 ]
3 5
1 −1

(b) [31 1
3
]
3 6
−1
2 3
(c) [ 2 ]
0
3
(d) None of these
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9
90. If for AX = B, B = [52] and NCERT Page-134/N-92
0
3 −1/2 −1/2
𝐴−1 = [−4 3/4 5/4], then X is equal to:
2 −3/4 −3/4
3
(a) [ 3/4]
−3/4
−1/2
(b) [ 1/2]
2
(c)
−4
(c) [ 2]
3
1
(d) [ 3 ]
−21
10 0
91. For any 2 × 2 matrix 𝐴, if 𝐴(adj. 𝐴) = [ ], then |𝐴| is equal to :
0 10
(a) 0 NCERT Page-129/N-90
(b) 10
(c) 20
(d) 100
cos⁡ 2𝜃 −sin⁡ 2𝜃
92. Inverse of the matrix [ ] is : NCERT Page-130/N-92
sin⁡ 2𝜃 cos⁡ 2𝜃
cos⁡ 2𝜃 −sin⁡ 2𝜃
(a) [ ]
sin⁡ 2𝜃 cos⁡ 2𝜃
cos⁡ 2𝜃 sin⁡ 2𝜃
(b) [ ]
sin⁡ 2𝜃 −cos⁡ 2𝜃
cos⁡ 2𝜃 sin⁡ 2𝜃
(c) [ ]
sin⁡ 2𝜃 cos⁡ 2𝜃
cos⁡ 2𝜃 sin⁡ 2𝜃
(d) [ ]
−sin⁡ 2𝜃 cos⁡ 2𝜃
1 0 −1 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
93. If matrix 𝐴 = [3 4 5 ] and its inverse is denoted by 𝐴 = |𝑎21 𝑎22
−1 𝑎23 | then the value of 𝑎23 is
0 6 7 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33
equal to:
(a) 21/20
(b) 1/5
(c) −2/5
(d) 2/5
3 −2 4
1
94. Ifmatrix A = [1 2 −1] and 𝐴−1 = 𝑘 (adj⁡ A), then 𝑘 is :
0 1 1
(a) 7 NCERT Page-130/N-91
(b) -7
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(c) 15
(d) -11
4 −5 −2
95. If 𝐴 = [5 −4 2 ], then adj. (A) equals: NCERT Page-130/N-91
2 2 8
36 −36 18
(a) [36 36 −18]
18 −18 9
−36 36 −18
(b) [−36 36 −18]
18 −18 9
0 0 0
(c) [0 0 0]
0 0 0
(d) None of these
𝑘 8
96. Value of 𝑘, for which 𝐴 = [ ] is a singular matrix is: NCERT PAGE Page-131/N-92|CBSE Sample 2021-22
4 2𝑘
(a) 4
(b) -4
(c) ±4
(d) 0
97. Given that 𝐴 is a square matrix of order 3 and |𝐴| = −4, then |adj⁡ A| is equal to:
(a) -4 NCERT Page-132/N-92 | CBSE Sample 2021-22
(b) 4
(c) -16
(d) 16
2 5
98. For matrix A = [ ] , (adj⁡ 𝐴)′ is equal to: NCERT Page-132/N-90 I CBSE Sample 2021-22
−11 7
−2 −5
(a) [ ]
11 −7
7 5
(b) [ ]
11 2
7 11
(c) [ ]
−5 2
7 −5
(d) [ ]
11 2
1 −1 0 2 2 −4
99. If A = [2 3 4] and B = [−4 2 −4], then :
0 1 2 2 −1 5
(a) A−1 = B NCERT Page-133/N-92 I CBSE Sample 2021-22
(b) A−1 = 6B
(c) B −1 = B
1
(d) B−1 = 6 A
100. Given that 𝐴 is a non-singular matrix of order 3 such that 𝐴2 = 2𝐴, then value of |𝐴| is:
(a) 4 NCERT Page-131/N-92 I CBSE Sample 2021-22
(b) 8
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(c) 64
(d) 16
3 1
101. For 𝐴 = [ ], then 14𝐴−1 is given by: NCERT Page-131/N-92
−1 2
2 −1
(a) 14 [ ]
1 3
4 −2
(b) [ ]
2 6
2 −1
(c) 2 [ ]
1 −3
−3 −1
(d) 2 [ ]
1 −2
𝛼 𝛽
102. If 𝐴 = [ ], then Adj. A is equal to: NCERT Page-132/N-90
𝛾 𝛼
𝛿 −𝛾
(a) [ ]
−𝛽 𝛼
𝛿 −𝛽
(b) [ ]
−𝛾 𝛼
−𝛿 𝛽
(c) [ ]
𝛾 −𝛼
−𝛿 −𝛽
(d) [ ]
𝛾 𝛼
0 1 0
103. Let the matrix 𝐴 = [0 0 1] and the matrix 𝐵0 = 𝐴49 + 2𝐴98 . If 𝐵𝑛 = Adj⁡(𝐵𝑛−1 ) for all 𝑛 ≥ 1,
1 0 0
then det⁡(𝐵4 ) is equal to :
(a) 328
(b) 330
(c) 332
(d) 336
4 −2
104. Let 𝐴 = ( ) If 2 + 𝛾A + 181 = 0, then det⁡(A) is equal to, NCERT Page N − 90
𝛼 𝛽
(a) -18
(b) 18
(c) -50
(d) 50
105. If I3 is the identity matrix of order 3 , then I3−1 is
(a) 0 NCERT Page-134/N-92
(b) 3I3
(c) I3
(d) Does not exist
106. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are square matrices and 𝐴−1 and 𝐵 −1 of the same order exist, then (AB)−1 is equal to :
−1
(a) AB NCERT Page-133/N-92
−1
(b) A B
(c) A−1 B−1
(d) 𝐵 −1 𝐴−1
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𝜆 −1 4
107. The matrix [−3 0 1] is invertible, if
−1 1 2
(a) 𝜆 ≠ −17 NCERT Page-132/N-92
(b) 𝜆 ≠ −18
(c) 𝜆 ≠ −19
(d) 𝜆 ≠ −20

4.7 APPLICATION OF DETERMINANTS AND MATRICES

108. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be two 3 × 3 non-zero real matrices such that 𝐴𝐵 is a zero matrix. Then
(a) The system of linear equations 𝐴𝑋 = 0 has a unique solution NCERT/ Page-134/N-94
(b) The system of linear equations 𝐴𝑋 = 0 has infinitely many solutions
(c) 𝐵 is an invertible matrix
(d) adj⁡(𝐴) is an invertible matrix
109. If the system of equations NCERT Page-134/N-94 𝑥 + 𝑦 +
𝑧 = 16,2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝛼𝑧 = 𝛽, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 14
has infinitely many solutions, then 𝛼 + 𝛽 is equal to :
(a) 8
(b) 36
(c) 44
(d) 48
110. The number of 𝜃 ∈ (0,4𝜋) for which the system of linear equations 3(sin⁡ 3𝜃)𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 =
2,3(cos⁡ 2𝜃)𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 3, 6𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 9 has no solution, is: NCERT Page-133/N-94
(a) ⋅ 6
(b)
7 (c)
8 (d)
9
111. The number of real values 𝜆, such that the system of linear equations 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 9, 𝑥 + 3𝑦 −
𝑧 = −18 and 3𝑥 − 𝑦 + (𝜆2 − |𝜆|𝑧 = 16 has no solution, is : NCERT Page-133/N-94
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 4
112. For a Matrix A, The value of its determinant is Non-zero, Then system of equation has solution.
(a) unique solution NCERT PAGE Page-134/N-95
(b) Infinitely many solutions
(c) No solution
(d) None of the above
113. If the system of equations 𝑥 + 𝜆𝑦 + 2 = 0, 𝜆𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2 = 0, 𝜆𝑥 + 𝜆𝑦 + 3 = 0 is consistent, then
(a) 𝜆 = ±1 NCERT Page-133/N-95
(b) 𝜆 = ±2
(c) 𝜆 = 1, −2
(d) 𝜆 = −1,2
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114. The equations 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4 = 0; 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 6 = 0 and 4𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 8 = 0 are

(a) consistent with unique solution NCERT PAGE Page-135/N-94
(b) inconsistent
(c) consistent with infinitely many solutions
(d) None of the above
115. If [a] denotes the integral part of 𝑎 and 𝑥 = 𝑎3 𝑦 + 𝑎2 𝑧, 𝑦 = 𝑎1 𝑧 + 𝑎3 𝑧 and 𝑧 = 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑎1 𝑦, where
𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 are not all zero. If 𝑎1 = 𝑚 − [𝑚], 𝑚 being a non-integral constant, then 𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 is
(a) > 1 NCERT Page-137/N-94
(b) > −1
(c) < 1
(d) < −1
116. Given: 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 4𝑧 = 2, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = −4, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 4, then the value of 𝜆 such that the given
system of equation has NO solution, is NCERT Page-134/N-95
(a) 3
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) -3
117. If the equations 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0,2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧 = 0, 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 0 have non-trivial solutions, then
𝑎= NCERT Page-135/N-95
(a) 2
(b) -2
(c) √3
(d) −√3
118. The value ( 𝑠 ) of 𝑚 does the system of equations 3𝑥 + 𝑚𝑦 = 𝑚 and 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 20 has a solution
satisfying the conditions x > 0, 𝑦 > 0. NCERT Page-134/N-94
(a) m ∈ (0∞)
15
(b) m ∈ (−∞, − 2 ) ∪ (30, ∞)
15
(c) m ∈ (− 2 , ∞)
(d) None of these
119. Consider the system of linear equations 𝑥1 + 2𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 32𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 𝑥3 = 3,3𝑥1 + 5𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 =
1
The system has NCERT Page-134/N-94
(a) exactly 3 solutions
(b) a unique solution
(c) no solution
(d) infinite solutions
120. The system of linear equations : 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0,2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0, 3x + 2y = 0 has :
(a) no solution NCERT Page-134/N-95
(b) a unique solution
(c) an infinitely many solution
(d) None of these
121. The system of simultaneous linear equations 𝑘𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1, (𝑘 − 1)𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 2 and (𝑘 + 2)𝑧 =
3 have a unique solution if k equals: NCERT Page-135/N-95
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(a) -1
(b) -2
(c) 0
(d) 1
0 0 −1
122. Let 𝐴 = ( 0 −1 0 ). The only correct statement about the matrix 𝐴 is
−1 0 0
(a) 𝐴2 = 𝐼 NCERT Page-134/N-95
(b) 𝐴 = (−1)𝐼, where 𝐼 is a unit matrix
(c) 𝐴−1 does not exist
(d) 𝐴 is a zero matrix
123. A system of linear equations 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 𝑐2 , can be represented
in matrix form as NCERT Page-134/N-95
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑐1
(a) [𝑏 𝑏 ] = [𝑐 ]
1 2 2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑥 𝑐1
(b) [ ] [𝑦] = [𝑐 ]
𝑎2 𝑏2 2
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑦 𝑐1
(c) [𝑏 𝑏 ] [ ] = [𝑐 ]
1 2 𝑥 2
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑥 𝑐2
(d) [𝑏 𝑏 ] [𝑦] = [𝑐 ]
1 2 1
124. If the system of linear equations 2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 7;
𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1; 𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝛿𝑧 = 𝑘,
where 𝛿, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑅 has infinitely many solutions, then 𝛿 + 𝑘 is equal to: NCERT Page-134/N-94
(a) -3
(b) 3
(c) 6
(d) 9
125. If the system of linear equations 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = −2, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, 𝑥 − 𝑦 + |𝜆|𝑧 = 4𝜆 − 4 where
𝜆 ∈ ℝ has no solution, then NCERT Page-135/N-94
(a) 𝜆 = 7
(b) 𝜆 = −7
(c) 𝜆 = 8
(d) 𝜆2 = 1

Exercise 2 : NCERT Exemplar & Past Years JEE Main

NCERT EXEMPLAR QUESTIONS
2𝑥 5 6 −2
1. If | |=| |, then the value of 𝑥 is
8 𝑥 7 3
(a) 3 NCERT Page-107/N-82
(b) ±3
(c) ±6
(d) 6
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𝑎−𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑎
2. The value of |𝑏 − 𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑏 | is
𝑐−𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐
(a) 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 NCERT Page-106/N-80
(b) 3𝑏𝑐
(c) 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐
(d) None of these
3. If the area of a triangle with vertices (−3,0), (3,0) and (0, 𝑘) is 9 sq. units. Then, the value of 𝑘 will be
(a) 9 NCERT Page-107/N-83
(b) 3
(c) -9
(d) 6
4. The determinant NCERT Page-109/N-80
2
𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐
|𝑎𝑏 − 𝑎2 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑏 | equals to
𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑎2
(a) 𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
(b) (𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
(c) (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
(d) None of these
sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
5. The number of distinct real roots of |cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥 cos 𝑥 | = 0 in the interval − 4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 is
cos⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 sin 𝑥
(a) 0 NCERT Page-109/N-80
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) 3
−1 cos⁡ 𝐶 cos⁡ 𝐵
6. If 𝐴, 𝐵 and C are angles of a triangle, then the determinannt |cos⁡ 𝐶 −1 cos⁡ 𝐴 | is equal to
cos⁡ 𝐵 cos⁡ 𝐴 −1
(a) 0 NCERT Page-111/N-80
(b) -1
(c) 1
(d) None of these
cos⁡ 𝑡 𝑡 1
𝑓(𝑡)
7. If 𝑓(𝑡) = |2sin⁡ 𝑡 𝑡 2𝑡|, then lim𝑡→0 𝑡 2 is equal to
sin⁡ 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
(a) 0 NCERT Page-112/N-80
(b) -1
(c) 2
(d) 3
1 1 1
8. The maximum value of | 1 1 + sin⁡ 𝜃 1| is 𝜃 is real number)
1 + cos⁡ 𝜃 1 1
1
(a) 2 NCERT Page-113/N-80
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√3
(b) 2
(c) √2
2√3
(d) 4
0 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑏
9. If 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 𝑎 0 𝑥 − 𝑐 |, then
𝑥+𝑏 𝑥+𝑐 0
(a) 𝑓(𝑎) = 0 NCERT Page-112/N-80
(b) f(b) = 0
(c) f(0) = 0
(d) 𝑓(1) = 0
2 𝜆 −3
10. If 𝐴 = |0 2 5 |, then 𝐴−1 exists, if
1 1 3
(a) 𝜆 = 2 NCERT Page-130/N-91
(b) 𝜆 ≠ 2
(c) 𝜆 ≠ −2
(d) None of these
11. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are invertible matrices, then which of the following is not correct? NCERT Page-134/N-92
(a) adj⁡ A = |A| ⋅ A−1
(c) (AB)−1 = B−1 A−1
(b) det⁡(A)−1 = [det⁡(A)]−1
(d) (𝐴 + 𝐵)−1 = 𝐵 −1 + 𝐴−1
1+𝑥 1 1
12. If 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 are all different from zero and | 1 1+𝑦 1 | = 0, then the value of 𝑥 −1 + 𝑦 −1 + 𝑧 −1
1 1 1+𝑧
is NCERT Page-113/N-80
(a) 𝑥𝑦𝑧
(c) −𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧
(b) 𝑥 −1 𝑦 −1 𝑧 −1
(d) -1
𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 + 2𝑦
13. The value of |𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦 | is
𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑥
(a) 9𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 𝑦) NCERT Page-114/N-80
2
(c) 3𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
(b) 9𝑦 2 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
(d) 7𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
1 −2 5
14. If there are two values of a which makes determinant, Δ = |2 𝑎 −1| = 86, then the sum of these
0 4 2𝑎
numbers is NCERT Page-113/N-80
(a) 4
(c) -4
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(b) 5
(d) 9
PAST YEARS JEE MAIN
15. The system of linear equations 𝑥 + 𝜆𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0; 𝜆𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝜆𝑧 = 0; has a non-trivial solution
for:
(a) exactly two values of 𝜆. NCERT Page-134/N-95 | 2016, A
(b) exactly three values of 𝜆.
(c) infinitely many values of 𝜆.
(d) exactly one value of 𝜆.
16. Let k be an integer such that triangle with vertices (𝑘, −3𝑘), (5, 𝑘) and (−𝑘, 2) has area 28 sq. units. Then
the orthocentre of this triangle is at the point: NCERT Page-135/N-83 | 2017, A, BN
1
(a) (2, 2)
1
(b) (2, − 2).
3
(c) (1, 4)
3
(d) (1, − 4)
17. If 𝑆 is the set of distinct values of ' 𝑏 ' for which the following system of linear equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1x +
ay + z = 1; ax + by + z = 0
has no solution, then S is: NCERT Page-135/N-94 | 2017, A
(a) a singleton
(b) an empty set
(c) an infinite set
(d) a finite set containing two or more elements
1 1 1
18. Let 𝜔 be a complex number such that 2𝜔 + 1 = 𝑧 where 𝑧 = √−3. If |1 −𝜔2 − 1 𝜔2 | = 3𝑘, then 𝑘 is
1 𝜔2 𝜔7
equal to : NCERT Page-134/N-80 | 2017, A
(a) 1
(b) −z
(c) z
(d) -1
𝑥 − 4 2𝑥 2𝑥
19. If |2𝑥 𝑥 − 4 2𝑥 | = (𝐴 + 𝐵𝑥)(𝑥 − 𝐴)2, then the ordered pair (𝐴, 𝐵) is equal to:
2𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥−4
(a) (−4,3) NCERT Page-133/N-80 | 2018, A
(c) (4,5)
(b) (−4,5)
(d) (−4, −5)
20. If the system of linear equations 𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 03𝑥 + 𝑘𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 0,2𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 0 has a non-zero
𝑥𝑧
solution (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧), then 𝑦 2 is equal to : NCERT Page-135/N-94 | 2018, A
(a) 10
(b) -30
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(c) 30
(d) -10
21. The system of linear equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2, 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 5,2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + (𝑎2 − 1)𝑧 = 𝑎 + 1
(a) is inconsistent when 𝑎 = 4 NCERT Page-134/N-94 | 2019, A
(b) has a unique solution for |𝑎| = √3
(c) has infinitely many solutions for a = 4
(d) is inconsistent when |a| = √3
𝑦+1 𝛼 𝛽
2 𝛼 𝑦 + 𝛽 1 | is
22. Let 𝛼 and 𝛽 be the roots of the equation 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0. Then for 𝑦 ≠ 0 in 𝑅, |
𝛽 1 𝑦+𝛼
equal to: NCERT Page-135/N-80 | 2019, S
(a) 𝑦(𝑦 2 − 1)
(c) y 3
(b) 𝑦(𝑦 2 − 3)
(d) y 3 − 1
𝑒𝑡 𝑒 −𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑡 sin⁡ 𝑡
23. If 𝐴 = [𝑒 −𝑒 cos⁡ 𝑡 − 𝑒 sin⁡ 𝑡 −𝑒 sin⁡ 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑡] then 𝐴 is:
𝑡 −𝑡 −𝑡 −𝑡

