Networking Basics - Quick

Reference Guide
1. Difference between Hardware and Software

Hardware: The physical components of a computer (e.g., CPU, RAM, hard

drive, motherboard).

Software: The programs and operating systems that run on the hardware (e.g.,
Windows, Microsoft Word, Chrome).

2. What is an IP Address and Its Types?

IP Address: A unique identifier assigned to each device on a network to allow

communication.

Types:

IPv4: 32-bit address (e.g., 192.168.1.1) – most common.

IPv6: 128-bit address (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334) –

newer, supports more devices.

Public IP: Externally visible, assigned by ISP.

Private IP: Used within a local network (e.g., 192.168.x.x,

10.x.x.x).

Static IP: Manually set and doesn’t change.

Dynamic IP: Assigned by DHCP, may change over time.

3. OSI Model and Its Layers

The OSI Model explains how data moves through a network in 7 layers:

Physical – Cables, connectors, electrical signals.

Data Link – MAC addresses, switches, error detection (Ethernet).

Network – IP addressing and routing (Routers).

Transport – TCP/UDP, reliable data transfer.

 Session – Manages connections between applications.

Presentation – Data translation, encryption/decryption.

Application – Interfaces directly with users (e.g., browsers, email).

4. Differences Between TCP and UDP

Feature TCP UDP

Reliability Reliable (guarantees delivery) Unreliable
Connectio
Connection-oriented Connectionless
n
Speed Slower Faster
Web browsing, email, file Video streaming, online
Use Cases
transfer games

5. DNS (Domain Name System)

Translates human-friendly domain names (e.g., google.com) into IP addresses

(e.g., 142.250.72.14).

It's like a phonebook for the internet.

Without DNS, we’d have to remember IPs instead of names.

6. Purpose of a Router and a Switch

Router: Connects different networks (e.g., your home to the internet), assigns
IPs, directs traffic.

Switch: Connects devices within the same network and intelligently forwards
data to the correct device.

7. Difference Between HTTP and HTTPS

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol): Transfers data in plain text.

HTTPS (HTTP Secure): Encrypts data using SSL/TLS for secure

communication.

HTTPS is essential for protecting sensitive info like passwords, payments, etc.
8. What is a Firewall and How Does it Work?

A firewall monitors and controls incoming/outgoing network traffic.

Can be hardware or software.

It blocks unauthorized access and can filter data based on rules (e.g., block a
certain IP or port).

9. VPN (Virtual Private Network)

Encrypts your internet connection and routes it through a secure server.

Benefits:

Protects privacy.

Hides IP address.

Access content restricted by region

Secure on public Wi-Fi.

10. Network Topology and Common Types

Network Topology: The arrangement of devices and cables in a network.

Common Types:

Bus: All devices share a single cable.

Star: Devices connect to a central hub or switch.

Ring: Devices form a closed loop.

Mesh: Every device connects to every other device.

Hybrid: Combines two or more topologies.

11. Difference Between 32-bit and 64-bit OS

 Feature 32-bit 64-bit
Up to ~4 More than 4 GB (theoretically up to
RAM Support
GB 18.4 million TB)
Performance Slower Faster and more secure
Application Runs 32-bit Runs both 32-bit and 64-bit (in
Compatibility apps most cases)

12. IP Conflict and How to Resolve It

IP Conflict: When two devices on the same network have the same IP
address.

Fix:

Reboot the device or router.

Manually assign a unique IP.

Use DHCP to automatically assign unique addresses.

Release/Renew IP using command:

bash
CopyEdit
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew

Customer Service & Communication Skills

1. How do you approach troubleshooting a technical
issue over the phone?

Answer:
I stay calm and friendly. I ask the customer what’s going wrong and listen carefully.
Then I ask questions to understand the problem better. I help them step by step and
make sure they understand each part before moving on.

2. How do you explain technical issues to a customer

who doesn’t have a technical background?

Answer:
I use simple words and examples from everyday life. I don’t use hard technical terms.
I talk slowly and check if they understand. If they don’t, I try to explain it in a
different way.
3. How would you handle an upset customer who is
facing a technical issue?

Answer:
I let them speak and don’t interrupt. I say things like, “I understand this is frustrating.”
I stay calm and polite. Then I try my best to fix the problem and keep them updated
while working on it.

