MODULE 3: THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

Overview
Internet is defined as an information superhighway, to access information over the web. However, it can
be defined in many ways, internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer networks.
Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
• Explore the current breakthrough technologies and disruptive innovations that have emerged over the
past few years.
• Identify and analyze various emerging technologies.
• Explore the evolution of the internet.
• Identify and understand the different uses of internet in today’s generation.
• Discuss the fundamental terms and definitions used in the internet.

Lesson 1: The Web

The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages containing text and
graphic images. The world wide web is larger collection of interconnected documents or content. It
contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related information. A
collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or focus is called a Web site. The main page
that all of the pages on a particular Web site are organized around and link back to is called the site’s
home page. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA FBCS, also known as TimBL, is an
English engineer and computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He is a
Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a professor at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

A. Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage worldwide linking web
pages and hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses table to positions and align elements on
page.
• Most read only web. If focused on company’s home pages.
• Dividing the world wide web into usable directories
• It means web is use as “Information Portal”
• It started with the simple idea “put content together”

Example of Web 1.0

• Mp3.com • HTML/Portals.
• Home Page Disadvantages
• Directories • Read only web
• Page Views
• Limited user interaction • Lack of standards

B. Web 2.0 (Read-write interactive web)

A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing emphasis
on human collaboration.
• It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their data.
• This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
• People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs or sites.
• Allows the user to interact with the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just reading a page, the
user may be able to comment or create a user account. Dynamic page refers to the web pages that are
affected by user input or preference.
• Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online via social media,
blogging and Web-based communities.

Example of Web 2.0 are the following:

A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected with friends,
family, colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can have a social purpose, a business
purpose, or both, through sites such as:

Example

Facebook Tumblr
Twitter Instagram
LinkedIn Page
Google+
Pinterest

B. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website published on the world wide web consisting of
discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in reverse
chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the web page.
Example
Wordpress
Blogger
Tumbler
C. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience directly
using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope of the project and
may be either open to the public or limited to use within an organization for maintaining its internal
knowledge base.
Example:

Wikipedia Wikivoyage
Wikibooks Wikidata
Wikiversity Wikinews
Commons Wikispecies
Wiktionary MediaWiki
Wikiquote

D. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share their video clips with the public at
large or to invited guests.
Example:

Youtube Photobucket
Facebook Twitter
LinkedIn Veoh
Flickr Dailymotion
Photobucket VimeoPRO
LinkedIn Myspace.com
Flickr Metacafe

Key Features of Web 2.0:

• Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g. tagging).
• Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An example would be a
website that shows local content.
• User Participation – the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put content. Others are
able to place a content on their own by means of comments, reviews, and evaluation.
• Long Tail – services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This is synonymous to
subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent on Internet or a data plan
that charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used.
C. Web 3.0: (Read-write intelligent web)
• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third generation of the web.
• In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded with more features. It applies
same principles as Web 2.0: two-way interaction.
• Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web technologies, distributed
databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning and autonomous agents.
• Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to deliver web content
specifically targeting the user.
• It is a web of data.
• Changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by the system rather than humans.
Types of websites:
• eCommerce Website

is a website people can directly buy products from you’ve probably used a number of eCommerce
websites before, most big brands and plenty of smaller ones have one. Any website that includes a
shopping cart and a way for you to provide credit card information to make a purchase falls into this
category.
• Business Website
is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific business. It should be branded like the
business (the same logo and positioning) and communicate the types of products and/or services the
business offers.
• Entertainment Website
If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can probably think of a few websites that
you visit purely for entertainment purposes.
• Portfolio Website
are sites devoted to showing examples of past work. Service providers who want to show
potential clients the quality of the work they provide can use a portfolio website to collect some of the
best samples of past work they’ve done. This type of website is simpler to build than a business website
and more focused on a particular task: collecting work samples.
• Media Website
collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here with entertainment websites,
but media websites are more likely to include reported pieces in addition to or instead of content meant
purely for entertainment.
• Brochure Website
are a simplified form of business websites. For businesses that know they need an online
presence, but don’t want to invest a lot into it (maybe you’re confident you’ll continue to get most of
your business from other sources), a simple brochure site that includes just a few pages that lay out the
basics of what you do and provide contact information may be enough for you.
• Nonprofit Website
In the same way that businesses need websites to be their online presence, nonprofits do as well.
A nonprofit website is the easiest way for many potential donors to make donations and will be the first
place many people look to learn more about a nonprofit and determine if they want to support it.
• Educational Website
The websites of educational institutions and those offering online courses fall into the category of
educational websites. These websites have the primary goal of either providing educational materials to
visitors or providing information on an educational institution to them.
• Infopreneur Website
websites overlap a bit with business and eCommerce websites, but they represent a unique type
of online business. Infopreneurs create and sell information products. That could be in the form of
courses, tutorials, videos or eBooks.
• Personal Website
Not all websites exist to make money in some way or another. Many people find value in creating
personal websites to put their own thoughts out into the world. This category includes personal blogs,
vlogs, and photo diaries people share with the world.