𝑒𝑡 2𝑒 −𝑡 sin⁡ 𝑡 −2𝑒 −𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑡

(a) invertible for all 𝑡 ∈ ℝ. NCERT Page-134/N-93 | 2019, S
(b) invertible only if 𝑡 = 𝜋.
(c) not invertible for any 𝑡 ∈ 𝑅.
𝜋
(d) invertible only if t = 2 .
24. If the system of linear equations NCERT Page-134/N-94 | 2020, A
2𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑦 + 𝑎𝑧 = 0
2𝑥 + 3𝑏𝑦 + 𝑏𝑧 = 0
2𝑥 + 4𝑐𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 = 0,
where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑅 are non-zero and distinct; has a non-zero solution, then:
1 1 1
(a) 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑐 are in A.P.
(b) 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are in G.P.
(c) 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0
(d) 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are in A.P.
𝜃
0 −tan⁡ 2 𝑎 −𝑏
25. If A = [ 𝜃
] and (12 , +A)(l2 − A)−1 = [ ] then 13(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
tan⁡ 2 0 𝑏 𝑎
is equal to NCERT Page-135/N-80 | NV, 2021, A
26. If the system of equations NCERT Page-134/N-95 | NV, 2021, C
kx + y + 2z = 1,3x − y − 2z = 2, −2x − 2y − 4z = 3
has infinitely many solutions, then k is equal to
27. Let 𝐴 be a 2 × 2 matrix with det⁡(𝐴) = −1 and det⁡((𝐴 + 𝐼)(Adj(𝐴) + 𝐷) = 4. Then the sum of the
diagonal elements of 𝐴 can be: NCERT Page-129/N-90 | 2022, S
(a) -1
(b) 2
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(c) 1
(d) −√2
𝑥+1 𝑥 𝑥
9 𝜆
28. If | 𝑥 𝑥+𝜆 𝑥 | = 8 (103𝑥 + 81), then 𝜆, 3 are the roots of the equation
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝜆2
2
(a) 4𝑥 + 24𝑥 − 27 = 0 NCERT Page-111/N-79 | 2023, S
2
(b) 4𝑥 − 24𝑥 + 27 = 0
(c) 4𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 27 = 0
(d) 4𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 − 27 = 0
1 2 3
29. Let for 𝐴 = [𝑎 3 1] , |𝐴| = 2. If |2adj⁡(2adj⁡(2𝐴))| = 32𝑛 , then 3𝑛 + 𝛼 is equal to
1 1 2
(a) 10 NCERT Page-129/N-90 | 2023, A
(b) 9
(c) 12
(d) 11
30. For the system of linear equations 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 2𝑎𝑧 = 𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4,2𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 8 which of the
following is NOT correct? NCERT Page-134/N-94 | 2023, A
(a) It has infinitely many solutions if 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 6
(b) It has unique solution if 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 6
(c) It has unique solution if a = b = 8
(d) It has infinitely many solution if a = 3, b = 8

Exercise 3 : Skill Enhancer MCQs

2𝑥 2𝑦 6 𝑥 𝑦 1
11 −2𝜆
1. Let curve 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is locus of point (𝑥, 𝑦) which satisfy | 𝛼 2𝛽 3𝜆| + 2 |4𝜆 2𝛼 3𝛽 | + | |−
72 2𝛼
−1 2 1 2 −1 2
81𝛽 = 0∀𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 ∈ 𝑅. If minimum distance between curve 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) and line 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 12 = 0 is 𝑑, then the
value of 𝑑 is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
𝜋
𝑓(sin⁡ 2017𝜋) 𝑓 (sin⁡ ) 𝑓(𝑒 𝜋 )
6

2. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = ℓ𝑛(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1), then value of determinant || 𝑓 (cos⁡ 3 ) ) 𝑓 (tan⁡ 3 )|| is
2𝜋 2017𝜋 𝜋
𝑓 (cos⁡ 2
5𝜋
𝑓(−𝑒 𝜋 ) 𝑓 (cot⁡ ) 𝑓(0)
6
(a) 0
(b) √3
(c) 𝑒 √3
(d) 𝜋
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3; when 𝑖ˆ = 𝑗ˆ det⁡(adj⁡(adj⁡ 𝐴))

3. Let 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]3×3 be such that 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = [ , then { } equals: (where {⋅} denotes
0; 𝑖ˆ ≠ 𝑗ˆ 5
fractional part function)
2
(a) 5
1
(b) 5
2
(c) 3
1
(d) 3
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) ℎ(𝑥)
4. If 𝑓(𝑥), ℎ(𝑥) are polynomials of degree 4 and | 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 | = 𝑚𝑥 4 + 𝑛𝑥 3 + 𝑟𝑥 2 + 𝑠𝑥 + 𝑡 be an
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
𝑓 ′′′ (0) − 𝑓 ′′ (0) 𝑔′′′ (0) − 𝑔′′ (0) ℎ′′′ (0) − ℎ′′ (0)
identity in 𝑥, then | 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 | is
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
(a) 2(3𝑛 − 𝑟)
(b) 2(2𝑛 − 3𝑟)
(c) 3(𝑛 − 2𝑟)
(d) None of these
𝑡 2 −3𝑡+4
5. If 𝑡 is real and 𝜆 = 𝑡 2 +3𝑡+4, then the number of solutions of the system of equations
3𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 3, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = −2,6𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = −3 is :
(a) one
(b) two
(c) zero
(d) infinite
4
6. If 𝑥 ∈ [0,2𝜋], 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ 𝑅(𝑡 > 0) such that √1 + sin⁡ 2𝑥 + |𝑡 + 𝑡 − 4| + (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 ≤ 0, then the value of
sin⁡ 𝑥 −cos⁡ 𝑥 𝑡
| 𝑡 2 sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 |
𝑎3 + 𝑏3 + 𝑐 3 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2
(a) depend upon 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐
(b) depend upon 𝑥
(c) depend upon 𝑡
(d) independent of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑥 and 𝑡
𝑚
2𝑟 − 1 𝐶𝑟 1
7. Let 𝑚 be a positive integer and Δ𝑟 = | 𝑚 − 1 2
2 𝑚
𝑚 + 1 |. Then the value of ∑𝑚
𝑟=0 Δ𝑟 is given
sin2 ⁡(𝑚2 ) sin2 ⁡(𝑚) sin⁡(𝑚2 )
by
(a) 0
(b) 𝑚2 − 1
(c) 2𝑚
(d) 2𝑚 sin2 ⁡(2𝑚 )
sin⁡ 2𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥 + 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 cos⁡ 𝑥
8. If f(x) = |cos⁡ 𝑥 + sin⁡ 𝑥 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 | then
𝑥 2𝑥
𝑒 cos⁡ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑒𝑥
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𝜋
(a) f(x) is increasing for ∀x ∈ (0, 2 )
𝜋
(b) 𝑓(𝑥) is non-increasing for ∀𝑥 ∈ (0, 2 )
𝜋
(c) f(x) is decreasing for ∀x ∈ (0, 2 )
𝜋
(d) 𝑓(𝑥) is decreasing for ∀𝑥 ∈ (− 2 , 0)
1
𝑥 𝑛−1 cos⁡ 𝑥 𝑥+3
dn
9. If f(x) = | 0 𝑛𝜋 (−1)𝑛 𝑛!| then dxn [f(x)]x=0 =
cos⁡ 2 3𝑛+1
3 5
𝛼 𝛼 𝛼
(a) 1
(b) -1
(c) 0
(d) None of these
10. If 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, are the sides of a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 are angles opposite to 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, and
𝑎2 𝑏sin⁡ 𝐴 𝑐sin⁡ 𝐴
Δ = |𝑏sin⁡ 𝐴 1 cos⁡ 𝐴 | then,
𝑐sin⁡ 𝐴 cos⁡ 𝐴 1
(a) Δ = area of triangle
(b) Δ = perimeter of the triangle
(c) Δ = Σ𝑎2
(d) None of these
11. The value of the determinant
3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋
sin2 ⁡ (𝑥 + ) sin2 ⁡ (𝑥 + ) sin2 ⁡ (𝑥 + )
2 2 2
|sin⁡ (𝑥 + 3𝜋
) sin⁡ (𝑥 +
5𝜋
) sin⁡ (𝑥 +
7𝜋
) || is
| 2 2 2
3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋
sin⁡ (𝑥 − 2 ) sin⁡ (𝑥 − 2 ) sin⁡ (𝑥 − 2 )
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 0
𝑦 5 𝑧 6 (𝑧 3 − 𝑦 3 ) 𝑥 4 𝑧 6 (𝑥 3 − 𝑧 3 ) 𝑥 4 𝑦 5 (𝑦 3 − 𝑥 3 ) 𝑥 𝑦2 𝑧3
12. Δ1 = |𝑦 2 𝑧 3 (𝑦 6 − 𝑧 6 ) 𝑥𝑧 3 (𝑧 6 − 𝑥 6 ) 𝑥𝑦 2 (𝑥 6 − 𝑦 6 ) | and Δ2 = |𝑥 4 𝑦 5 𝑧 6 |. Then Δ1 Δ2 is equal to
𝑦 2 𝑧 3 (𝑧 3 − 𝑦 3 ) 𝑥𝑧 3 (𝑥 3 − 𝑧 3 ) 𝑥𝑦 2 (𝑦 3 − 𝑥 3 ) 𝑥7 𝑦8 𝑧9
3
(a) Δ2
(b) Δ22
(c) Δ42
(d) None of these
13. |𝐴 − 𝐵| ≠ 0, 𝐴4 = 𝐵 4 , 𝐶 3 𝐴 = 𝐶 3 𝐵, 𝐵 3 𝐴 = 𝐴3 𝐵, then |𝐴3 + 𝐵 3 + 𝐶 3 | =
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 3|𝐴|3
(d) 6
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sin⁡ 2A sin⁡ C sin⁡ B

14. If 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 are the angles of a triangle, then the value of determinant | sin⁡ C sin⁡ 2B sin⁡ A | is
sin⁡ B sin⁡ A sin⁡ 2C
(a) 𝜋
(b) 0
(c) 2𝜋
(d) None of these
3 7
15. If 𝐴 = [ ], then the value of the determinant |A2013 − 3A2012 | is equal to
1 2
(a) 8
(b) -8
(c) 9
(d) -7

Exercise 4: Numeric Value Answer Questions

1. Let 𝑃 and 𝑃 + 2 be prime numbers and let
𝑃! (𝑃 + 1)! (𝑃 + 2)!
Δ=| (𝑃 + 1)! (𝑃 + 2)! (𝑃 + 3)!|. Then the sum of the maximum values of 𝛼 and 𝛽, such that 𝑃𝛼 and
(𝑃 + 2)! (𝑃 + 3)! (𝑃 + 4)!
(𝑃 + 2)𝛽 divide Δ, is
2. The number of values of 𝜃 ∈ (0, 𝜋) for which the system of linear equations
𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 0
−𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 0
(sin⁡ 3𝜃)𝑥 + (cos⁡ 2𝜃)𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 0
has a non-trivial solution, is
2 𝑏 1
det⁡(A) 𝑟
3. Let 𝐴 = [𝑏 𝑏 2 + 1 𝑏] where 𝑏 > 0. If the minimum value of b is 𝑞 √𝑟, then 𝑞 =
1 𝑏 2
4. The greatest value of 𝑐 ∈ R for which the system of linear equations 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑦 − 𝑐𝑧 = 0, 𝑐𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 = 0, 𝑐𝑥 +
𝑐𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0 has a non-trivial solution, is
𝑥2 + 𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑥−2
2
5. If |2𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 3𝑥 − 3| = 𝐴𝑥 − 12, then the value of 𝐴 is
2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 − 1 2𝑥 − 1
𝑥 −6 −1
6. The sum of the real roots of the equation | 2 −3𝑥 𝑥 − 3| = 0, is equal to
−3 2𝑥 𝑥 + 2
𝛼 𝛽 𝜆
2 2
7. Consider a matrix 𝐴 = [ 𝛼 𝛽 𝜆2 ] where 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 are three distinct natural numbers.
𝛽+𝜆 𝜆+𝛼 𝛼+𝛽
det⁡(adj⁡(adj⁡(adj⁡(adj⁡ 𝐴))))
If = 232 × 316 , then the number of such 3 -tuples (𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾) is
(𝛼−𝛽)16 (𝛽−𝛾)16 (𝛾−𝛼)16
3
8. Let 𝐴 ( , √𝑎) 𝑎 > 0, be a fixed point in the 𝑥𝑦-plane. The image of 𝐴 in 𝑦-axis be 𝐵 and the image of 𝐵 in
√𝑎
𝑥-axis be 𝐶. If 𝐷(3cos⁡ 𝜃, 𝐚sin⁡ 𝜃) is a point in the fourth quadrant such that the maximum area of △ 𝐴𝐶𝐷 is
12 square units, then 𝑎 is equal to
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𝜆2 + 3𝜆 𝜆 − 1 𝜆 + 3
9. If 𝑝𝜆4 + 𝑞𝜆3 + 𝑟𝜆2 + 𝑠𝜆 + 𝑡 = | 𝜆 + 1 2 − 𝜆 𝜆 − 4|, then the value of 𝑡 is
𝜆−3 𝜆+4 3𝜆
log 3 ⁡ 512 log 4 ⁡ 3 log 2 ⁡ 3 log 8 ⁡ 3
10. | |×| |=
log 3 ⁡ 8 log 4 ⁡ 9 log 3 ⁡ 4 log 3 ⁡ 4
5 2𝛼 1
11. If 𝐵 = [ 0 2 1 ] is the inverse of a 3 × 3 matrix 𝐴, then the sum of all values of 𝛼 for which det⁡(𝐴) +
𝛼 3 −1
1 = 0 , is
log⁡ 𝑙 𝑝 1
th th th log⁡ 𝑚 𝑞 1| equals
12. 𝑙, 𝑚, 𝑛 are the 𝑝 , 𝑞 and 𝑟 term of a G. P. all positive, then |
log⁡ 𝑛 𝑟 1
𝑥−1 5𝑥 7
13. If |𝑥 2 − 1 𝑥 − 1 8| = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑, then c is equal to
2𝑥 3𝑥 0
14. If the system of linear equations
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 𝛾 + 5, 𝛼𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 𝛽 + 1, where 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 ∈ 𝐑 has infinitely many solutions, then the value of |9𝛼 +
3𝛽 + 5𝛾| is equal to
14 28 −14
15. The positive value of the determinant of the matrix 𝐴, whose Adj⁡(Adj⁡(𝐴)) = (−14 14 28 ), is
28 −14 14

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

Exercise-1 (NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs)

1 (d) 15 (d) 29 (c) 43 (b) 57 (a) 71 (c) 85 (a) 99 (d) 113 (a)

2 (a) 16 (a) 30 (d) 44 (c) 58 (a) 72 (b) 86 (a) 100 (c) 114 (a)

3 (d) 17 (a) 31 (b) 45 (c) 59 (b) 73 (c) 87 (b) 101 (b) 115 (b)

4 (d) 18 (c) 32 (a) 46 (d) 60 (a) 74 (a) 88 (d) 102 (b) 116 (d)

5 (b) 19 (c) 33 (d) 47 (a) 61 (b) 75 (c) 89 (b) 103 (c) 117 (b)

6 (c) 20 (b) 34 (a) 48 (d) 62 (d) 76 (c) 90 (d) 104 (b) 118 (b)

7 (c) 21 (d) 35 (c) 49 (d) 63 (b) 77 (c) 91 (b) 105 (c) 119 (c)

8 (c) 22 (a) 36 (a) 50 (a) 64 (a) 78 (b) 92 (d) 106 (d) 120 (c)

9 (d) 23 (b) 37 (a) 51 (a) 65 (a) 79 (c) 93 (c) 107 (a) 121 (a)

10 (b) 24 (a) 38 (b) 52 (c) 66 (a) 80 (c) 94 (c) 108 (b) 122 (a)

11 (b) 25 (b) 39 (c) 53 (c) 67 (d) 81 (b) 95 (b) 109 (c) 123 (b)
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12 (d) 26 (c) 40 (b) 54 (d) 68 (b) 82 (c) 96 (c) 110 (b) 124 (b)

13 (a) 27 (d) 41 (a) 55 (a) 69 (b) 83 (b) 97 (d) 111 (c) 125 (b)

14 (b) 28 (a) 42 (c) 56 (b) 70 (c) 84 (c) 98 (c) 112 (a)

EXCERSISE-2

1 (c) 4 (d) 7 (a) 10 (d) 13 (b) 16 (a) 19 (b) 22 (c) 25 (13) 28 (b)

2 (d) 5 (c) 8 (a) 11 (d) 14 (c) 17 (a) 20 (a) 23 (c) 26 (𝟐𝟏) 29 (d)

3 (b) 6 (a) 9 (c) 12 (d) 15 (b) 18 (b) 21 (d) 24 (a) 27 (b) 30 (a)

Exercise-3:(Skill Enhancer MCQs)

1 (c) 3 (b) 5 (a) 7 (a) 9 (c) 11 (d) 13 (a) 15 (d)

2 (a) 4 (a) 6 (d) 8 (b) 10 (d) 12 (a) 14 (b)

Exercise - 4 : (Numeric Value Answer Questions)

1 (4) 3 (𝟏. 𝟓) 5 (𝟐𝟒) 7 (𝟒𝟐) 9 (18) 11 (1) 13 (17) 15 (14)

2 (2) 4 (𝟎. 𝟓) 6 (𝟎) 8 (8) 10 (10) 12 (𝟎) 14 (58)