4. Can you give an example of a time when you helped

someone solve a problem (could be technical or
otherwise)?

Answer:
Yes! A friend had a problem with their printer. It wouldn’t connect to Wi-Fi. I helped
by checking the settings and restarting things. I explained each step in simple words.
In the end, it worked, and they were very happy.

5. How do you prioritize issues when handling

multiple calls at the same time?

Answer:
I look at which problem is the most urgent. If someone can’t work at all, I help them
first. If something is quick to fix, I do that right away. I keep track of each case so I
don’t forget anything.

6. How would you ensure clarity when explaining

complex technical steps to a customer over the
phone?

Answer:
I break the steps into small parts. I explain one step at a time and ask if they
understand before going to the next step. I avoid using big or confusing words.

7. How would you handle a situation where you don’t

know the answer to a technical question immediately?

Answer:
I tell the customer, “Let me find the right answer for you.” I check with my team or
look it up. Then I get back to the customer as soon as I can. I thank them for waiting.
8. What steps would you take if a customer is
frustrated and continues to repeat the same concern?

Answer:
I listen and let them know I understand. I repeat back what they said to show I’m
listening. Then I explain what I’m doing to fix it. I stay calm and focused, even if they
are upset.

Problem-Solving & Logical Thinking

1. A customer reports that their internet is down. How

would you begin troubleshooting the issue over the
phone?

Answer:
First, I would ask if other devices in their home are also not working with the internet.
Then, I’d ask them to check if the modem or router has power and if the lights are on.
If needed, I’d guide them to restart the modem/router. If that doesn’t help, I’d check if
there’s a service outage or help them check cable connections.

2. You receive a call about a printer that isn’t

responding. What steps would you take to diagnose
the issue?

Answer:
I’d ask if the printer is turned on and plugged in. Then I’d check if it’s connected to
the computer or Wi-Fi. I’d ask if there are any error messages on the screen. I might
suggest restarting the printer and the computer. If it’s a network printer, I’d check if
it’s showing up on the network.
3. If a customer’s computer is running slow, how
would you go about troubleshooting and resolving the
issue?

Answer:
I’d ask how long it has been running slow. Then I’d check if they have too many
programs open or if the computer has low disk space. I might guide them to restart the
device or close unused apps. I’d also suggest running a virus scan and checking for
software updates.

4. How would you handle a scenario where a customer

reports a software application is not functioning, but
there’s no obvious reason for the issue?

Answer:
I’d ask what exactly happens when they open the software. Then I’d check if there are
any error messages. I’d suggest restarting the app or the computer. I’d also check if
the app needs to be updated or reinstalled. If the issue continues, I’d look at settings or
logs, or escalate the issue.

5. If a customer mentions that they can’t connect to

the Wi-Fi, what basic troubleshooting steps would you
follow?

Answer:
I’d ask if other devices are able to connect. Then I’d check if the Wi-Fi is turned on in
their device settings. I’d ask them to restart the device and the router. If needed, I’d
help them forget the Wi-Fi network and reconnect by entering the password again.
Behavioral Questions

1. Why do you want to work in a Technical Voice

Process role?

Answer:
I enjoy helping people solve problems, and I find working with technology exciting.
In a technical voice process role, I get to combine my interest in technology with my
communication skills to assist customers effectively. I also enjoy troubleshooting, and
this role allows me to learn more while making a difference for customers.

2. How do you manage stress when you have multiple

customers on the line with technical issues?

Answer:
I stay calm and organized. First, I prioritize based on the urgency of each issue. I take
a deep breath, focus on the task at hand, and handle each customer one by one. I make
sure to communicate clearly and reassure each customer that I’m here to help. I also
keep track of issues to ensure nothing gets missed.

3. Have you ever had to handle an irate customer?

How did you manage the situation?
Answer:
Yes, I’ve had situations where customers were upset. I listen carefully to their
concerns, express empathy, and reassure them that I’ll do my best to resolve the issue.
I stay calm and avoid getting defensive, focusing on the solution. Once I resolve their
issue, I confirm they’re satisfied and thank them for their patience.

4. Tell us about a time when you had to work under

pressure to meet deadlines or solve an issue. How did
you manage it?