• Web Portal
are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business, organization, or institution. They
collect information in different formats from different sources into one place to make all relevant
information accessible to the people who need to see it. They often involve a login and personalized
views for different users that ensure the information that’s accessible is most useful to their particular
needs.
• Wiki or Community Forum Website
Most people are familiar with wikis through the most famous example of one out there:
Wikipedia. But wikis can be created on pretty much any subject you can imagine. A wiki is any website
where various users are able to collaborate on content and all make their own tweaks and changes as
they see fit. There are wikis for fan communities, for business resources, and for collecting valuable
information sources.

Lesson 2: The Internet

The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest computer network in the world that connects
billions of computer user. The word internet comes from combination between “interconnection” and
“network”. Network is a collection of computers and devices connected via communication channels
and transmission media allow to share resources (hardware, software, data, information). Generally,
nobody owns the internet.
A. Brief History of Internet
ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 – started an experimental computer
network. Concept – No server, but equal importance/participation to every computer in the network.
Even if, one or two node destroyed that will now affect the network. In 1982 the word internet started.
1986 – First “ free net” created in Case Western Reserve University 1991: US government allowed
business agencies to connect to internet. Now all people can connect to the internet and improve their
life and work quality. The internet support various aspects in our life. Vinton Gray Cerf ForMemRS is an
American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title
with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn.
B. Major Components of the Internet
1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer program and it’s user.
Types of Servers
Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business logic for an application program.
Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.
Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device, such as computer
and another server from which a user is requesting.
Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users and remote senders and
forward outgoing e-mail for delivery
File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and management of data files so that other
computer on the same network can access them.
Policy Server – is a security component of a policy – based network that provides authorization services
and facilities tracking and control of files.
2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each device. This provides identity to
a network device.

3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look information on the web.
Example of browsers: Google chrome, safari, internet explorer, opera, Mozilla
4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access information online through
domain names.
Example of DNS: www.facebook.com, www.pup.edu.ph,www.academia.edu

Name
Entity
.com
commercial
.org
organization
.net
network
.edu
education
.gov
National and State Government Agencies
.ph
Philippines
.au
Australia

5. Internet Service Provide (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for accessing, using or
participating in the internet.
Two types of ISP:
National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic area.
Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in cities and towns nationwide.

Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge

C. Uses of Internet
• Look for information
• School works, jobs, and home purposes
• Send and receive electronic mail
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video chat)
• Buy and sell product
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos
• Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movies

D. Internet Terms and Definition

• Internet - A global network of thousands of computer networks linked by data lines and wireless
systems.
• Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser

• Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online
• Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos, and videos
• Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other over the Internet
• Software updates – operating system and application updates can typically downloaded from the
Internet
• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language used to tell a browser how to place pictures,
text, multimedia and links to create a web page. When a user clicks on a link within a web page, that
link, which is coded with HTML, links the user to a specific linked web page.
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to connect to a remote resource on the world
wide web.
• Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a bit or 0 is a bit.
• Byte - generally consists of eight bits.
• Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer.
• Download - To download is to transfer data from another computer to your computer.
• HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication standard of web
pages. When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work correctly in a web
browser.
• HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This indicates that the web page has a
special layer of encryption added to hide your personal information and passwords from others.
• Router or router-modem combination is the hardware device that acts as the traffic cop for network
signals arriving at your home or business from your ISP. A router can be wired or wireless or both.
• Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from eavesdroppers.
Encryption uses complex math formulas to turn private data into meaningless gobbledygook that only
trusted readers can unscramble.
• Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and intelligent agents) used on the
Internet. Such bots perform a repetitive function, such as posting messages to multiple newsgroups or
doing searches for information.
• Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that lets www browser users search
for information on the web by using keywords, phrases.