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE - 1
1. (d)
cos⁡ 15∘ sin⁡ 15∘
2. (a) We have | |
sin⁡ 75∘ cos⁡ 75∘
= cos⁡ 75∘ cos⁡ 15∘ − sin⁡ 75∘ sin⁡ 15∘
= cos⁡(75∘ + 15∘ ) = cos⁡ 90∘ = 0
3. (d) We have
𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑
| | = (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏) − (𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑)(−𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑)
−𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏
= (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) − (−𝑐 2 − 𝑑2 ) = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑑 2
4. (d) There are six ways of expanding a determinant of order 3 corresponding to each of three rows (𝑅1 , 𝑅2
and R 3 ) and three columns (C1 , C2 and C3 ).
sin⁡ 10∘ −cos⁡ 10∘
5. (b) Consider, | |
sin⁡ 80∘ cos⁡ 80∘
= sin⁡ 10∘ cos⁡ 80∘ + sin⁡ 80∘ cos⁡ 10∘
= sin⁡(10∘ + 80∘ ) = sin⁡(90∘ ) = 1
6.
1 4 3
(c) Δ = |0 12 9|
1 2 2
= 1(12 × 2 − 2 × 9) − 4(0 × 2 − 1 × 9) + 3(0 × 2 − 1 × 12)
= 1(24 − 18) − 4(0 − 9) + 3(0 − 12) = 6 + 36 − 36 = 6
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𝑥(𝑥−1) 𝑥(𝑥−1)(𝑥−2)
𝑥 2 6
(c) Δ = ||𝑦
𝑦(𝑦−1) 𝑦(𝑦−1)(𝑦−2)| 𝑥𝑦𝑧
2 6 |= 12
𝑧(𝑧−1) 𝑧(𝑧−1)(𝑧−2)
𝑧 2 6
𝑥 𝑥 − 1 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)
|𝑦 𝑦 − 1 (𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 − 2)|
𝑧 𝑧 − 1 (𝑧 − 1)(𝑧 − 2)
1 𝑥 𝑥2
𝑥𝑦𝑧
= 12 |1 𝑦 𝑦 2 | ( by 𝐶2 + 𝐶1 , 𝐶3 + 𝐶1 + 3𝐶2 )
1 𝑧 𝑧2
𝑥𝑦𝑧
= (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥)
12
8. (c)
32 + 𝑘 42 32 + 𝑘
9. (d) Breaking the given determinant into two determinants, we get |42 + 𝑘 52 42 + 𝑘| +
52 + 𝑘 62 52 + 𝑘
2 2
3 +𝑘 4 3
|42 + 𝑘 52 4| = 0
52 + 𝑘 62 5
9 + k 16 3
⇒0+| 7 9 1| = 0
9 11 1
[Applying 𝑅3 − 𝑅2 and 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 in second det.]
9 + k 16 3
⇒| 7 9 1| = 0
2 2 0
[Applying R 3 − R 2 ]
9+k 7−k 3
⇒| 7 2 1| = 0
2 0 0
[Applying C2 − C1 ]
⇒ 2(7 − 𝑘 − 6) = 0 ⇒ 𝑘 = 1
10. (b) We know that if any row of a determinant is multiplied by 𝑘, then the value of the determinant is also
multiplied by k, Here all the three rows are multiplied by k, therefore the value of new determinant will be
k 3 Δ.
𝑥 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥3
11. (b) We have |𝑦 𝑦 2 1 + 𝑦 3 | = 0
𝑧 𝑧2 1 + 𝑧3
2
𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
⇒ |𝑦 𝑦 1| + |𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 3 | = 0
2

𝑧 𝑧2 1 𝑧 𝑧2 𝑧3
2
𝑥 𝑥 1 1 𝑥 𝑥2
⇒ |𝑦 𝑦 2 1| + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 |1 𝑦 𝑦 2 | = 0
𝑧 𝑧2 1 1 𝑧 𝑧2
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𝑥 𝑥2 1
⇒ |𝑦 𝑦 2 1| (1 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧) = 0
𝑧 𝑧2 1
⇒ (x − y)(y − z)(z − x)(1 + xyz) = 0 [∵ 𝑥 ≠ 𝑦 ≠ 𝑧]
⇒ 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥𝑦𝑧 = −1
12. (d) C1 → C1 + C2 + C3 , gives
1 𝑥2 𝑦2
Δ = (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 |1 𝑦 2 2𝑥𝑦 |
1 2𝑥𝑦 𝑥 2
R 2 → R 2 − R1 , R 3 → R 3 − R1
1 𝑥2 𝑦2
= (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 |0 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 | = (x + y)2 [−(x 2 − y 2 )2 − (2xy − x 2 )(2xy − y 2 )]
0 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
2 [𝑥 2
= −(𝑥 + 𝑦) − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ]2 = −(𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 )2
13. (a) We have,

[Applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 , 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1 : ⋮: 𝑅𝑛 → 𝑅𝑛 − 𝑅1 ]
(𝑥 − 1)𝑛−1 + (𝑥 − 1)𝑛−1 + ⋯ + (𝑥 − 1)𝑛−1
= 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)𝑛−1 +
(𝑛 − 1) times
[Expanding along R1 ]
= x(x − 1)n−1 + (x − 1)n−1 [1 + 1 + ⋯ + (n − 1) times ] = (x − 1)n−1 (x + n − 1).
14. (b) Let
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𝑥! (𝑥 + 1)𝑥! (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)𝑥!

Δ=| (𝑥 + 1)! (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)! (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)!|
(𝑥 + 2)! (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 2)! (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 2)!
Taking common !, (𝑥 + 1) ! and (𝑥 + 2) ! form 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 and 𝑅3 respectively, we get
1 (𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 + 1)
Δ = 𝑥! (𝑥 + 1)! (𝑥 + 2)! |1 (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 + 2)|
1 (𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 + 4) (𝑥 + 3)
Applying R 2 → R 2 − R1 , R 3 → R 3 − R1
1 (𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)
= 𝑥! (𝑥 + 1)! (𝑥 + 2)! |0 1 2(𝑥 + 2) |
0 2 2(2𝑥 + 5)
= x! (x + 1)! (x + 2)! [4x + 10 − 4x − 8]
= 2(𝑥!)(𝑥 + 1)! (𝑥 + 2)!
1 4 20
15. (d) Given |1 −2 5 | = 0
1 2x 5x 2
Operate, 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 and 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
1 4 20
|0 −6 −15 | = 0
0 2𝑥 − 4 5𝑥 2 − 20
⇒ 1[−30𝑥 2 + 120 + 30𝑥 − 60] = 0
⇒ 30𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 − 60 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2 = 0
⇒ (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −1,2
Thus, solution set is {2, −1}.
√𝑥 + √𝑦 2 √𝑧 √𝑧
16. (a) We have, |√𝑦𝑧 + √2𝑥 𝑧 √2𝑧|
𝑦 + √𝑥𝑧 √𝑦𝑧 𝑧
√𝑥 + √𝑦 2 1
= 𝑧 |√𝑦𝑧 + √2𝑥 √𝑧 √2|
𝑦 + √𝑥𝑧 √𝑦 √𝑧
−√𝑦 2 1
= 𝑧| 0 √𝑧 √2|
0 √𝑦 √𝑧
[Taking √𝑧 common from C2 and C3 ]
[Applying C1 → C1 − √yC2 − √xC3 ]
= √𝑦 ⋅ 𝑧(𝑧 − √2𝑦) = 𝑧(√2 ⋅ 𝑦 − 𝑧√𝑦)
𝑥 𝑎 𝑏 𝑥+𝑎+𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
17. (a) Given |𝑎 𝑥 𝑏| = |𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑥 𝑏 |
𝑎 𝑏 𝑥 𝑥+𝑎+𝑏 𝑏 𝑥
Take out common (𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑏) from 𝐶1
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1 a b
= (x + a + b) |1 x b|
1 b x
1 𝑎 𝑏
= (𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑏) |0 𝑥−𝑎 0 |
0 −(𝑥 − 𝑏) 𝑥−𝑏
(R 2 → R 2 − R1 ; R 3 → R 3 − R 2 )
1 a b
= (x + a + b)(x − a)(x − b) |0 1 0|
0 −1 1
= (𝑥 + 𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏) is a factor of given determinant.
1 1 + ac 1 + bc
18. (c) Let A = |1 1 + ad 1 + bc|
1 1 + ac 1 + bc
Since two rows of given determinant are equal ∴ 𝐴 = 0
19. (c)
1 𝛽𝛾 𝛾𝛼
(c) 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 gives (𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼) |1 𝛾𝛼 𝛼𝛽 |
1 𝛼𝛽 𝛽𝛾
From the given equation, 𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 = 0. So, the value of determinant = 0.
3 5 6
20. (b) Given: Δ = | 7 8 9|
10 x 5
using properties of determinants
5 3 6
⇒ Δ = (−1) |8 7 9|
x 10 5
5 3 6
⇒ 𝐷 = (−1)2 |𝑥 10 5|
8 7 9
𝑥 10 5
⇒ Δ = (−1)3 |5 3 6| = −Δ
8 7 9
𝑦+𝑧 𝑥−𝑧 𝑥−𝑦
21. (d) Let 𝐴 = |𝑦 − 𝑧 𝑧 + 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑥 |.
𝑧−𝑦 𝑧−𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
Applying C1 → C1 + C2 + C3
2𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑧 𝑥 − 𝑦
= |2𝑦 𝑧 + 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑥|
2𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦
Applying 𝑅1 → 𝑅2 + 𝑅1 , 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + 𝑅1
2𝑥 𝑥−𝑧 𝑥−𝑦
= |2(𝑥 + 𝑦) 2𝑥 0 |
2(𝑧 + 𝑧) 0 2𝑥
On expanding, we get
= 2𝑥(4𝑥 2 ) − (𝑥 − 𝑧)[4𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦)] + (𝑥 − 𝑦)[−4𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑧)]
= 8x 2 − (x − z)(4x 2 + 4xy) − (x − y)(4x 2 + 4xz)
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= 8𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦 + 4𝑧𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 4𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 𝑧 + 4𝑦𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦𝑧

= 8xyz
Given: 𝐴 = 𝑘𝑥𝑦𝑧 ⇒ 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 = 𝑘𝑥𝑦𝑧 ⇒ 𝑘 = 8
22. (a)
2
4 (𝑒 𝑖𝛼 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝛼 ) 4
(a) 𝐶1 → 𝐶1 − 𝐶2 ⇒ ||4 (𝑒 𝑖𝛽 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝛽 2
) 4|| = 0
2
4 (𝑒 𝑖𝛾 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝛾 ) 4
𝑥 1 + sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
23. (b) Given : 𝑓(𝑥) = |1 ⋅ log⁡(1 + 𝑥) 2 |
2 2
𝑥 1+𝑥 0
Applying C1 → 2C1 and dividing whole the determinant by 2 ; and applying C1 → C1 − C3 , we get
1 2𝑥 − cos⁡ 𝑥 1 + sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = | 0 log⁡(1 + 𝑥) 2 |
2 2 2
2𝑥 1+𝑥 0
Expanding along 𝐶1 , we get
1
𝑓(𝑥) = [(2𝑥 − cos⁡ 𝑥)(−2 − 2𝑥 2 ) + 2𝑥 2
2
{2 + 2sin⁡ 𝑥 − cos⁡ log⁡(1 + 𝑥)}]
1
= [−2𝑥 2 (2𝑥 − cos⁡ 𝑥) − 4𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 𝑥 + 2𝑥 2
2
{2 + 2sin⁡ 𝑥 − cos⁡ log⁡(1 + 𝑥)}]
1
∴ Coefficient of 𝑥 in 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 (−4) = −2.
24. (a) The value of the determinant remains unchanged, if its rows and columns are interchanged.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦
25. (b) Let Δ = | 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 |
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 0
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦
= |𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 | = (b2 − ac)(ax 2 + 2bxy + cy 2 )
0 0 −(𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑦 2 )
[Applying R 3 → R 3 − xR1 − yR 2 ]
2
Now, b − ac < 0 and a < 0
⇒ Discriminant of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑦 2 is negative and 𝑎 < 0.
⇒ ax 2 + 2bxy + cy 2 < 0 for all, x, y ∈ 𝐑
⇒ Δ = (𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐)(𝑎2 + 2𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑦 2 ) > 0.
26. (c) If we interchange the identical rows (or columns) of the determinant Δ, then numerical value of Δ does
not change but due to interchange, the sign of Δ will change.
∴ Δ = −Δ ⇒ Δ = 0
1 1 1
27. (d) Given, 𝐷 = |1 1 + 𝑥 1 |
1 1 1+𝑦
Apply 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 and 𝑅 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
1 1 1
∴ 𝐷 = |0 𝑥 0| = 𝑥𝑦
0 0 𝑦
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Hence, 𝐷 is divisible by both 𝑥 and 𝑦

𝑥+𝛼 𝛽 𝛾
28. (a) Given | 𝛾 𝑥+𝛽 𝛼 |=0
𝛼 𝛽 𝑥+𝛾
Operate C1 → C1 + C2 + C3
𝑥+𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 𝛽 𝛾
|𝑥 + 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 𝑥 + 𝛽 𝛼 |=0
𝑥+𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 𝛽 𝑥+𝛾
1 𝛽 𝛾
= (𝑥 + 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾) |1 𝑥 + 𝛽 𝛼 |=0
1 𝛽 𝑥+𝛾
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −(𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾)
Again if
1 𝛽 𝛾 1 𝛽 𝛾
|1 𝑥 + 𝛽 𝛼| = 0 ⇒ |0 𝑥 𝛼 − 𝛾 | = 0
1 𝛽 𝛾 0 0 𝑥
⇒ x2 = 0 ⇒ x = 0
∴ Solutions of the equation are 𝑥 = 0, −(𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾)
29. (c)
𝑝 𝑞−𝑦 𝑟−𝑧
(c) |𝑝 − 𝑥 𝑞 𝑟 − 𝑧| = 0
𝑝−𝑥 𝑞−𝑦 𝑟
Apply 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 𝑅3 and 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅3 , we get
𝑥 0 −𝑧
| 0 𝑦 −𝑧| = 0
𝑝−𝑥 𝑞−𝑦 𝑟
⇒ x[yr + z(q − y)] − z[0 − y(p − x)] = 0
[Expansion along first row]
⇒ 𝑥𝑦𝑟 + 𝑥𝑧𝑞 − 𝑥𝑧𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧𝑝 − 𝑧𝑦𝑥 = 0
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
⇒ 𝑥𝑦𝑟 + 𝑧𝑥𝑞 + 𝑦𝑧𝑝 = 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 ⇒ + + = 2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
log⁡ 𝑎
30. (d) Replace log 𝑏 ⁡ 𝑎 by log⁡ 𝑏
log⁡ 𝑥 log⁡ 𝑦 log⁡ 𝑧
1
∴Δ= × |log⁡ 𝑥 3log⁡ 𝑦 log⁡ 𝑧 |
log⁡ 𝑥log⁡ 𝑦log⁡ 𝑧
log⁡ 𝑥 log⁡ 𝑦 5log⁡ 𝑧
Take log⁡ x, log⁡ y, log⁡ z common from C1 , C2 , C3 respectively.
1 1 1 1 0 0
Δ = |1 3 1| = |1 2 0| = 1 × 2 × 4 = 8
1 1 5 1 0 4
31. (b) Applying 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
1 0 1
Δ = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) |2𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 − 𝑎 2𝑏 |
2𝑐 2𝑐 𝑐−𝑎−𝑏
Applying C2 → C2 − C1 , C3 → C3 − C1 , we get
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1 1 0
Δ= (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) |2𝑏 −(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) 0 |
2𝑐 0 −(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
= (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3 . ∴ 𝑘 = 1
32.
𝑒𝑎 𝑒 2𝑎 𝑒 3𝑎 𝑒 𝑎 𝑒 2𝑎 1
(a) Δ = |𝑒 𝑏 𝑒 2𝑏
𝑒 3𝑏 | − | 𝑏
𝑒 𝑒 2𝑏 1|
𝑒𝑐 𝑒 2𝑐 𝑒 3𝑐 𝑒 𝑐 𝑒 2𝑐 1
𝑎 2𝑎
1 𝑒 𝑒 𝑒 𝑎 1 𝑒 2𝑎
= 𝑒 𝑎 ⋅ 𝑒 𝑏 ⋅ 𝑒 𝑐 |1 𝑒 𝑏 𝑒 2𝑏 | + |𝑒 𝑏 1 𝑒 2𝑏 |
1 𝑒 𝑐 𝑒 2𝑐 𝑒 𝑐 1 𝑒 2𝑐
𝑎 2𝑎 𝑎 2𝑎
1 𝑒 𝑒 1 𝑒 𝑒
= |1 𝑒 𝑏 𝑒 2𝑏 | − |1 𝑒 𝑏 𝑒 2𝑏 | = 0
1 𝑒 𝑐 𝑒 2𝑐 1 𝑒 𝑐 𝑒 2𝑐
{Since, a + b + c = 0. So, ea ⋅ eb ⋅ ec = 1 }
13 16 19
33. (d) Let A = |14 17 20|
15 18 21
Operate 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 , 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅2
13 16 19
Then 𝐴 = | 1 1 1| = 0 (∵ entry of two rows are same)
1 1 1
sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 1
34. (a) Let 𝐴 = |cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 1|
−10 12 2
Applying C1 → C1 + C2 , we get
sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 + cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥 cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥 1 1 cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥 1
𝐴 = |cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥 + sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 1| = |1 sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 1|
−10 + 12 12 2 2 12 2
Since, two columns are identical. ∴ 𝐴 = 0
35. (c) Given a, b, c are in A.P:
∴ 2b = a + c
𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+𝑎
Now, |𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 3 𝑥 + 𝑏 | [Applying 𝑅2 → 2𝑅2 ]
𝑥+3 𝑥+4 𝑥+𝑐
1 𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+𝑎
= |2𝑥 + 4 2𝑥 + 6 2𝑥 + 2𝑏|
2
𝑥+3 𝑥+4 𝑥+𝑐
𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+𝑎
1
= 2 |2𝑥 + 4 2𝑥 + 6 2𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑐)| [using equation (i)]
𝑥+3 𝑥+4 𝑥+𝑐
1 x + 1 x + 2 x + a 1
= | 0 0 0 |= ⋅0=0
2 2
x+3 x+4 x+c
[Applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − (𝑅1 + 𝑅3 ) ]
36. (a) We have,
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log⁡ 𝑦 log⁡ 𝑧
1
log⁡ 𝑥 log⁡ 𝑥 |
1 log 𝑥 ⁡ 𝑦 log 𝑥 ⁡ 𝑧 |
log⁡ 𝑥 log⁡ 𝑧
|log 𝑦 ⁡ 𝑥 1 log 𝑦 ⁡ 𝑧| = 1
log⁡ 𝑦 log⁡ 𝑦
log 𝑧 ⁡ 𝑥 log 𝑧 ⁡ 𝑦 1 |log⁡ 𝑥 log⁡ 𝑦 |
1
log⁡ 𝑧 log⁡ 𝑧
log⁡ 𝑥 log⁡ 𝑦 log⁡ 𝑧
1
= |log⁡ 𝑥 log⁡ 𝑦 log⁡ 𝑧| = 0
log⁡ 𝑥 ⋅ log⁡ 𝑦 ⋅ log⁡ 𝑧
log⁡ 𝑥 log⁡ 𝑦 log⁡ 𝑧
[∵ all rows are identical]
37.
2𝑦 + 4 5𝑦 + 7 8𝑦 + 𝑎 0 0 0
(a) |3𝑦 + 5 6𝑦 + 8 9𝑦 + 𝑏 | = |3𝑦 + 5 6𝑦 + 8 9𝑦 + 𝑏 | =
4𝑦 + 6 7𝑦 + 9 10𝑦 + 𝑐 4𝑦 + 6 7𝑦 + 9 10𝑦 + 𝑐
[𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅3 − 2𝑅2 and 𝑎 + 𝑐 − 2𝑏 = 0]
38. (b) Take a, b, c common from 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 respectively.
1 1 1
+1
a a a
|1 1 1 |
∴ Δ = abc + 1 +2
|b b b |
1 1 1
+1 +1 +3
c c c