Answer:
I once had a situation where I needed to resolve multiple technical issues by the end
of the day. I created a clear plan by prioritizing the most urgent problems and
breaking down each task into smaller, manageable steps. I stayed focused, worked
efficiently, and kept the customers updated. I was able to meet the deadline while
maintaining quality support.

5. How do you keep yourself updated with the latest

technical developments and trends?

Answer:
I regularly read tech blogs, follow industry leaders on social media, and attend
webinars or training sessions. I also engage in online communities and discussion
forums where I can learn from others and share knowledge. This helps me stay
informed and adapt to new technologies and trends.
Scenario-Based Questions

1. If a customer reports that their device won’t turn

on and you’re unable to physically inspect it, how
would you guide them through troubleshooting steps?

Answer:
I would first ask if the device is properly plugged in and if the power button is
functioning. I’d guide them to check for any visible signs like flashing lights or
beeping sounds. Then, I’d suggest holding the power button for 10-15 seconds to
perform a hard reset. I’d also ask them to try a different power outlet or charger if
possible.

2. Imagine a customer is facing an issue with their

Wi-Fi connection and you’ve walked them through all
the common troubleshooting steps, but it still isn’t
working. What would be your next step?

Answer:
I’d ask if the issue is affecting all devices or just one. I’d guide them to check if the
modem/router is working correctly and suggest restarting it. If that doesn’t work, I’d
check for any service outages or help them with more advanced troubleshooting, like
resetting the router to factory settings or checking the router’s firmware.
3. You receive a call from a customer who’s
experiencing slow internet speeds. What steps would
you follow to diagnose and resolve the issue?

Answer:
I’d first ask if the issue is happening with all devices or just one. I’d guide them to
check their router and modem lights. I’d also ask them to run a speed test and
compare it to their plan’s expected speed. If necessary, I’d suggest restarting the
modem/router, checking for background apps using the internet, and ensuring no one
else is hogging bandwidth.

4. How would you troubleshoot a system that won’t

power on?

Answer:
I’d start by checking if the device is properly plugged into a working power outlet.
Then, I’d ask them to check for any loose connections. If the device has a battery, I’d
suggest removing and reinserting it. If it still doesn’t power on, I’d guide them to reset
the power supply or try a different power cable or adapter if available.

5. A customer’s laptop is overheating. What steps

would you take to diagnose the issue?

Answer:
I’d first ask if the laptop is placed on a hard, flat surface to ensure proper airflow. I’d
guide them to check if the fans are working and if there’s any dust blocking the vents.
If necessary, I’d recommend using cooling pads or adjusting the laptop’s power
settings to prevent overheating.

6. How do you troubleshoot a printer not printing?

Answer:
I’d start by asking if the printer has any error messages or lights on. Then, I’d check if
it’s connected to the computer or network. I’d ask them to ensure there’s enough
paper and ink or toner, and suggest restarting both the printer and computer. I’d also
guide them to check if the printer queue is clear.

7. If a customer’s computer is running slow, what

would you check first?
Answer:
I’d first ask if there are too many programs open or if they have low disk space. I’d
guide them to close unnecessary programs and run a disk cleanup. If that doesn’t help,
I’d suggest checking for malware or running system updates.

8. How would you identify hardware vs. software

issues?

Answer:
I’d start by asking the customer if the issue happens consistently or only in certain
situations. I’d check for error messages and run diagnostic tests on hardware. If the
issue seems related to software (like crashes or performance issues), I’d suggest
troubleshooting the operating system or application.

9. How do you handle an irate customer over the

phone?

Answer:
I’d listen to their concerns without interrupting. I’d acknowledge their frustration and
show empathy by saying, “I understand how this can be frustrating.” I’d stay calm and
focused, offering solutions and explaining the steps clearly. I’d reassure them I’m
doing my best to help and follow through with fixing the issue.

10. How do you ensure a good customer experience

while troubleshooting remotely?

Answer:
I ensure a good experience by being patient, clear, and reassuring throughout the
process. I explain each step clearly, ask them if they understand, and guide them
calmly. I keep the conversation focused on solving their problem, staying empathetic,
and checking if they are satisfied with the solution.

11. What steps would you take if a customer is having

trouble following your instructions?