Now apply
C3 → C3 − C2 and C2 → C2 − C1 & expand
1 1 1
Δ = 2abc [3 + + + ] = 0
a b c
As 𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑐 ≠ 0 ∴ 𝑎−1 + 𝑏 −1 + 𝑐 −1 = −3
39. (c) Value of the new determinant = (4) order of det. Δ = 43 Δ = 64Δ.
40. (b)
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sin2 ⁡ 13∘ cos 2 ⁡ 13∘ −1

(b) |cos2 ⁡ 13∘ −1 sin2 ⁡ 13∘ |
−1 sin2 ⁡ 13∘ cos 2 ⁡ 13∘
0 cos ⁡ 13∘
2
−1
= |0 −1 sin2 ⁡ 13∘ | = 0
0 sin ⁡ 13 cos2 ⁡ 13∘
2 ∘
Applying C1 → C1 + C2 + C3
41. (a) | − 2A| = (−2)3 |A| = −8Δ
42. (c) Given: a−1 + b−1 + c −1 = 0
1+a 1 1
and | 1 1+b 1 | = 𝜆,
1 1 1+c
1+𝑎 1 1
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
| 1 1+𝑏 1 |
⇒ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 =𝜆
| 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 |
1 1 1+𝑐
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
1 1 1
+1
a a a
| 1 1 1 |
⇒ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 +1 =𝜆
| b b b |
1 1 1
+1
c c c
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + +1 + + +1 + + +1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 a b c a b c
| 1 1 1 |
(R1 → R1 + R 2 + R 3 ) ⇒ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 +1 =𝜆
| b b b |
1 1 1
+1
c c c
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 | +1
⇒ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 ( + + + 1) |𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 || = 𝜆
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 1 1 1
+1
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
1 1 1
1 1 1
+1
⇒ 𝑎𝑏𝑐(1) ||𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 || = 𝜆
1 1 1
+1
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
1 1
R 2 → R1 − R 2 , R 3 → R1 − R 3
b c
1 1 1
⇒ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 |0 −1 0 | = 𝜆 ⇒ 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 𝜆
0 0 −1
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cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 ⋅ sin⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥

43. (b) We have |cos⁡ 𝑥sin⁡ 𝑥 sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥|
sin⁡ 𝑥 −cos⁡ 𝑥 0
1 0 −sin⁡ 𝑥
=| 0 1 cos⁡ 𝑥 |
sin⁡ 𝑥 −cos⁡ 𝑥 0
[Applying C1 → C1 − sin⁡ x ⋅ C3 and C2 → C2 + cos⁡ x ⋅ C3 ]
1 0 −sin⁡ 𝑥
= |0 1 cos⁡ 𝑥 | [Applying 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − sin⁡ 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑅1 ]
0 −cos⁡ 𝑥 sin2 ⁡ 𝑥
= sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 + cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 = 1 for all 𝑥.
[Expanding along C1 ]
−𝑎2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
44. (c) Let Δ = [ 𝑎𝑏 −𝑏 2 𝑏𝑐 ]
𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 −𝑐 2
Taking a, b, c common from 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 and 𝑅3 respectively, we get.
−𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 −1 1 1
Δ = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 [ 𝑎 −𝑏 𝑐 ] = 𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 [ 1 −1 1 ]
𝑎 𝑏 −𝑐 1 1 −1
[ taking a, b, c common from C1 , C2 , C3 respectively]
−1 0 0
= 𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 [ 1 0 2]
1 2 0
(applying C2 → C2 + C1 , C3 → C3 + C1 )
0 2
= a2 b2 c 2 ⋅ (−1) | | = a2 b2 c 2 (−1)(0 − 4)
2 0
⇒ Δ = 4𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥3
45. (c) Let A = |𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 3 |
𝑧 𝑧2 𝑧3
By taking 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 common from the rows 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 and 𝑅3 respectively. So,
1 𝑥 𝑥2
𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 |1 𝑦 𝑦 2 |
1 𝑧 𝑧2
Operate 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 and 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
1 𝑥 𝑥2
⇒ 𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 |0 𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 |.
0 𝑧 − 𝑥 𝑧2 − 𝑥2
Now take common 𝑦 − 𝑥 and 𝑧 − 𝑥 from therows 𝑅2 and 𝑅3 respectively. Thus
1 𝑥 𝑥2
𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧(𝑦 − 𝑥)(𝑧 − 𝑥) |0 1 𝑦 + 𝑥|
0 1 𝑧+𝑥
= 𝑥𝑦𝑧(𝑦 − 𝑥)(𝑧 − 𝑥)(𝑧 − 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦𝑧(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥)
Given |𝐴| = 0
So, xyz = 0 ∵ x ≠ y ≠ z (given)
46. (d) If the G.P be 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟, 𝑎𝑟 2 , … then 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1
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log⁡ 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)log⁡ 𝑟 log⁡ 𝑎 + 𝑛log⁡ 𝑟 log⁡ 𝑎 + (𝑛 + 1)log⁡ 𝑟

D=| log⁡ 𝑎 + 𝑛log⁡ 𝑟 log⁡ 𝑎 + (𝑛 + 1)log⁡ 𝑟 log⁡ 𝑎 + (𝑛 + 2)log⁡ 𝑟|
log⁡ 𝑎 + (𝑛 + 1)log⁡ 𝑟 log⁡ 𝑎 + (𝑛 + 2)log⁡ 𝑟 log⁡ 𝑎 + (𝑛 + 3)log⁡ 𝑟
𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅2 and 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 gives,
log⁡ 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)log⁡ 𝑟 log⁡ 𝑎 + 𝑛log⁡ 𝑟 log⁡ 𝑎 + (𝑛 + 1)log⁡ 𝑟
=| log⁡ 𝑟 log⁡ 𝑟 log⁡ 𝑟 |
log⁡ 𝑟 log⁡ 𝑟 log⁡ 𝑟
= 0, since 𝑅2 and 𝑅3 are identical.
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 1
47. (a) | sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 1|
cos⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) −sin⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) 1
cos⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛽 −sin⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛽 cos⁡ 𝛽
1
Applying 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 cos⁡ 𝛽 and 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 sin⁡ 𝛽 as below = cos⁡ 𝛽sin⁡ 𝛽 | sin⁡ 𝛼sin⁡ 𝛽 cos⁡ 𝛼sin⁡ 𝛽 sin⁡ 𝛽 |
cos⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) −sin⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) 1
Applying R 3 → R 3 − R1 + R 2
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 1
= | sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 1 |
0 0 1 + sin⁡ 𝛽 − cos⁡ 𝛽
= (1 + sin⁡ 𝛽 − cos⁡ 𝛽)(cos2 ⁡ 𝛼 + sin2 ⁡ 𝛼)
= 1 + sin⁡ 𝛽 − cos⁡ 𝛽
which is independent of 𝛼.
48. (d) Applying, 𝐶1 → 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 , we get
1 + (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2)𝑥 (1 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 (1 + 𝑐 2 )𝑥
𝑓(𝑥)= |1 + (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2)𝑥 1 + 𝑏 2 𝑥 (1 + 𝑐 2 𝑥)|
1 + (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2)𝑥 (1 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 1 + 𝑐 2 𝑥
1 (1 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 (1 + 𝑐 2 )𝑥
= |1 1 + 𝑏 2 𝑥 (1 + 𝑐 2 𝑥)|
1 (1 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 1 + 𝑐 2 𝑥
[As given that 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = −2 ∴ 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2 = 0 ]
Applying 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 , 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅3
0 𝑥−1 0
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = |0 1−𝑥 𝑥−1 |
1 (1 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 1 + 𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)2
Hence degree = 2.
49. (d)
𝑥+4 𝑥+9 𝑥+𝑝 0 0 𝑝 − 2𝑞 + 𝑟
|𝑥 + 5 𝑥 + 10 𝑥 + 𝑞 | = |𝑥 + 5 𝑥 + 10 𝑥+𝑞 |
𝑥 + 6 𝑥 + 11 𝑥 + 𝑟 𝑥 + 6 𝑥 + 11 𝑥+𝑟
= 0[𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 2𝑅2 + 𝑅3 ]
[since 𝑝 + 𝑟 = 2𝑞, hence all entries in first row become 0.]
50. (a) We can write Δ as,
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1 cot⁡ 𝛼 cot 2 ⁡ 𝛼
Δ = sin ⁡ 𝛼sin ⁡ 𝛽sin ⁡ 𝛾 |1 cot⁡ 𝛽 cot 2 ⁡ 𝛽 |
2 2 2

1 cot⁡ 𝛾 cot 2 ⁡ 𝛾
= sin2 ⁡ 𝛼sin2 ⁡ 𝛽sin2 ⁡ 𝛾(cot⁡ 𝛽 − cot⁡ 𝛼)
(cot⁡ 𝛾 − cot⁡ 𝛼)(cot⁡ 𝛾 − cot⁡ 𝛽)
= sin⁡(𝛼 − 𝛽)sin⁡(𝛼 − 𝛾)sin⁡(𝛽 − 𝛾)
It is clear from here that Δ cannot exceed 1 .
[∵ sin⁡ 𝜃 ≯ 1, for any 𝜃 ∈ 𝐑]
51. (a) The given determinant is
cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 1
| sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 1|
cos⁡(𝑥 + 𝑦) −sin⁡(𝑥 + 𝑦) 0
Applying 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − cos⁡ 𝑦𝑅1 + sin⁡ 𝑦𝑅2 , we get
cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 1
Δ=| sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 1 |
0 0 sin⁡ 𝑦 − cos⁡ 𝑦
By expanding along R 3 , we have
Δ = (sin⁡ 𝑦 − cos⁡ 𝑦)(cos2 ⁡ x + sin2 ⁡ x)
1 1
= (sin⁡ 𝑦 − cos⁡ 𝑦) = √2 [ sin⁡ 𝑦 − cos⁡ 𝑦]
√2 √2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= √2 [cos⁡ sin⁡ 𝑦 − sin⁡ cos⁡ 𝑦] = √2sin⁡ (𝑦 − )
4 4 4
Hence, −√2 ≤ Δ ≤ √2.
52. (c) Use determinant rule for area of triangle.
1 𝛼 0 1
|1 𝛼 1| = ±4
2
0 𝛼 1
Expand w. r.t. 𝑅1 ⇒ 𝑎 = ±8
Therefore, given points are (8, −8), (−8,8), (64, 𝛽).
If three points are collinear then slope will be equal by using two different co-ordinates.
−8 − 8 64 + 8
=
8+8 𝛽−8
𝛽 = −64
53. (c)
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Given Δ1 : Δ2 = 4: 7
𝑥 𝑦 1
1
Here, Δ1 = 2 | 1 1 1|
−4 3 1
1 1 1 1
&Δ2 = |−4 3 1|
2
−2 −5 1
Δ1 4 −2𝑥−5𝑦+7 4
Since, Δ = 7 ⇒ 36
= 7
2
⇒ 14𝑥 + 35𝑦 = −95
Equation of 𝐵𝐶 is 4𝑥 + 𝑦 = −13
Solve equations (i) & (ii)
−20 −11 −1 1
Here, point 𝑃 ( , ), point 𝑄 ( 2 , 0) &𝑅 (2 , 0)
7 7
1 1
So area of triangle 𝐴𝑄𝑅 = 2 × 1 × 1 = 2
−2 0 1
1
54. (d) Given 2 | 0 4 1| = 4 ⇒ | − 2(4 − 𝑘) + 1(0 − 0)| = 8
0 𝑘 1
⇒ −2(4 − k) + 1(0 − 0) = ±8 ⇒ (−8 + 2k) = ±8
Taking positive sign,
2k − 8 = 8 ⇒ 2k = 16 ⇒ k = 8
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Taking negative sign,

2k − 8 = −8
⇒ 2k = 0 ⇒ k = 0 ∴ k = 0,8
55. (a) Area of △ 𝐴𝐵𝐶 = 3 sq. units
1 1 3 1 1 3 1
⇒ |0 0 1| = ±3 ⇒ |0 0 1| = ±6
2
𝑘 0 1 𝑘 0 1
⇒ 1(0 − 0) − 3(0 − 𝑘) + 1(0 − 0) = ±6
⇒ 3𝑘 = ±6 ⇒ 𝑘 = ±2
56. (b) The area of triangle formed by the points (1,2), (𝑘, 5) and (7,11) is given by
1 2 1
1
Area = 2 |𝑘 5 1| = 0
7 11 1
or 1(5 − 11) − (𝑘 − 7) + 1(11𝑘 − 35) = 0
or −6 − 2𝑘 + 14 + 11𝑘 − 35 = 0
or 9k − 27 = 0 or k = 3
2 −3 5
57. (a) Given determinant is |6 0 4|
1 5 −7
−3 5
We have 𝑀31 = | | = −12 − 0 = −12
0 4
⇒ A31 = M31 = −12
2 5
𝑀32 = | | = 8 − 30 = −22 ⇒ 𝐴32 = −𝑀32 = 22
6 4
2 −3
𝑀33 = | | = 0 + 18 = 18 ⇒ 𝐴33 = 𝑀33 = 18
6 0
∴ a11 A31 + a12 A32 + a13 A33
= (2)(−12) + (−3)(22) + (5)(18)
= −24 − 66 + 90 = −90 + 90 = 0
2 −3 5
58. (a) Let A = |6 0 4|
1 5 −7
Here, a32 = 5 Then,
2 5
𝑐32 = (−1)3+2 | | = (−1)5 (8 − 30) = −(−22) = 22
6 4
∴ a32 ⋅ c32 = 5 × 22 = 110
59. (b) The element 𝑎11 = 2. Its minor is given by determinant of the matrix obtained by deleting the rows and
column which contain element 𝑎11 = 2
7 8
i.e., min of 𝑎11 = | | = 35 − 32 = 3
4 5
x sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
60. (a) Let Δ = |−sin⁡ 𝜃 −x 1 |
cos⁡ 𝜃 1 x
By expanding along first row, we get
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−𝑥 1 −sin⁡ 𝜃 1 −sin⁡ 𝜃 −𝑥
Δ=| | − sin⁡ 𝜃 | | + cos⁡ 𝜃 | |
1 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝜃 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝜃 1
= 𝑥(−𝑥 2 − 1) − sin⁡ 𝜃(−𝑥sin⁡ 𝜃 − cos⁡ 𝜃)
+cos⁡ 𝜃(−sin⁡ 𝜃 + 𝑥cos⁡ 𝜃)
= −𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑥sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 − sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 + 𝑥cos 2 ⁡ 𝜃
= −𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑥(sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + cos2 ⁡ 𝜃)[∵ sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + cos 2 ⁡ 𝜃 = 1]
= −𝑥 3 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 = −𝑥 3
Hence 𝐴 is independent of 𝜃.
0 1 1
61. (b) |A|max = [1 0 1] = 0 − (−1) + 1(1) = 2
1 1 0
∴ |A|min = −2
1 2 3
62. (d) The given matrix is A = [ ]
−4 −5 6
Since, this matrix is not a square matrix.
Therefore, its determinant does not exist.
1 a a2
63. (b) Δ = |cos⁡(p − d)x cos⁡ px cos⁡(p + d)x|
sin⁡(p − d)x sin⁡ px sin⁡(p + d)x
Expanding along first row, the determinant is
Δ = [cos⁡ pxsin⁡(p + d)x − sin⁡ pxcos⁡(p + d)x]
−𝑎[cos⁡(𝑝 − 𝑑)𝑥sin⁡(𝑝 + 𝑑)𝑥 − sin⁡(𝑝 − 𝑑)𝑥cos⁡(𝑝 + 𝑑)𝑥] + a2 [cos⁡(p − d)xsin⁡ px − sin⁡(p
− d)xcos⁡ px] = sin⁡(p + d − p)x − asin⁡(p + d − p + d)x + a2 sin⁡(p − p + d)x
= sin⁡ dx − asin⁡ 2dx + a2 sin⁡ dx
Clearly Δ is independent of 𝑝.
𝑎2 𝑎 1
64. (a) Let 𝐴 = |cos⁡ 𝑛𝑥 cos⁡(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 cos⁡(𝑛 + 2)𝑥|
sin⁡ 𝑛𝑥 sin⁡(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 sin⁡(𝑛 + 2)𝑥
2
= 𝑎 [sin⁡(𝑛 + 2)𝑥cos⁡(𝑛 + 1)𝑥 − cos⁡(𝑛 + 2)𝑥sin⁡(𝑛 + 1)𝑥] − 𝑎[sin⁡(𝑛 + 2)𝑥cos⁡ 𝑛𝑥 − cos⁡(𝑛
+ 2)𝑥sin⁡ 𝑛𝑥]
+1[sin⁡(n + 1)xcos⁡ nx − cos⁡(n + 1)xsin⁡ nx]
= 𝑎2 [sin⁡(𝑛 + 2 − 𝑛 − 1)𝑥] − 𝑎[sin⁡(𝑛 + 2 − 𝑛)𝑥]
= a2 sin⁡ x − asin⁡ 2x + sin⁡ x
+[sin⁡(𝑛 + 1 − 𝑛)𝑥]
Thus the value of the determinant is independent of 𝑛.
65.
𝑥 3 7
(a) Let 𝐴 = |2 𝑥 2| = 0
7 6 𝑥
⇒ x(x 2 − 12) − 3(2x − 14) + 7(12 − 7x) = 0
⇒ x 3 − 12x − 6x + 42 + 84 − 49x = 0
⇒ x 3 − 67x + 126 = 0
If (𝑥 + 9) is a factor of the given equation then (𝑥 + 9)(𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 14) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 14 = 0
Thus (𝑥 − 7)(𝑥 − 2) = 0 is the other factor.
66.
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−sin⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃
M12 = | | = −sin⁡ 𝜃 + sin⁡ 𝜃 = 0
−1 1
⇒c12 = −M12 = 0
1 1
(a) M22 = | | = 1 + 1 = 2 ⇒ C22 = M22 = 2
−1 1
1 1
M32 = | | = sin⁡ 𝜃 + sin⁡ 𝜃 = 2sin⁡ 𝜃
−sin⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃
𝑐32 = −𝑀32 = −2sin⁡ 𝜃
𝑟 r−1
67. (d) det⁡(Mr) = | | = 2r − 1
r−1 r
2014 2014

∑ det⁡(𝑀𝑟 ) = 2 ∑ 𝑟 − 2014
𝑟=1 𝑟=1
2014 × 2015
= 2× − 2014 = (2014)2
2
68. (b) |𝐴| = −7
∴ ∑3𝑖=1 𝑎𝑖2 𝐴𝑖2 = 𝑎12 𝐴12 + 𝑎22 𝐴22 + 𝑎32 𝐴32 = |𝐴| = −7
0 x 16
69. (b) Given |x 5 7 | = 0
0 9 x
⇒ 0(5x − 63) − x(x 2 − 0) + 16(9x − 0) = 0
⇒ −𝑥 3 + 144𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥(144 − 𝑥 2 ) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 0, ±12.
70. (c) In a triangle
cos⁡(A + B) = cos⁡(𝜋 − c) = −cos⁡ C
∴ cos⁡ 𝐴cos⁡ 𝐵 + cos⁡ 𝐶 = sin⁡ 𝐴sin⁡ 𝐵 etc.
sin⁡(𝐴 + 𝐵) = sin⁡ 𝐶 etc.
−1 cos⁡ 𝐶 cos⁡ 𝐵
Now Δ = |cos⁡ 𝐶 −1 cos⁡ 𝐴 |
cos⁡ 𝐵 cos⁡ 𝐴 −1
Expanding the given determinant, we get
Δ = −(1 − cos2 ⁡ A) + cos⁡ C[cos⁡ C + cos⁡ Acos⁡ B]
+cos⁡ 𝐵[cos⁡ 𝐵 + cos⁡ 𝐴cos⁡ 𝐶]
= −sin2 ⁡ A + cos⁡ C(sin⁡ Asin⁡ B) + cos⁡ B(sin⁡ Asin⁡ C)
= −sin2 ⁡ A + sin⁡ Asin⁡(B + C) = −sin2 ⁡ A + sin2 ⁡ A = 0
𝛼 2
71. (c) 𝐴 = [ ] and |𝐴3 | = 125 ⇒ |𝐴|3 = 125
2 𝛼
Now, |𝐴| = 𝛼 2 − 4 ⇒ (𝛼 2 − 4)3 = 125 = 53
⇒ 𝛼 2 − 4 = 5 ⇒ 𝛼 = ±3
72. (b) Given relation det⁡((A + I)(adj⁡(A) + I)) = 4, det (A) = −1,
Then, adj A = −A−1 .
|(𝐴 + 𝐼)𝐴−1 + 𝐼| = 4
|−I + A − A−1 + I| = 4
|𝐴 − 𝐴−1 | = 4
𝑎 𝑏 −𝑑 𝑏
Let 𝐴 = [ ] then 𝐴−1 = [ ]
𝑐 𝑑 𝑐 −𝑎
|𝐴 − 𝐴−1 | = [𝑎 + 𝑑 0
]=4
0 𝑑+𝑎
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(𝑎 + 𝑑)2 = 4 ⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑑 = ±2 ⇒ |𝑎 + 𝑑| = 2
2 −1 2 1
73. (c) 𝐴 = [ ] ⇒ adj⁡(A) = [ ]
0 2 0 2
1 0
Here B = I − 5 C1 (adj⁡ A) + 5 C2 (adj⁡ A)2 + ⋯ + 5
C5 (adj⁡ A)5 ⇒ (𝐼 − adj⁡ 𝐴)5 = ([ ]−
0 1
2 1 5 −1 −1 5
[ ]) = [ ]
0 2 0 −1
2 1 2 −1 −3
Now, 𝑃 = [ ] , 𝑃3 = [ ]
0 1 0 −1
1 4 −1 −5
𝑃4 = [ ] , 𝑃5 = [ ]
0 1 0 −1
B= P 5
∵ B = P5
−1 −1 5 −1 −5
⇒ B = (I − adj⁡ A)5 = [ ] =[ ].
0 −1 0 −1
Sum of its all elements = −7.
74. (a) Given expression is det⁡ (det⁡(A)adj⁡(5adj⁡(A3 )))
= |(det⁡(A))adj⁡(5adj⁡(A3 ))|
Here, |A| = 2
= |2adj⁡(5adj⁡(A3 ))| = 23 |adj⁡(5adj⁡(A3 ))|
Apply adj (A) = |A|𝑛−1
= 23 ⋅ |5adj⁡(A3 )|2 = 23 |53 ⋅|adj⁡(A3 )|2
= 23 56 ⋅ |adj⁡ A3 |2 = 23 ⋅ 56 ((|A|3 )2 )2
= 23 . 56 . 212 = 215 × 56 = 29 × 106 = 512 × 106 .
75. (c) det⁡(B−1 AB) = det⁡(B−1 )det⁡ 𝐴det⁡ B
= det⁡(B−1 ) ⋅ det⁡ B ⋅ det⁡ A = det⁡(B−1 B) ⋅ det⁡ A
= det⁡(I) ⋅ det⁡ A = 1. det⁡ A = det⁡ A.
a2 0 0
76. (c) Cofactor matrix = [ 0 a2 0 ]
0 0 a2
𝑎2 0 0
𝑇
∴ adj⁡ 𝐴 = ( Cofactor matrix ) = [ 0 𝑎2 0 ]
0 0 𝑎2
2
a 0 0
∴ |adj⁡ A| = | 0 a2 0 | = a6 .
0 0 a2
77. (c) 𝐴 ⋅ adj⁡ 𝐴 = |𝐴|𝐼
|𝐴| = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 8𝑥 − 3(𝑧 − 8) + 2(2 − 2𝑦)
|𝐴| = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 − (8𝑥 + 3𝑧 + 4𝑦) + 28 ⇒ 60 − 20 + 28 = 68
⇒ (adj⁡ 𝐴)−1 always exists whenever, (𝐴)−1 exists.
∴ A ⋅ adj⁡ A = |A|I
1 0 0 68 0 0
= 68 [0 1 0] = [ 0 68 0 ]
0 0 1 0 0 68
78. (b) Given set is S = {√n: 1 ≤ n ≤ 50 and n is odd }.
Required set is {√1, √3, √5 … … . . √49} with 25 terms.
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Now, expand ' 𝐴˙ ' w.r.t. 𝑅1

|𝐴| = 1 + 𝑎2
Take, ∑a∈S det⁡(adj⁡ A) = ∑a∈S |A|2 = ∑(1 + a2 )2
= (1 + 1)2 + (1 + 3)2 + (1 + 5)2 + ⋯ + (1 + 49)2
= 22 + 42 + 62 … + 502 = 22 (12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 252 )
25 × 26 × 51
= 22 ⋅ = 22100 = 100𝜆 ⇒ 𝜆 = 221
6
79. (c) Given |adj⁡(24A)| = |adj⁡ 3(adj⁡ 2A)|
⇒ |24𝑎|2 = |3adj⁡(2A)|2
⇒ (243 |A|)2 = (33 |adj⁡(2A)|)2 ⇒ 36 (|2A|2 )2
⇒ 246 |A|2 = (243 |A|)2 = 36 × 212 |A|4
246
⇒ |𝐴|2 = 6 = 64
3 × 212
80. (c) Given relation is 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐼.
1
Take, |𝐴| = 8 and |𝐴𝐵| = 1 ⇒ |𝐴||𝐵| = 1
1
⇒ |𝐵| = 1 ⇒ |𝐵| = 8
8
Now ∣ adj⁡(𝐵adj⁡(2𝐴)| = |𝐵adj⁡(2𝐴)|2
= |𝐵|2 |adj⁡(2𝐴)|2
= |𝐵|2 (|2𝐴|2 )2 = |𝐵|2 (26 |𝐴|2 )2
Put the value of |𝐵|&|𝐴|.
required value = 64
3 5 1 17
81. (b) Let 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ]
2 0 0 −10
3 5 1 17
∴ AB = [ ][ ]
2 0 0 −10
3 + 0 51 − 50 3 1
=[ ]=[ ]
2 + 0 34 − 0 2 34
3 1
⇒ |AB| = | | = 102 − 2 = 100
2 34
1 0 1 1 0 1 0
82. (c) A = [ ] ⇒ A−1 = 1 [ ]=[ ]
1 1 −1 1 −1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 −𝑛 1 0
𝐴−2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]𝐴 = [ ]
−1 1 −1 1 −2 1 −𝑛 1
1 0 3
83. (b) |A| = |2 1 1| = 2
0 0 2 2 2
∴ |adj⁡(adj⁡ 𝐴)| = |𝐴|(n−1) = |A|2 [∴ Here n = 3]
= 24 = 16
5 5𝛼 𝛼
84. (c) Since, 𝐴 = |0 𝛼 5𝛼 |
0 0 5
5 5𝛼 𝛼 5 5𝛼 𝛼
∴ A2 = |0 𝛼 5𝛼| |0 𝛼 5𝛼 |
0 0 5 0 0 5
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25 25𝛼 + 5𝛼 2 10𝛼 + 25𝛼 2

=|0 𝛼2 5𝛼 2 + 25𝛼 |
0 0 25
25 25𝛼 + 5𝛼 2 10𝛼 + 25𝛼 2
⇒ |𝐴2 | = | 0 𝛼2 5𝛼 2 + 25𝛼 |
0 0 25
2 2
= 25 | 𝛼 5𝛼 + 25𝛼 | = 625𝛼 2
0 25
∴ 625𝛼 2 = 25 (given)
⇒ |𝛼| = 1/5
85. (a) If 𝐴 is a non singular matrix of order 𝑚, then |adj⁡(A)| = |A|m−1 . Here m = 3
∴ |adj⁡(A)| = |A|3−1 = |A|2 ∴ n = 2
1 1
86. (a) 𝐴11 = | |= 1×1−1×1=0
1 1
1 1
𝐴12 = | |= 1×1−1×1=0
1 1
1 1
𝐴13 = | |= 1×1−1×1=0
1 1
1 1
A21 = | |= 1×1−1×1=0
1 1
1 1
𝐴22 = | |= 1×1−1×1= 0
1 1
1 1
𝐴23 = | |= 1×1−1×1= 0
1 1
1 1
𝐴31 = | |= 1×1−1×1= 0
1 1
1 1
𝐴32 = | |= 1×1−1×1= 0
1 1
1 1
𝐴33 = | |= 1×1−1×1= 0
1 1
A11 A12 𝐴˙13
adj⁡ A = [A21 A22 A23 ]
A31 A32 A33
0 0 0 0 0 0
or adj⁡ 𝐴 = [0 0 0] = [0 0 0]
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
|adj⁡ 𝐴| = [0 0 0] = 0
0 0 0
87. (b) |A| = 0 as the matrix A is singular
1 3 𝜆+2
∴ |A| = |2 4 8 |=0
3 5 10
Apply 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 and 𝑅3 → 𝑅2 − 3𝑅1 and expand.
−2(4 − 3𝜆) + 4(4 − 2𝜆) = 0 ⇒ 8 − 2𝜆 = 0 ⇒ 𝜆 = 4
88. (d) [𝑀(𝛼)𝑀(𝛽)]−1 = 𝑀(𝛽)−1 𝑀(𝛼)−1
cos⁡ 𝛼 sin⁡ 𝛼 0
−1
Now 𝑀(𝛼) = [−sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0]
0 0 1
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cos⁡(−𝛼) −sin⁡(−𝛼) 0
= [ sin⁡(−𝛼) cos⁡(−𝛼) 0] = 𝑀(−𝛼)
0 0 1
cos⁡ 𝛽 0 −sin⁡ 𝛽 cos⁡(−𝛽) 0 sin⁡(−𝛽)
−1
𝑀(𝛽) = [ 0 1 0 ]=[ 0 1 0 ]
sin⁡ 𝛽 0 cos⁡ 𝛽 −sin⁡(−𝛽) 0 cos⁡(−𝛽)
= 𝑀(−𝛽)[𝑀(𝛼)𝑀(𝛽)]−1 = 𝑀(−𝛽)𝑀(−𝛼)
0 1
0 −1 2 1 2
89. (b) M = [ ] [1 0 ] = [ ]
2 −2 0 −2 2
1 1
2 −2
|𝑀| = 6, adj⁡ 𝑀 = [ ]
2 1
1 2 −2 1/3 −1/3
𝑀 −1 = [ ]=[ ]
6 2 1 1/3 1/6
90. (d) Here X = A−1 B
3 −1/2 −1/2 9 1
i.e., 𝑋 = [−4 3/4 5/4] [52] = [ 3]
2 −3/4 −3/4 3×3 0 3×1 −21 3×1
91. (b) Let A be any 2 × 2 matrix.
10 0
Given 𝐴(adj⁡ 𝐴) = [ ]
0 10
1 0
⇒ 𝐴(adj⁡ 𝐴) = 10 [ ] = 10𝐼
0 1
where I = identity matrix of order 2 × 2.
1
We know 𝐴−1 = |𝐴| (Adj.A)
Pre multiplied by 'A', we get
A A ⋅ Adj⁡(A)
AA−1 = ⋅ (Adj⁡ A) ⇒ I =
|A| |A|
⇒ 𝐴(adj⁡ 𝐴) = |𝐴|𝐼
∴ From equations (i) and (ii), we have |𝐴| = 10
cos⁡ 2𝜃 −sin⁡ 2𝜃 Adj. 𝐴
92. (d) Let, 𝐴 = [ ] And 𝐴−1 = |𝐴|
sin⁡ 2𝜃 cos⁡ 2𝜃
Here |𝐴| = cos 2 ⁡ 2𝜃 − (−sin2 ⁡ 2𝜃) = cos 2 ⁡ 2𝜃 + sin2 ⁡ 2𝜃
= 1(∵ sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 = 1)
𝐴 𝐴12
And, Adj 𝐴 = | 11 |
𝐴21 𝐴22
Where, 𝐴11 = cofactor
and, 𝐴11 = (−1)1+1 ⋅ cos⁡ 2𝜃 = cos⁡ 2𝜃
𝐴12 = (−1)1+2 ⋅ sin⁡ 2𝜃 = −sin⁡ 2𝜃
𝐴21 = (−1)2+1 ⋅ (−sin⁡ 2𝜃) = +sin⁡ 2𝜃
𝐴22 = (−1)2+2 cos⁡ 2𝜃 = cos⁡ 2𝜃
cos⁡ 2𝜃 −sin⁡ 2𝜃 T
Hence, Adj⁡ 𝐴 = [ ]
sin⁡ 2𝜃 cos⁡ 2𝜃
cos⁡ 2𝜃 sin⁡ 2𝜃
Thus, Adj⁡(𝐴) = [ ]
−sin⁡ 2𝜃 cos⁡ 2𝜃
cos⁡ 2𝜃 sin⁡ 2𝜃
⇒ 𝐴−1 = [ ].
−sin⁡ 2𝜃 cos⁡ 2𝜃
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1 0 −1
93. (c) Given : A = [3 4 5 ]
0 6 7
∴ |𝐴| = 1(−2) − 1(18) = −20
Adj. 𝐴
we know that 𝐴−1 = |𝐴|
𝐴32
The element 𝑎23 will be , because Adj. 𝐴 is the transpose of the respective co-factors founded.
|𝐴|
8 −2
Now, A32 = 5 − (−3) = 8. Thus a23 = −20 = .
5
3 −2 4
1
94. (c) If A = [1 2 −1] and A−1 = k adj⁡(A)
0 1 1
−1 adj⁡(A)
Also, we know A = |A|
∴ By comparing (i) and (ii)
3 −2 4
|A| = k ⇒ |A| = |1 2 −1|
0 1 1
= 3(2 + 1) + 2(1 + 0) + 4(1 − 0) = 9 + 2 + 4 = 15
4 −5 −2
95. (b) A = [5 −4 2 ]
2 2 8
2 −4 2
𝐶11 = (−1) | | = −32 − 4 = −36
2 8
5 2
𝐶12 = (−1)3 | | = −(40 − 4) = −36
2 ⋅8
5 −4
𝐶13 = (−1)4 | | = 10 + 8 = 18
2 2
−5 −2
𝐶21 = (−1)3 | | = −(−40 + 4) = 36
2 8
4 −2
𝐶22 = (−1)4 | | = (32 + 4) = 36
2 8
4 −5
𝐶23 = (−1)5 | | = −(8 + 10) = −18
2 2
−5 −2
𝐶31 = (−1)4 | | = −10 − 8 = −18
−4 2
4 −2
𝐶32 = (−1)5 | | = −(8 + 10) = −18
5 2
4 −5
𝐶33 = (−1)6 | | = −16 + 25 = 9
5 −4
C11 C12 C13 ′
∴ adj⁡(A) = [C21 C22 C23 ]
C31 C32 C33
−36 −36 18 ′ −36 36 −18
= [ 36 36 −18] = [−36 36 −18]
−18 −18 9 18 −18 9
96. (c) Since A is singular matrix
⇒ |𝐴| = 0
⇒ 2𝑘 2 − 32 = 0 ⇒ k = ±4
97. (d) We have |adj⁡ 𝐴| = |𝐴|𝑛−1 , where 𝑛 is order of matrix 𝐴
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7 −5 7 −5
98. (c) (adj⁡ 𝐴 = [ ] ⇒ adj⁡ 𝐴 = [ ]
11 2 11 2
7 11
⇒ (adj⁡ 𝐴)′ = [ ]
−5 2
1
99. (d) 𝐴𝐵 = 6𝐼 ⇒ 𝐵 −1 = 6 𝐴
100. (c) 𝐴2 = 2𝐴 ⇒ |𝐴2 | = |2𝐴|
⇒ |𝐴 | = 23 |𝐴| [∵ |𝑘𝐴| = 𝑘 𝑛 |𝐴| for a matrix of order 𝑛]
2