Answer:
I’d pause and ask them to describe what they see on their screen. I’d offer to rephrase
the instructions or break the steps into smaller parts. I’d also ask if there’s anything
confusing and try a different approach to make it clearer.
12. How do you prioritize issues when dealing with
multiple customers?

Answer:
I prioritize issues based on urgency. If someone’s unable to use their device or access
essential services, I’d help them first. I’d also assess how long each problem might
take to fix and manage time efficiently, so I can assist everyone in a timely manner.

### HP-Specific Knowledge

1. What’s your experience with HP products and
diagnostic tools?

Answer:
I have worked with a variety of HP products, including laptops, desktops, printers,
and accessories. I’m familiar with HP diagnostic tools like HP Support Assistant and
HP PC Hardware Diagnostics, which help in identifying and resolving issues quickly.
I also use HP’s troubleshooting guides and knowledge base to solve problems
efficiently.

2. How would you handle an HP laptop that won’t

connect to Wi-Fi?

Answer:
I would first check if the Wi-Fi is enabled on the laptop and if airplane mode is turned
off. I’d guide the customer to restart their laptop and router. If the issue persists, I’d
check the Wi-Fi driver through HP Device Manager or recommend updating it. I’d
also suggest resetting the network settings or checking for any system updates.
3. How do you ensure you follow HP’s warranty and
support policies?

Answer:
I always make sure to check the warranty status of the device using HP’s online
support tools. I ensure that any repair or support request falls within the terms of the
warranty, and I clearly explain to customers what is covered and what isn’t. I also stay
updated with any policy changes on HP’s official support portal to ensure compliance.

4. A customer’s printer stopped working after a recent

update. What do you suggest?

Answer:
I would first ask about the type of update (Windows or HP-related) and check if the
printer’s drivers were affected. I would suggest uninstalling and reinstalling the
printer driver, or rolling back the update if possible. I’d also guide them to run the HP
Print and Scan Doctor tool, which can automatically detect and fix common printer
issues.

5. How would you troubleshoot intermittent network

issues on an HP laptop?

Answer:
I’d begin by checking if other devices on the network are also experiencing the issue.
I would guide the customer to run HP’s Network Diagnostic Tool to detect any
potential issues with the network adapter. Then, I would check the Wi-Fi driver and
recommend updating it. I might also suggest resetting the router or adjusting the
laptop’s power settings to prevent network interruption.

6. Tell us about a time you solved a tough technical

issue under pressure.

Answer:
In a previous role, a customer’s HP laptop suddenly stopped turning on right before
an important presentation. After troubleshooting the power source and checking for
any visible hardware issues, I guided them to a hard reset, and the laptop powered on.
The customer was grateful for the quick resolution, and I ensured they were able to
make the presentation on time.
7. How do you stay updated with hardware trends and
troubleshooting techniques?

Answer:
I regularly read tech blogs and follow hardware manufacturers’ websites, including
HP’s, to stay updated on the latest product releases and troubleshooting techniques. I
also attend webinars, online forums, and tech support communities to learn from
others’ experiences. Additionally, I take courses and certifications related to IT and
hardware support.

8. How do you explain technical problems to non-

technical customers?

Answer:
I break down complex technical terms into simple, easy-to-understand language. I
avoid jargon and use analogies to make the problem relatable. I also guide the
customer step-by-step through the troubleshooting process, ensuring they feel
comfortable and informed throughout.

Stability Questions:
1. Okay with contractual role?

Answer:
Yes, I’m open to a contractual role as long as the terms align with my career goals and
I am able to gain valuable experience. I appreciate the opportunity to contribute my
skills and learn in a dynamic environment, even if the role is for a limited time.

2. Okay with Shift?

Answer:
Yes, I am flexible with working in shifts. I understand that technical support often
requires availability outside of regular business hours, and I am comfortable adjusting
my schedule to meet the needs of the company and the customers.

3. Okay for the location?

Answer:
Yes, I am open to working at the location provided. I have considered the logistics,
and I am prepared to commute as necessary. If the role involves remote work or
flexible arrangements, I am also comfortable with that.

4. Expectations from the company?

Answer:
I expect the company to provide a supportive and collaborative environment where I
can grow professionally. I hope to receive clear training, resources to solve customer
issues effectively, and opportunities for career development. I also value a company
that encourages a work-life balance and offers constructive feedback.