⇒ either |𝐴| = 0 or |𝐴| = 8

But given that A is non-singular matrix
∴ |𝐴| = 82 = 64
101. (b)
b)
2 −1 1 2 −1
𝐴 ∣= 7, adj⁡ 𝐴 = [ ] , 𝐴−1 = [ ]
1 3 7 1 3
4 −2
∴ 14𝐴−1 = [ ]
2 6
𝛼 𝛽
102. (b) Let⁡ A = [ ]
𝛾 𝛿
C11 = 𝛿, C12 = −𝛾, C21 = −𝛽, C22 = 𝛼
𝛿 −𝛾 ′ 𝛿 −𝛽
∴ adj⁡ 𝐴 = [ ] =[ ].
−𝛽 𝛼 −𝛾 𝛼
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
103. (c) A2 = [0 0 1] [0 0 1] = [1 0 0] R1 ↔ R 2
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
= [0 0 1] R 2 ↔ R 3 = [0 1 0] = I
0 1 0 0 0 1
⇒ B0 = A49 + 2A98 = A + 2I
Now 𝐵𝑛 = adj⁡(𝐵𝑛−1 )∀𝑛 ≥ 1
⇒ B4 = Adj⁡(Adj⁡(Adj⁡(Adj⁡ B0 ))
4
= |B0 |(n−1) = |B0 |16
0 1 0 2 0 0 2 1 0
Now 𝐵0 = [0 0 1] + [0 2 0] = [0 2 1]
1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 2
= 2(4 − 0) − 1(0 − 1) = 9 ∴ B4 (9)16 = (3)32
4 −2
104. (b) Given matrix is 𝐴 = ( )
𝛼 𝛽
The characteristic equation for 𝐴 is |𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼| = 0
4−𝜆 −2
⇒| |=0
𝛼 𝛽−𝜆
expand w.r.t 𝑅1
⇒ (4 − 𝜆)(𝛽 − 𝜆) + 2𝛼 = 0 ⇒ 𝜆2 − (𝛽 − 4)𝜆) + 4𝛽 + 4𝛼 = 0
Here, 𝜆 should replace by 𝐴.
Then 𝐴2 − (𝛽 + 4)𝐴 + (4𝛽 + 2𝛼)𝐼 = 0
Compare above equation with given equation.
−9(𝛽 + 4) = 𝛾&4𝛽 + 2𝛼 = 18
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and |𝐴| = 4𝛽 + 2𝛽 = 18
105. (c) Inverse of an identity matrix is the matrix itself.
106. (d) Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be square matrices and 𝐴−1 , 𝐵 −1 be of same order. then (AB)−1 = B−1 ⋅ A−1.
𝜆 −1 4
107. (a) For invertible matrix, |−3 0 1| ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝜆(0 − 1) + 1(−6 + 1) + 4(−3 − 0) ≠ 0
−1 1 2
⇒ −𝜆 − 5 − 12 ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝜆 ≠ −17
108. (b) Now AB = 0 ⇒ |AB| = 0
⇒ |𝐴||𝐵| = 0

If |𝐴| ≠ 0, 𝐵 = 0 (not possible)

If |𝐵| ≠ 0, 𝐴 = 0 (not possible)
Hence |𝐴| = |𝐵| = 0
⇒ 𝐴𝑋 = 0 has infinitely many solutions
109. (c) Given system of equations are 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝛼𝑧 = 𝛽
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 14
From the given equations.
x+y =6−z
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 14 − 3𝑧
Subtract (i) from (ii),
⇒ 𝑦 = 8 − 2𝑧, then 𝑥 = 𝑧 − 2.
Now, put the values 𝑥&𝑦
in eq. 𝑧𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝛼𝑧 = 𝛽.
2(z − 2) + 5(8 − 2z) + 𝛼z = 𝛽
(𝛼 − 8)𝑧 = 𝛽 − 36
For having infinite solutions
𝛼 − 8 = 0&𝛽 − 36 = 0
𝛼 = 8, 𝛽 = 36
Required sum = 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 44
110. (b) The system of equation has no solution.
3sin⁡ 3𝜃 −1 1
D = |3cos⁡ 2𝜃 4 3| = 0
6 7 7
21sin⁡ 3𝜃 + 42cos⁡ 2𝜃 − 42 = 0
sin⁡ 3𝜃 + 2cos⁡ 2𝜃 − 2 = 0
4sin3 ⁡ 𝜃 + 4sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 − 3sin⁡ 𝜃 = 0
sin⁡ 𝜃[4sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + 4sin⁡ 𝜃 − 3] = 0
Number of solutions are 7 in (0,4𝜋)
111. (c) Given that system of equation has no solution
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2 −3 5
∴ |1 3 −1 | = 0
3 −1 𝜆2 − |𝜆|
⇒ 2(3𝜆2 − 3|𝜆| − 1) + 3(𝜆2 − |𝜆| + 3) + 5(−1 − 9) = 0
⇒ 6𝜆2 − 6|𝜆| − 2 + 3𝜆2 − 3|𝜆| + 9 − 50 = 0
⇒ 9|𝜆|2 − 9|𝜆| − 43 = 0.
D = 81 + 4 × 9 × 43 > 0
So 𝜆 has two distinct real roots.
112. (a)
113. (a) The system of equations will be consistent if
1 𝜆 2
Δ = |𝜆 1 −2| = 0
𝜆 𝜆 3
To evaluate Δ we use 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 followed by C2 → C2 − C1 to obtain
𝜆+1 𝜆+1 0 𝜆+1 0 0
Δ= | 𝜆 1 −2| = | 𝜆 1 − 𝜆 −2| .
𝜆 𝜆 3 𝜆 0 3
= 3(𝜆 + 1)(1 − 𝜆) = 3(1 − 𝜆2 )
For the system to be consistent, we must have
1 − 𝜆2 = 0 or 𝜆 = ±1.
114. (a) Consider first two equations :
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = −4 and 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = −6
2 3
We have Δ = | | = −1 ≠ 0
3 4
−4 3 2 −4
Δ𝑥 = | | = 2 and Δ𝑦 = | |=0
−6 4 3 −6
∴ x = −2 and y = 0
Now this solution satisfies all the equations, so the equations are consistent with unique solution.
115. (b) Given, 𝑥 = 𝑎3 𝑦 + 𝑎2 𝑧
𝑦 = 𝑎1 𝑧 + 𝑎3 𝑥
𝑧 = 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑎1 𝑦
Since, 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 are not all zero, therefore given system of equations has non-trivial solution.
1 −𝑎3 −𝑎2
∴ |𝑎3 −1 𝑎1 | = 0
𝑎2 𝑎1 −1
⇒ 𝑎12 + 𝑎22 + 𝑎32 + 2𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 = 1
Since, 𝑎1 = 𝑚 − [𝑚] and 𝑚 is not an integer.
∴ 0 < 𝑎1 < 1 ⇒ 0 < 1 − 𝑎12 < 1
From Eq. (iv), 1 − 𝑎2 2 − 𝑎3 2 = 𝑎1 2 + 2𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3
⇒ 1 − 𝑎2 2 − 𝑎3 2 + 𝑎2 𝑎3 2 = 𝑎1 2 + 2𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 + 𝑎2 𝑎3 2
⇒ (1 − 𝑎22 )(1 − 𝑎32 ) = (𝑎1 + 𝑎2 𝑎3 )2
Similarly, (1 − 𝑎12 )(1 − 𝑎3 2 ) = (𝑎2 + 𝑎1 𝑎3 )2
(1 − 𝑎12 )(1 − 𝑎22 ) = (𝑎3 + 𝑎1 𝑎2 )2
2 (𝑎3 +𝑎1 𝑎2 )2
From Eq. (viii), 1 − 𝑎2 => 0 ⋅ 1−𝑎1 2
2 2 2 2)
From Eq. (viii), 1 − 𝑎3 > 0 ⇒ 3 − (𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 >0
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⇒ 𝑎1 2 + 𝑎2 2 + 𝑎3 2 < 3 ⇒ 1 − 2𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 < 3 [From Eq. (iv)]

⇒ 𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 > −1
116. (d) Since the system has no solution
2 −1 −4
|1 −2 −1| = 0 ⇒ 2(−2𝜆 + 1) + 1(𝜆 + 1) − 4(3) = 0
1 1 𝜆
⇒ −4𝜆 + 2 + 𝜆 + 1 − 12 = 0 ⇒ −3𝜆 = 9 ⇒ 𝜆 = −3
117. (b)
1 𝑎 −1
|2 −1 𝑎 | = 0
𝑎 1 2
Applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 and 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑎𝑅1 , we get
1 𝑎 −1
|0 −1 − 2𝑎 𝑎 + 2| = 0
0 1 − 𝑎2 2 + 𝑎
Expanding along 𝐶1 , we get
(𝑎 + 2)(𝑎2 − 2𝑎 − 2) = 0 ⇒ 𝑎 = −2,1 ± √3
118. (b) By using Cramer's rule, the solution of the system is
Δx Δy 3 m
x = Δ , y = Δ , where Δ = | | = (15 + 2m)
2 −5
m m 3 m
Δ𝑥 = | | = −25m, Δy = | | = 60 − 2m
20 −5 2 20
−25m 25m(15+2m)
⇒ x = −(15+2m) = (15+2m)2 > 0,
15
for m > 0 or m < − 2
60−2𝑚 2(𝑚−30)(15+2𝑚)
Also, 𝑦 = −(15+2𝑚) = >0
(15+2𝑚)2
15
for m > 30 or m < − 2
15
⇒ 𝑥 > 0, 𝑦 > 0 for 𝑚 > 30 or 𝑚 − 2
15
for 𝑚 = − 2 , the system has no solution.
1 2 1 3 2 1
119. (c) 𝐷 = |2 3 1| = 0; 𝐷1 = |3 3 1| ≠ 0
3 5 2 1 5 2
⇒ Given system, does not have any solution.
⇒ No solution
120. (c) The system is homogenuous system.
∴ it has either unique solution or infinite many solution depend on |A|
1 1 1
∴ |𝐴| = |2 1 −1| = 2 × 1 + 1(−3) + (4 − 3)
3 2 0
=2−3+1=0
Hence, system has infinitely many solution.
121. (a) The system of equations 𝑘𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 1,
(𝑘 − 1)𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 2, (𝑘 + 2)𝑧 = 3 will have a unique solution if Δ ≠ 0
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𝑘 2 −1
∴ |0 𝑘 − 1 −2 | ≠ 0
0 0 𝑘+2
⇒ k(k − 1)(k + 2) ≠ 0 ∴ k ≠ 0, k ≠ 1, k ≠ −2,
∴ From the choices, we have k = −1
122. (a)
0 0 −1
(a) 𝐴 = [ 0 −1 0 ]
−1 0 0
−1 0 0
−1
clearly 𝐴 ≠ 0. Also |𝐴| = −1 ≠ 0 ∴ 𝐴 exists, further (−1)𝐼 = [ 0 −1 0 ] ≠ 𝐴
0 0 −1
0 0 −1 0 0 −1 1 0 0
Also 𝐴2 = [ 0 −1 0 ] [ 0 −1 0 ] = [0 1 0] = 𝐼
−1 0 0 −1 0 0 0 0 1
123. (b) A system of linear equations like
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 𝑐1 .
a2 x + b2 y = c2 .
can be represented in matrix form as
𝑎 𝑏1 𝑥 𝑐1
[ 1 ] [𝑦 ] = [𝑐 ]
𝑎2 𝑏2 2
124. (b) For getting infinite solutions Δ = 0, Δ1 = Δ2 = Δ = 0 then check all the three equations
2 1 −1
Let Δ = |1 −3 2 | = 0 ⇒ 𝛿 = −3
1 4 𝛿
7 1 −1
And Δ1 = | 1 −3 2 | = 0 ⇒ 𝐾 = 6
𝐾 4 −3
⇒𝛿+𝐾 =3
125. (b) System has no solution when determinant is equal to 𝑂.
2 3 −1
|1 1 1 |=0
1 −1 |𝜆|
Expand 𝜔. 𝑟. 𝑡. 𝑅1
⇒ |𝜆| = 7 ⇒ 𝜆 = ±7
System:
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = −2
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 =4
𝑥 − 𝑦 + |𝜆|𝑧 = 4𝜆 − 4
Eliminating y from equal (ii) & (iii) we get 𝑥 + 4𝑧 = 14
Add equations (iii) & (iv),
|𝜆| + 1
⇒x+( ) z = 2𝜆
2
For 𝜆 = 7, Δ gives equal to 𝑂&
for 𝜆 = −7, Δ would be not equal to 0 .
EXERCISE - 2
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2𝑥 5 6 −2
1. (c) Since, | |=| |
8 𝑥 7 3
So, 2𝑥 2 − 40 = 18 + 14 ⇒ 2𝑥 2 = 32 + 40
⇒ x 2 = 36. Hence, 𝑥 = ±6
𝑎−𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑎 𝑎+𝑐 𝑏+𝑐+𝑎 𝑎
2. (d) Since, |𝑏 − 𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑏 | = |𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑐 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑏 | [Applying 𝐶1 → 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 and 𝐶2 → 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 ]
𝑐−𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐 𝑐+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑐
𝑎+𝑐 1 𝑎
= (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) |𝑏 + 𝑐 1 𝑏 |
𝑐+𝑏 1 𝑐
𝑎−𝑏 0 𝑎−𝑐
= (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) | 0 0 𝑏 − 𝑐|
𝑐+𝑏 1 𝑐
[Applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅3 and 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 𝑅3 ] = −(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑎 − 𝑏) = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
3. (b) Since, area of a triangle having vertices (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) and (𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) is given by
1 𝑥1 𝑦1 1 1 −3 0 1
Δ = |𝑥2 𝑦2 1| . So, Δ = | 3 0 1|
2 𝑥 𝑦 1 2
3 3 0 𝑘 1
After expanding along 𝑅1 , we get
1
9 = [−3(−𝑘) + 0 + 3𝑘] ⇒ 18 = 3𝑘 + 3𝑘 = 6𝑘
2
18
Hence, 𝑘 = 6 = 3
𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐
4. (d) Since, |𝑎𝑏 − 𝑎2 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑏 |
𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑎2
𝑏(𝑏 − 𝑎) 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐(𝑏 − 𝑎) 𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐
= |𝑎(𝑏 − 𝑎) 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏(𝑏 − 𝑎)| = (𝑏 − 𝑎)2 |𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 |
𝑐(𝑏 − 𝑎) 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑎(𝑏 − 𝑎) 𝑐 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎
𝑏−𝑐 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐
= (𝑏 − 𝑎)2 |𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 |, [Applying 𝐶1 → 𝐶1 − 𝐶3 ]
𝑐−𝑎 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎
=0
As, two columns 𝐶1 and 𝐶2 are identical.
5. (c)
sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
|cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 | = 0
cos⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥
Applying C1 → C1 + C2 + C3 , we get
sin⁡ 𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
|sin⁡ 𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥| = 0
2cos⁡ 𝑥 + sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥
taking (sin⁡ 𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 𝑥) common from 𝐶1
1 cos⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
(sin⁡ 𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 𝑥) |1 sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥| = 0
1 cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥
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1 cos⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
Applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 and 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1 (sin⁡ 𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 𝑥) |0 sin⁡ 𝑥 − cos⁡ 𝑥 0 |=0
0 0 sin⁡ 𝑥 − cos⁡ 𝑥
(sin⁡ 𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 𝑥)(sin⁡ 𝑥 − cos⁡ 𝑥)2 = 0
⇒ sin⁡ 𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 𝑥 = 0 or (sin⁡ 𝑥 − cos⁡ 𝑥)2 = 0
𝜋
⇒ tan⁡ 𝑥 = −2 or tan⁡ 𝑥 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = −tan−1 ⁡(2) or 𝑥 = 4
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
∵ − tan−1 ⁡(2) ∉ [− 4 , 4 ] So, 𝑥 = 4
Hence, number of roots = 1
−1 cos⁡ 𝐶 cos⁡ 𝐵
6. (a) Since, |cos⁡ 𝐶 −1 cos⁡ 𝐴 |
cos⁡ 𝐵 cos⁡ 𝐴 −1
After applying 𝐶1 → 𝑎𝐶1 + 𝑏𝐶2 + 𝑐𝐶3, we get
−𝑎 + 𝑏cos⁡ 𝐶 + 𝑐cos⁡ 𝐵 cos⁡ 𝐶 cos⁡ 𝐵
| 𝑎cos⁡ 𝐶 − 𝑏 + 𝑐cos⁡ 𝐴 −1 cos⁡ 𝐴 |
𝑎cos⁡ 𝐵 + 𝑏cos⁡ 𝐴 − 𝑐 cos⁡ 𝐴 −1
−𝑎 + 𝑎 cos⁡ 𝐶 cos⁡ 𝐵 0 cos⁡ 𝐶 cos⁡ 𝐵
| 𝑏−𝑏 −1 cos⁡ 𝐴 | = |0 −1 cos⁡ 𝐴 | = 0
𝑐 − 𝑐 cos⁡ 𝐴 −1 0 cos⁡ 𝐴 −1
[𝑎 = 𝑏cos⁡ 𝐶 + 𝑐cos⁡ 𝐵, 𝑏 = 𝑐cos⁡ 𝐴 + 𝑎cos⁡ 𝐶
and 𝑐 = 𝑎cos⁡ 𝐵 + 𝑏cos⁡ 𝐴]
7.
cos⁡ 𝑡 𝑡 1
(a) Since, 𝑓(𝑡) = |2sin⁡ 𝑡 𝑡 2𝑡|
sin⁡ 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
After expanding along 𝐶1 ,
= (𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 2 )cos⁡ 𝑡 − 2(𝑡 2 − 1)sin⁡ 𝑡 + (2𝑡 2 − 𝑡)sin⁡ 𝑡
= −𝑡 2 cos⁡ 𝑡 + 2𝑡sin⁡ 𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) (−𝑡 2 cos⁡ 𝑡) 2𝑡sin⁡ 𝑡
Now, lim𝑡→0 = lim𝑡→0 + lim𝑡→0
𝑡2 𝑡2 𝑡2
sin⁡ 𝑡
= −lim𝑡→0 cos⁡ 𝑡 + 2lim𝑡→0 = −cos⁡ 0 + 1
𝑡
sin⁡ 𝑥
= −1 + 1 = 0 [lim𝑥→0 = 1]
𝑥
1 1 1
8. (a) Δ = | 1 1 + sin⁡ 𝜃 1|
1 + cos⁡ 𝜃 1 1
Applying 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 𝑅3 and 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅3 , we get
−cos⁡ 𝜃 0 0
Δ = | −cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 0|
1 + cos⁡ 𝜃 1 1
Expanding along C3
−1
Δ = 1(−cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 − 0) = −cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 = sin⁡ 2𝜃
2
We know, −1 ≤ sin⁡ 2𝜃 ≤ 1
−1 1 1 1 1 −1
⇒ ≤ sin⁡ 2𝜃 ≤ ⇒ ≥ − sin⁡ 2𝜃 ≥
2 2 2 2 2 2
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1 1 1 −1 1
i.e., − 2 ≤ − 2 sin⁡ 2𝜃 ≤ 2 ⇒ ≤Δ≤2
2
1
Hence, maximum value of Δ is 2
9.
0 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑏
(c) 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 𝑎 0 𝑥 − 𝑐|
𝑥+𝑏 𝑥+𝑐 0
Expanding along R1
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 − (𝑥 − 𝑎)[0 − (𝑥 − 𝑐)(𝑥 + 𝑏)]
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑐)(𝑥 + 𝑏) + (𝑥 − 𝑏)(𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑐)
Now, 𝑓(0) = (0 − 𝑎)(0 − 𝑐)(0 + 𝑏) + (0 − 𝑏)(0 + 𝑎)(0 + 𝑐)
= (−𝑎)(−𝑐)(𝑏) + (−𝑏)(𝑎)(𝑐) = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 0
10.
2 𝜆 −3
(d) Since, 𝐴 = |0 2 5 |
1 1 3
After expanding along 𝑅1 , we get
|𝐴| = 2(6 − 5) − 𝜆(−5) − 3(−2) = 5𝜆 + 8
As, A−1 exists, so |𝐴| ≠ 0 ∴ 5𝜆 + 8 ≠ 0
−8
So, 𝜆 ≠ 5
11. (d) It is given that 𝐴 and 𝐵 are invertible matrices
adj⁡ 𝐴
So, 𝐴−1 = ∴ adj⁡ A = |A| ⋅ A−1
|𝐴|
Now, det⁡(𝐴)−1 = [det⁡(𝐴)]−1 and (𝐴𝐵)−1 = 𝐵 −1 𝐴−1 and (𝐴 + 𝐵)−1 ≠ 𝐵 −1 + 𝐴−1
1+𝑥 1 1
12. (d) Since, | 1 1+𝑦 1 |=0
1 1 1+𝑧
After applying 𝐶1 → 𝐶1 − 𝐶3 and 𝐶2 → 𝐶2 − 𝐶3, we get
𝑥 0 1
|0 𝑦 1 |=0
−𝑧 −𝑧 1 + 𝑧
Now, expanding along 𝑅1 , we get
𝑥{𝑦(1 + 𝑧) + 𝑧} − 0 + 𝑦𝑧 = 0
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑥𝑧 𝑦𝑧
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 = 0 ⇒ + + + =0
𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝑥𝑦𝑧
1 1 1
So, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 1 = 0
Hence, 𝑥 −1 + 𝑦 −1 + 𝑧 −1 = −1
𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 + 2𝑦 3(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑦
13. (b) Since, |𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦 | = |3(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑥 𝑦 |
𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑥 3(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑥 + 2𝑦 −2𝑦
[Applying 𝐶1 → 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 and 𝐶3 → 𝐶3 − 𝐶2 ]
1 (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑦
= 3(𝑥 + 𝑦) |1 𝑥 𝑦 |
1 (𝑥 + 2𝑦) −2𝑦
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0 𝑦 0
= 3(𝑥 + 𝑦) |1 𝑥 𝑦 | [Applying 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 ]
1 (𝑥 + 2𝑦) −2𝑦
= 3(𝑥 + 𝑦)(−𝑦)(−2𝑦 − 𝑦)
= 9𝑦 2 (𝑥 + 𝑦)
[Expanding along 𝑅1 ]
1 −2 5
14. (c) Since, Δ = |2 𝑎 −1| = 86
0 4 2𝑎
⇒ {2𝑎2 + 4} − 2(−4𝑎 − 20) + 0 = 86
⇒ 2𝑎2 + 8𝑎 + 44 − 86 = 0 ⇒ 𝑎2 + 4𝑎 − 21 = 0
⇒ 𝑎2 + 7𝑎 − 3𝑎 − 21 = 0 ⇒ (𝑎 + 7)(𝑎 − 3) = 0
⇒ 𝑎 = −7,3
15. (b) For non-trivial solution,
1 𝜆 −1
|𝜆 −1 −1| = 0 ⇒ −𝜆(𝜆 + 1)(𝜆 − 1) = 0 ⇒ 𝜆 = 0, +1, −1
1 1 −𝜆
k −3k 1∥
1∥∥
16. (a) We have 2 ∥ 5 k 1∥∥ = 28
∥−k 2 1∥
⇒ 5𝑘 2 + 13𝑘 − 46 = 0 or 5𝑘 2 + 13𝑘 + 66 = 0
Now, 5𝑘 2 + 13𝑘 − 46 = 0
−13 ± √1089 −23
⇒k= ∴k= ;k = 2
10 5
since k is an integer, ∴ k = 2 Also 5k 2 + 13k + 66 = 0
−13±√−1151
⇒ 𝑘= . So no real solution exist
10
For orthocentre BH ⊥ AC
𝛽−2 8
∴( ) ( ) = −1 ⇒ 𝛼 − 2𝛽 = 1
𝛼 − 5 −4
𝛽−2 8
Also CH ⊥ AB ∴ (𝛼+2) (3) = −1
⇒ 3𝛼 + 8𝛽 = 1
1 1
Solving (i) and (ii), we get 𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 2 orthocentre is (2, 2).
1 1 1
17. (a) D = |1 a 1| = 0
a b 1
⇒ 1[a − b] − 1[1 − a] + 1[b − a2 ] = 0
⇒ (𝑎 − 1)2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑎 = 1
For a = 1, First two equations are identical ie. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1
To have no solution with x + by + z = 0 b = 1
So b = {1} ⇒ It is singleton set.
18. (b) Given 2𝜔 + 1 = 𝑧; 𝑧 = √3i
√3𝑖−1
⇒ 𝜔 = 2 ⇒ 𝜔 is complex cube root of unity
Applying 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
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3 0 0
= |1 −𝜔 − 1 𝜔2 |
2

1 𝜔2 𝜔
= 3(−1 − 𝜔 − 𝜔) = −3(1 + 2𝜔) = −3𝑧 ⇒ 𝑘 = −𝑧
𝑥−4 2𝑥 2𝑥
19. (b) Here, | 2𝑥 𝑥−4 2𝑥 | = (𝐴 + 𝐵𝑥)(𝑥 − 𝐴)2
2𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥−4
−4 0 0
Put 𝑥 = 0 ⇒ | 0 −4 0 | = 𝐴3 ⇒ 𝐴3 = (−4)3
0 0 −4
⇒ 𝐴 = −4
𝑥−4 2𝑥 2𝑥
⇒ | 2𝑥 𝑥−4 2𝑥 | = (𝐵𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 4)2
2𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥−4
Now take 𝑥 common from both the sides
4
1− 2𝑥 2𝑥
𝑥
| 4 | 4 4 2
∴ 2𝑥 1− 2𝑥 = (𝐵 − ) (1 + )
| 𝑥 | 𝑥 𝑥
4
2𝑥 2𝑥 1−
𝑥
1
Now take 𝑥 → ∞, then 𝑥 → 0
1 2 2
⇒ |2 1 2| = 𝐵 ⇒ 𝐵 = 5 ∴ ordered pair (𝐴, 𝐵) is (−4,5)
2 2 1
20. (a) For non zero solution of the system of linear equations;
1 𝑘 3
|3 𝑘 −2| = 0 ⇒ 𝑘 = 11
2 4 −3
Now equations become
x + 11y + 3z = 0
3𝑥 + 11𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 02𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 0
Adding equations (i) & (iii) we get
3𝑥 + 15𝑦 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −5𝑦
Now put 𝑥 = −5𝑦 in equation (i), we get
−5𝑦 + 11𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0 ⇒ 𝑧 = −2𝑦
xz (−5y)(−2y)
∴ 2= = 10
y y2
21. (d) Since the system of linear equations are 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 5
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + (𝑎2 − 1)𝑧 = 𝑎 + 1
1 1 1
Now, Δ = |2 3 2 |
2 3 𝑎2 − 1
1 1 1
⇒ Δ = |2 3 2 | (Applying 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅2 )
2
0 0 𝑎 −3
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= 𝑎2 − 3 When, Δ = 0 ⇒ 𝑎2 − 3 = 0 ⇒ |𝑎| = √3
If 𝑎2 = 3, then plane represented by eqn (ii) and eqn (iii) are parallel.
Hence, the given system of equation is inconsistent.
22. (c) Let 𝑎 = 𝑤 and 𝑏 = 𝑤 2 are roots of 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑦+1 𝜔 𝜔2
& Let Δ = | 𝜔 𝑦 + 𝜔2 1 |=Δ
2
𝜔 1 𝑦+𝜔
Applying 𝐶1 → 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 , we get
𝑦 + 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 𝜔 𝜔2
Δ = |𝑦 + 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 𝑦 + 𝜔2 1 |
2
1+𝜔+𝜔 +𝑦 1 𝑦+𝜔
2
𝑦 𝜔 𝜔
Δ = |𝑦 𝑦 + 𝜔2 1 | (∵ 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0)
𝑦 1 𝑦+𝜔
1 𝜔 𝜔2
Δ = 𝑦 |1 𝑦 + 𝜔2 1 |
1 1 𝑦+𝜔
Applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 &𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1 , we get
𝑦 + 𝜔2 − 𝜔 1 − 𝜔2
Δ = 𝑦| |
1−𝜔 𝑦 + 𝜔 − 𝜔2
⇒ Δ = 𝑦[𝑦 − (𝜔 − 𝜔2 )(𝑦 + (𝜔 − 𝜔2 ) − (1 − 𝜔)(1 − 𝜔2 )]
⇒ Δ = 𝑦[𝑦 2 − (𝜔 − 𝜔2 )2 − 1 + 𝜔2 + 𝜔 − 𝜔3 ]
⇒ Δ = 𝑦[𝑦 2 − 𝜔2 − 𝜔4 + 2𝜔3 − 1 + 𝜔2 + 𝜔4 − 𝜔3 ](∵ 𝜔4 = 𝜔)
⇒ Δ = y(𝑦 2 ) = y 3
23. (a) det⁡(𝐴) = |𝐴|
𝑒 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑡 𝑒 −𝑡 sin⁡ 𝑡
= |𝑒 𝑡 −𝑒 −𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 sin⁡ 𝑡 −𝑒 −𝑡 sin⁡ 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑡|
𝑒 𝑡 2𝑒 −𝑡 sin⁡ 𝑡 −2𝑒 −𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑡
1 cos⁡ 𝑡 sin⁡ 𝑡
= 𝑒 𝑡 ⋅ 𝑒 −𝑡 ⋅ 𝑒 −𝑡 |1 −cos⁡ 𝑡 − sin⁡ 𝑡 −sin⁡ 𝑡 + cos⁡ 𝑡|
1 2sin⁡ 𝑡 −2cos⁡ 𝑡
0 2cos⁡ 𝑡 + sin⁡ 𝑡 2sin⁡ 𝑡 − cos⁡ 𝑡 𝑅 → 𝑅 − 𝑅
= 𝑒 −𝑡 |0 −cos⁡ 𝑡 − 3sin⁡ 𝑡 −sin⁡ 𝑡 + 3cos⁡ 𝑡| 1 1 2
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + 𝑅3
1 2sin⁡ 𝑡 −2cos⁡ 𝑡
0 −5sin⁡ 𝑡 5cos⁡ 𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑡 |0 −cos⁡ 𝑡 − 3sin⁡ 𝑡 −sin⁡ 𝑡 + 3cos⁡ 𝑡| 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 2𝑅2
1 2sin⁡ 𝑡 −2cos⁡ 𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑡 [(−5sin⁡ 𝑡)(−sin⁡ 𝑡 + 3cos⁡ 𝑡) − 5cos⁡ 𝑡(−cos⁡ 𝑡 − 3sin⁡ 𝑡)
= 5𝑒 −𝑡 ≠ 0, ∀𝑡 ∈ 𝑅 ∴ 𝐴 is invertible.
24. (a) For non-zero solution
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2 2𝑎 𝑎 1 2𝑎 𝑎
|2 3𝑏 𝑏 | = 0 ⇒ |1 3𝑏 𝑏 | = 0
2 4𝑐 𝑐 1 4𝑐 𝑐
⇒ (3𝑏𝑐 − 4𝑏𝑐) − (2𝑎𝑐 − 4𝑎𝑐) + (2𝑎𝑏 − 3𝑎𝑏) = 0
⇒ −𝑏𝑐 + 2𝑎𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏 = 0 ⇒ 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 2𝑎𝑐
2 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ = + ⇒ , , in A.P.
𝑏 𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝜃
1 −tan⁡ 2
25. (13) 𝐼2 + 𝐴 = [ 𝜃
]
tan⁡ 2 1
𝜃
1 tan⁡
𝐼2 − 𝐴 = [ 2]
𝜃
−tan⁡ 1
2
𝜃
1 1 −tan⁡
⇒ (𝐼2 − 𝐴)−1 = [ 2]
sec 2 ⁡ 2 tan⁡ 𝜃
𝜃
1
2
Now, (𝐼2 + 𝐴)(𝐼2 − 𝐴)−1
𝜃 𝜃
1 1 − tan2 ⁡ −2tan⁡
= [ 2 2 ]
2 𝜃
1 + tan ⁡ 2 2tan⁡ 𝜃 𝜃
1 − tan2 ⁡
2 2
cos⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃 𝑎 −𝑏
=[ ]=[ ]
sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 𝑏 𝑎
On comparing
26. (21) ∵ 𝐷 = 0
𝑘 1 2
∴ 𝐷𝑦 = | 3 2 −2| = 0
−2 3 −4
⇒ −2𝑘 + 16 + 26 = 0
⇒ 𝑘 = 21
27. (b) Given relation det⁡((𝐴 + 𝐼)(adj⁡(𝐴) + 𝐼)) = 4, det (𝐴) = −1, Then, adj⁡ 𝐴 = −𝐴−1 .
|(A + I)A−1 + I| = 4
|−I + A − A−1 + I| = 4
|𝐴 − 𝐴−1 | = 4
𝑎 𝑏 −𝑑 𝑏
Let 𝐴 = [ ] then 𝐴−1 = [ ]
𝑐 𝑑 𝑐 −𝑎
|𝐴 − 𝐴−1 | = [𝑎 + 𝑑 0
]=4
0 𝑑+𝑎
(𝑎 + 𝑑)2 = 4; 𝑎 + 𝑑 = ±2
|𝑎 + 𝑑| = 2
28. (b) Putx = 0,
1 0 0 9 93 9 𝜆 3
3
|0 𝜆 0 | = × 81; 𝜆 = 3 ∴ 𝜆 , =
8 2 2 3 2
0 0 𝜆2
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9 3 27
∴ Required equation is : x 2 − x (2 + 2) x + 4 = 0
⇒ 4x 2 − 24x + 27 = 0
29.
1 2 3
(d) 𝐴 = [𝑎 3 1] ⇒ |𝐴| = 2
1 1 2
⇒ 1(6 − 1) − 2(2𝛼 − 1) + 3(𝛼 − 3) = 2 ⇒ 𝛼 = −4
Since, |2adj⁡(2adj⁡(2A))| = 32n
⇒ 23 |2adj⁡ 2A|2 = 32
⇒ 23 . 26 |2A|4 = 25n
⇒ 225 = 25n
⇒n=5
So, 3𝑛 + 𝛼 = 15 − 4 = 11
2 4 2𝑎
30. (a) Since, Δ = |1 2 3 | = 18(3 − 𝑎)
2 −5 2
𝑏 4 2𝑎
Δ𝑥 = |4 2 3 | = (64 + 19𝑏 − 72𝑎)
∘
8 −5 2
For unique solution Δ ≠ 0 ⇒ 18(3 − 𝑎) ≠ 0
⇒≠ 3 and 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅
For infinitely many solution ;
Δ = Δ𝑥 = Δ𝑦 = Δ𝑧 = 0
⇒ 18(3 − 𝑎) = (64 + 19𝑏 − 72𝑎) = 0
a = 3; 𝑏 = 8
EXERCISE - 3
1. (c) 2𝑥(2𝛽 − 6𝜆) − 2𝑦(𝛼 + 3𝜆) + 6(2𝛼 + 2𝛽) + 2𝑥(4𝛼 + 3𝛽) − 2𝑦(8𝜆 − 6𝛽) + 2(−4𝜆 − 4𝛼) + 22𝛼 +
144𝜆 − 81𝛽 = 0
∴ 𝛼(8𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 26) + 𝛽(10𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 69)
+𝜆(−12𝑥 − 22𝑦 + 136) = 0
4𝑥 − 𝑦 + 13 = 0 3
∴ 10𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 69 = 0} 𝑥 = − , 𝑦 = 7
and 6𝑥 + 11𝑦 − 68 = 0 2
3
∴ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) is point (− 2 , 7)
−3
4 ( ) − 3(7) + 12
2
𝑑=| |=3
5
2. (a) Determinant value of every odd order skew symmetric matrix is zero.
3 0 0
(b) 𝐴 = [0 3 0]
0 0 3
det⁡(adj⁡(adj⁡(𝐴))) = |𝐴|4 = 274
274 1
{ }=
5 5
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4. (a) Differentiating given equation w.r.t.x, we get

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑔′ (𝑥) ℎ′ (𝑥)
| 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 | = 4𝑚𝑥 3 + 3𝑛𝑥 2 + 2𝑟𝑥 + S (𝑖)
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
Again differentiating w.r.t 𝑥, we get
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) 𝑔′′ (𝑥) ℎ′′ (𝑥)
| 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 | = 12𝑚𝑥 2 + 6𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑟
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
Again differentiating w.r.t. 𝑥, we get
𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥) 𝑔′′′ (𝑥) ℎ′′′ (𝑥)
| 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 | = 24𝑚𝑥 + 6𝑛 putting 𝑥 = 0 in (ii), we get
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
𝑓 ′′ (0) 𝑔′′ (0) ℎ′′ (0)
2𝑟 = | 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 |
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
Putting 𝑥 = 0 in (iii), we get
𝑓 ′′′ (0) 𝑔′′′ (0) ℎ′′′ (0)
6𝑛 = | 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 |
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
From (v) and (iv), we get
𝑓 ′′′ (0) − 𝑓 ′′ (0) 𝑔′′′ (0) − 𝑔′′ (0) ℎ′′′ (0) − ℎ′′ (0)
| 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 | = 2(3𝑛 − 𝑟)
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
5.
𝑡 2 −3𝑡+4
(a) 𝜆 = 𝑡 2 +3𝑡+4 ⇒ (𝜆 − 1)𝑡 2 + 3(𝜆 + 1)𝑡 + 4(𝜆 − 1) = 0
Since, 𝑡 is real ⇒ 9(𝜆 + 1)2 − 16(𝜆 − 1)2 ≥ 0
⇒ (3𝜆 + 3 − 4𝜆 + 4)(3𝜆 + 3 + 4𝜆 − 4) ≥ 0
1
⇒ (7 − 𝜆)(7𝜆 − 1) ≥ 0 ⇒ ≤ 𝜆 ≤ 7
7
3 −1 4
Now, Δ = |1 2 −3|
6 5 𝜆
[Determinant of coefficients of equations]
1
= 7(𝜆 + 5) ≠ 0 [∵ ≤ 𝜆 ≤ 7]
7
Hence the given system of equations has a unique solution.
4
6. (d) 1 + sin⁡ 2𝑥 = 0, 𝑡 + 𝑡 − 4 = 0, 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0
⇒ sin⁡ 𝑥 + cos⁡ 𝑥 = 0, 𝑡 = 2
use 𝐶1 → 𝐶1 − 𝐶2 , we get
0 −cos⁡ 𝑥 𝑡
|0 2 sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 | = 0
0 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2
𝑚
7. (a) ∑𝑟=0 Δ𝑟 = Δ0 + Δ1 + Δ2 + ⋯ + Δ𝑚
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2 × ∑𝑚 𝑟=0 𝑟 − (𝑚 + 1) ∑𝑟=0
𝑚 𝑚
𝐶𝑟 ∑𝑚𝑟=0 1
∴∑𝑚
𝑟=0 Δ𝑟 =| 2
𝑚 −1 2𝑚
𝑚+1 |
2 2) 2
sin ⁡(𝑚 sin ⁡ 𝑚 sin⁡(𝑚2 )
𝑚2 − 1 2𝑚 𝑚+1
= |𝑚 −12 𝑚
2 𝑚 + 1 | = 0(∵ 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 are identical )
sin ⁡ 𝑚 sin ⁡ 𝑚 sin⁡ 𝑚2
2 2 2
8. (b) We can write 𝑓(𝑥) as product of two determinants as follows
sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 1 cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥 0
𝑓(𝑥) = | 1 1 1| × | e 𝑥 x 0| = 0
𝑥
e 0 0 1 𝑥2 0
𝜋
Which is independent of 𝑥, so 𝑓(𝑥) is non-increasing for ∀x ∈ (0, 2 )
9. (c) We have,
𝑛𝜋 (−1)𝑛 𝑛!
0 cos⁡ (𝑥 + )
𝑑𝑛 | 2 (𝑥 + 3)𝑛+1 |
[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑛𝜋 (−1)𝑛 𝑛!
𝑑𝑥 𝑛 |0 cos⁡ |
2 3𝑛+1
𝛼 𝛼3 𝛼5
𝑛𝜋 (−1)𝑛 𝑛!
0 cos⁡
𝑑𝑛 | 2 3𝑛+1 |
∴ [𝑓(𝑥)]𝑥=0 = 𝑛𝜋 (−1)𝑛 𝑛! = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑛 | 0 cos⁡ |
2 3𝑛+1
𝛼 𝛼3 𝛼5
(∵ R1 and R 2 are identical)
𝑎2 𝑏sin⁡ 𝐴 𝑐sin⁡ 𝐴
10. (d) Δ = |𝑏sin⁡ 𝐴 1 cos⁡ 𝐴 |
𝑐sin⁡ 𝐴 cos⁡ 𝐴 1
sin⁡ 𝐴 sin⁡ 𝐵 sin⁡ 𝐶
Using, 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐 = 𝑘
⇒ sin⁡ 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑘, sin⁡ 𝐵 = 𝑏𝑘, sin⁡ 𝐶 = 𝑐𝑘 So,
𝑎2 𝑎𝑏𝑘 𝑎𝑐𝑘
Δ = |𝑎𝑏𝑘 1 cos⁡ 𝐴|.
𝑎𝑐𝑘 cos⁡ 𝐴 1
Take a common from 𝐶1 and 𝑅1 both, we get
1 𝑏𝑘 𝑐𝑘 1 sin⁡ 𝐵 sin⁡ 𝐶
Δ = 𝑎2 |𝑏𝑘 1 cos⁡ 𝐴 | = 𝑎 2
|sin⁡ 𝐵 1 cos⁡ 𝐴|
𝑐𝑘 cos⁡ 𝐴 1 sin⁡ 𝐶 cos⁡ 𝐴 1
Operate 𝐶2 → 𝐶2 − 𝐶1 sin⁡ 𝐵 and 𝐶3 → 𝐶3 − 𝐶1 sin⁡ 𝐶
1 0 0
2 2
Δ = 𝑎 |sin⁡ 𝐵 1 − sin ⁡ 𝐵 cos⁡ 𝐴 − sin⁡ 𝐵sin⁡ 𝐶 |
sin⁡ 𝐶 cos⁡ 𝐴 − sin⁡ 𝐵sin⁡ 𝐶 1 − sin2 ⁡ 𝐶
2 [(1 2 2 2 2
=𝑎 − sin ⁡ 𝐶 − sin ⁡ 𝐵 + sin ⁡ 𝐵sin ⁡ 𝐶)
−(cos⁡ 𝐴 − sin⁡ 𝐵sin⁡ 𝐶)2 ]
= 𝑎2 [sin2 ⁡ 𝐴 − sin2 ⁡ 𝐵 − sin2 ⁡ 𝐶 + 2sin⁡ 𝐵sin⁡ 𝐶cos⁡ 𝐴]
The above expression does not represent area or perimeter of the triangle.
11. (d) Apply 𝐶3 → 𝐶3 − 𝐶1
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3𝜋 5𝜋
sin2 ⁡ (𝑥 + ) sin2 ⁡ (𝑥 + ) sin⁡(2𝑥 + 5𝜋)sin⁡(2𝜋)
2 2
| |
3𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
sin⁡ (𝑥 + ) sin⁡ (𝑥 + ) 2cos⁡ (𝑥 + ) sin⁡(𝜋) = 0
| 2 2 2 |
3𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
sin⁡ (𝑥 − ) sin⁡ (𝑥 − ) 2cos⁡ (𝑥 − ) sin⁡(−𝜋)
2 2 2
∵ All elements of 𝐶3 are zero.
12. (a) The given determinant Δ1 is obtained by corresponding cofactors of determinant Δ2 ; hence
Δ1 = Δ22. Now Δ1 Δ2 = Δ22 Δ2 = Δ32.
13. (a) (𝐴3 + 𝐵 3 + 𝐶 3 )(𝐴 − 𝐵)
= 𝐴4 − 𝐴3 𝐵 + 𝐵 3 𝐴 − 𝐵 4 + 𝐶 3 𝐴 − 𝐶 3 𝐵 = 0
⇒ |(𝐴3 + 𝐵 3 + 𝐶 3 )(𝐴 − 𝐵)| = 0
⇒ |(𝐴3 + 𝐵 3 + 𝐶 3 )| = 0, since |(𝐴 − 𝐵)| ≠ 0.
sin⁡ 2A sin⁡ C sin⁡ B
14. (b) Let Δ = | sin⁡ C sin⁡ 2B sin⁡ A |
sin⁡ B sin⁡ A sin⁡ 2C
2sin⁡ 𝐴cos⁡ 𝐴 sin⁡ 𝐶 sin⁡ 𝐵
= | sin⁡ 𝐶 2sin⁡ 𝐵cos⁡ 𝐵 sin⁡ 𝐴 |
sin⁡ 𝐵 sin⁡ 𝐴 2sin⁡ 𝐶cos⁡ 𝐶
The above determinant is the product of two determinants,
sin⁡ A cos⁡ A 0 cos⁡ A sin⁡ A 0
Δ = |sin⁡ B cos⁡ B 0| × |cos⁡ B sin⁡ B 0| = 0
sin⁡ C cos⁡ C 0 cos⁡ C sin⁡ C 0
15. (d) |A2013 − 3A2012 | = |A2012 ||A − 3I|
= |𝐴|2012 |𝐴 − 3𝐼|
0 7
= (1) | | = (1)(−7) = −7.
1 −1
EXERCISE - 4
1. (4)
P! (P + 1)! (P + 2)!
Δ = |(P + 1)! (P + 2)! (P + 3)!|
(P + 2)! (P + 3)! (P + 4)!
1 1 1
Δ = P! (P + 1)! (P + 2)! | P+1 P+2 P+3 |
(P + 2)(P + 1) (P + 3)(P + 2) (P + 4)(P + 3)
Δ = 2P! (P + 1)! (P + 2)!
Which is divisible by (P + 2)𝛽 and P 𝛼 .
∵ 𝛽 = 1, 𝛼 = 3
2. (2) Since, the system of linear equations has, non-trivial solution then determinant of coefficient matrix = 0
sin⁡ 3𝜃 cos⁡ 2𝜃 2
i.e., | 1 3 7| = 0
−1 4 7
sin⁡ 3𝜃(21 − 28) − cos⁡ 2𝜃(7 + 7) + 2(4 + 3) = 0
sin⁡ 3𝜃 + 2cos⁡ 2𝜃 − 2 = 0
3sin⁡ 𝜃 − 4sin3 ⁡ 𝜃 + 2 − 4sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 − 2 = 0
4sin3 ⁡ 𝜃 + 4sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 − 3sin⁡ 𝜃 = 0
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sin⁡ 𝜃(4sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + 4sin⁡ 𝜃 − 3) = 0

sin⁡ 𝜃(4sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 + 6sin⁡ 𝜃 − 2sin⁡ 𝜃 − 3) = 0
sin⁡ 𝜃[2sin⁡ 𝜃(2sin⁡ 𝜃 − 1) + 3(2sin⁡ 𝜃 − 1)] = 0
sin⁡ 𝜃(2sin⁡ 𝜃 − 1)(2sin⁡ 𝜃 + 3) = 0
1
sin⁡ 𝜃 = 0, sin⁡ 𝜃 =
2
3
(∵ sin⁡ 𝜃 ≠ − )
2
𝜋 5𝜋
𝜃= ,
6 6
Hence, for two values of 𝜃, system of equations has nontrivial solution
3. (1.5)
2 𝑏 1
|𝐴| = |𝑏 𝑏 2 + 1 𝑏|
1 𝑏 2
= 2(2𝑏 2 + 2 − 𝑏 2 ) − 𝑏(2𝑏 − 𝑏) + 1(𝑏 2 − 𝑏 2 − 1)
= 2𝑏 2 + 4 − 𝑏 2 − 1 = 𝑏 2 + 3
|𝐴| 3
=𝑏+
𝑏 𝑏
3 1
𝑏+𝑏 3 2 3
∵ ≥ (𝑏 ) ⇒ 𝑏 + ≥ 2√3
2 𝑏 𝑏
|𝐴|
∴ ≥ 2√3
𝑏
|𝐴|
Minimum value of 𝑏 is 2√3 = 2 × 1.73 = 3.46
4. (0.5) If the system of equations has non-trivial solutions, then the determinant of coefficient matrix is zero
1 −𝑐 −𝑐
|𝑐 −1 𝑐 | = 0
𝑐 𝑐 −1
(1 − 𝑐 2 ) + 𝑐(−𝑐 − 𝑐 2 ) − 𝑐(𝑐 2 + 𝑐) = 0
(1 + 𝑐)(1 − 𝑐) − 2𝑐 2 (1 + 𝑐) = 0
(1 + 𝑐)(1 − 𝑐 − 2𝑐 2 ) = 0(1 + 𝑐)2 (1 − 2𝑐) = 0
1
𝑐 = −1 or 2
1
Hence, the greatest value of 𝑐 is 2 for which the system of linear equations has non-trivial solution.
5. (24) Put 𝑥 = 1, then we have
2 2 −1 0 2 −1
|4 3 0 | = A − 12 ⇒ |1 3 0 | = A − 12.
6 1 1 5 1 1
⇒ −2 + (−1)(−14) = 𝐴 − 12 ⇒ 𝐴 = 24. Apply 𝐶1 → 𝐶1 − 𝐶2 ]
𝑥 −6 −1
6. (0) Given | 2 −3𝑥 𝑥 − 3| = 0
−3 2𝑥 𝑥 + 2
On expanding,
𝑥(−3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥) − 6(−3𝑥 + 9 − 2𝑥 − 4)
−(4𝑥 − 9𝑥) = 0
⇒ 𝑥(−5𝑥 2 ) − 6(−5𝑥 + 5) − 4𝑥 + 9𝑥 = 0
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⇒ 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 + 6 = 0
∵ all the roots are real.
0
∴ sum of real roots = 1 = 0
𝛼 𝛽 𝛾
2 2
7. (42) Given matrix is 𝐴 = | 𝛼 𝛽 𝛾2 |
𝛽+𝜆 𝜆+𝛼 𝛼+𝛽
Applying, R 3 → R 3 + R1
𝛼 𝛽 𝛾
⇒ |𝐴| = |𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾| |𝛼 2 𝛽 2 𝛾 2 |
1 1 1
⇒ |𝐴| = (𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾)(𝛼 − 𝛽)(𝛽 − 𝛾)(𝛾 − 𝛼)
∵ |adj⁡ A| = |A|n−1
|adj⁡(adj⁡ 𝐴)| = |𝐴|(𝑛−1)2
4 4
|adj⁡(adj⁡(adj⁡(adj⁡ 𝐴)))| = |𝐴|(𝑛−1) = |𝐴|2 = |𝐴|16
∴ (𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾)16 = 232 . 316
⇒ (𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾)16 = (22 . 3)16 = (12)16
⇒ 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = 12. Hence, 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 ∈ 𝑁
⇒ (𝛼 − 1) + (𝛽 − 1) + (𝛾 − 1) = 9
number all tuples (𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾) = 11 𝐶2 = 55
1 case for 𝛼 = 𝛽 = 𝛾
and 12 case when any two of these are equal
So, No. of distinct tuples (𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾).
3
8. (8) Given positive coordinate is 𝐴 = ( , √𝑎)
√𝑎
Area of △ 𝐴𝐶𝐷 is,

0 0 2
1 −3
Apply 𝑅1− → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 = | −√𝑎 1|
2 √𝑎
3cos⁡ 𝜃 𝑎sin⁡ 𝜃 1
Expand w.r.t. R1 .
1 −3
= [2 ( ⋅ 𝑎sin⁡ 𝜃 + 3√𝑎cos⁡ 𝜃)] = 3√𝑎|sin⁡ 𝜃 + cos⁡ 𝜃|
2 √𝑎
Maximum value of |sin⁡ 𝜃 + cos⁡ 𝜃| = √2.
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3√𝑎√2 = 12.
Take square both sides.
2a = 16 ⇒ a = 8
9. (18) Since it is an indentity in 𝜆 so it is satisfied by every value of 𝜆. Now put 𝜆 = 0 in the given equation, we
have
0 −1 3
𝑡=| 1 2 −4| = −12 + 30 = 18
−3 4 0
log 3 ⁡ 512 log 4 ⁡ 3 log ⁡ 3 log 8 ⁡ 3
10. (10) | |×| 2 |
log 3 ⁡ 8 log 4 ⁡ 9 log 3 ⁡ 4 log 3 ⁡ 4
log⁡ 512 log⁡ 9 log⁡ 3 log⁡ 8
=( × − × )
log⁡ 3 log⁡ 4 log⁡ 4 log⁡ 3
log⁡ 3 log⁡ 4 log⁡ 3 log⁡ 4
×( × − × )
log⁡ 2 log⁡ 3 log⁡ 8 log⁡ 3
log⁡ 29 log⁡ 32 log⁡ 23 log⁡ 22 log⁡ 22
=( × − )×( − )
log⁡ 3 log⁡ 22 log⁡ 22 log⁡ 2 log⁡ 23
9×2 3 2 15 4
=( − 2) (2 − 3) = × 3 = 10.
2 2
1
11. (1) ∵ 𝐵 = 𝐴−1 =⇒ |𝐵| = |𝐴|
5 2𝛼 1
Now, |𝐵| = | 0 2 1 | = 2𝛼 2 − 2𝛼 − 25
𝛼 3 −1
Given, det. (𝐴) + 1 = 0
1 2𝛼 2 − 2𝛼 − 24
⇒ 2 +1=0⇒ 2 =0
2𝛼 − 2𝛼 − 25 2𝛼 − 2𝛼 − 25
⇒ 𝛼 = 4, −3 ⇒ Sum of values of 𝛼 = 1
12. (0) 𝑙 = AR𝑝−1 ⇒ log⁡ 1 = log⁡ 𝐴 + (𝑝 − 1)log⁡ 𝑅𝑚 = AR𝑞−1 ⇒ log⁡ 𝑚 = log⁡ 𝐴 + (𝑞 − 1)log⁡ R
𝑛 = AR𝑟−1 ⇒ log⁡ 𝑛 = log⁡ 𝐴 + (𝑟 − 1)log⁡ R
log⁡ 𝑙 𝑝 1 log⁡ 𝐴 + (𝑝 − 1)log⁡ 𝑅 𝑝 1
Now, |log⁡ 𝑚 𝑞 1| = |log⁡ 𝐴 + (𝑞 − 1)log⁡ 𝑅 𝑞 1|
log⁡ 𝑛 𝑟 1 log⁡ 𝐴 + (𝑟 − 1)log⁡ 𝑅 𝑟 1
Operating
0 𝑝 1
C1 − (log⁡ R)C2 + (log⁡ R − log⁡ A)C3 = |0 𝑞 1| = 0
0 𝑟 1
13. (17) Given
𝑥−1 5𝑥 7
|𝑥 2 − 1 𝑥 − 1 8| = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
2𝑥 3𝑥 0
⇒ (𝑥 − 1)[−24𝑥] − 5𝑥[−16𝑥]
+7[(𝑥 2 − 1)(3𝑥) − 2𝑥(𝑥 − 1)]
= 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
⇒ −24𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 80𝑥 2 + 7[3𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥]
= 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
⇒ 42𝑥 2 + 17𝑥 + 21𝑥 3 = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
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By comparing coefficients of 𝑥 on both sides, we get : 𝑐 = 17

14. (58) We are given that
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 𝛾 + 5 and 𝛼𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 𝛽 + 1
∵ Here system of linear eqns has infinite many solution
𝛼 5 𝛽+1 −10
∴ = = ⇒𝛼= , 5𝛾 + 25 = −3𝛽 − 3
2 −3 𝛾 + 5 3
⇒ 9𝛼 = −30,3𝛽 + 5𝛾 = −28 ⇒ 9𝛼 + 3𝛽 + 5𝛾 = −58
∴ |9𝛼 + 3𝛽 + 5𝛾| = 58
15. (14) Given adjoint is
14 28 −14
Adj⁡(Adj⁡ 𝐴) = (−14 14 28 )
28 −14 14
Take 14 common from every row.
14 28 −14 1 2 −1
|Adj⁡(Adj⁡ 𝐴)| = [−14 14 28 ] = 14 × 14 × 14 | −1 1 2|
28 −14 14 2 −1 1
Use Ady⁡(Ady⁡(𝐴)) = |𝐴|2 Identity
|𝐴|4 = (14)3 [3 − 2(−5) − 1(−1)] = (14)3 [14] = (14)4
|𝐴|4 = (14)4 ⇒ |𝐴| = 14
Therefore, |𝐴| = 14.