5. Expected salary?

Answer:
My expected salary is in the range of [insert salary range based on your research or
expectations]. I am open to discussing compensation further and am willing to
consider the benefits package and opportunities for growth within the company.

1. Introduce Yourself

Answer:
Hello, my name is [Your Name], and I have a passion for technology, problem-
solving, and helping others. I have experience working in technical support and
customer service, where I’ve had the opportunity to troubleshoot a wide range of IT-
related issues, from hardware malfunctions to software errors. I’m excited about
joining a team where I can apply my technical knowledge and continue to grow
professionally while providing excellent service to customers.

2. Why Did You Choose IT?

Answer:
I chose IT because I have always been fascinated by how technology works and how
it connects people. From a young age, I enjoyed working with computers, solving
problems, and figuring out how to make devices work better. I realized that IT offers
constant learning opportunities, and I wanted to be part of an industry that is always
evolving and playing a key role in shaping the future. The ability to help people
overcome technical challenges and improve their experience with technology is what
motivated me to pursue a career in IT.
3. If a Computer Needs Better Performance, What Will
You Do?

Answer:
To improve a computer’s performance, I would start by checking for unnecessary
programs running in the background and close any that aren’t needed. I’d also check
for any malware or viruses using antivirus software. If the system is still slow, I’d
ensure there is enough free space on the hard drive, and if needed, I’d recommend
running a disk cleanup. Upgrading the RAM or switching to a solid-state drive (SSD)
could also greatly improve performance, and I’d suggest those if the system supports
it.

4. How Will You Handle the Situation If a Customer Is

Frustrated?

Answer:
I would first listen carefully to the customer’s concerns without interrupting. I’d show
empathy by acknowledging their frustration and assuring them that I’m here to help. I
would remain calm, patient, and professional, offering clear and concise solutions to
their problem. Throughout the process, I would keep the customer informed about the
steps I’m taking to resolve their issue, which helps in building trust and reducing
frustration.

5. Talk for 1 Minute About Hard Work & Smart Work

Answer:
Hard work and smart work go hand in hand. Hard work is about putting in the effort
and time needed to achieve a goal, but smart work is about being efficient with your
time and resources. It's about working strategically—finding the most effective and
optimal solutions rather than working harder without direction. In IT, both are crucial;
hard work helps you gain experience, while smart work ensures that you are not
wasting time and are solving problems in the best possible way.

6. Talk for 1 Minute About Your Hobbies

Answer:
In my free time, I enjoy learning about new technologies and keeping up with the
latest trends in the tech world. I love tinkering with computer hardware, building
systems, and exploring software tools. Aside from that, I also enjoy reading about
personal development, playing video games, and occasionally getting outdoors for a
run or hiking. These activities help me relax, recharge, and maintain a healthy work-
life balance while continuing to grow both personally and professionally.

7. What Will You Do If the Screen Turns Full Blue

With a Couple of Dots?

Answer:
A full blue screen with dots typically indicates a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD), often
due to a system crash or hardware issue. I’d first try to note any error codes or
messages displayed on the screen, as they can help diagnose the problem. I would
restart the system in Safe Mode to check if it boots without errors. If it does, I’d
attempt to roll back recent updates or drivers that might have caused the issue. If the
problem persists, I’d run diagnostic tests on the hardware and check for overheating
or memory issues.

8. What Is an Operating System (OS)?

Answer:
An operating system (OS) is the software that manages all hardware and software on a
computer. It acts as an interface between the user and the hardware, enabling the user
to interact with the system and run applications. Common operating systems include
Windows, macOS, and Linux. The OS is responsible for tasks like managing memory,
processing input/output, controlling hardware, and ensuring that software applications
run smoothly.

9. What Will You Do If the OS Has Some Issues

Turning On?

Answer:
If the operating system isn’t booting up, I would first check if there are any external
devices connected that might be interfering with the boot process. I’d restart the
computer and try to boot into Safe Mode to troubleshoot. If the OS still doesn’t load, I
would attempt to repair the OS using bootable media (like a Windows installation
disk) or use system recovery options. In case the issue persists, I’d check for hardware
issues, such as a faulty hard drive or RAM, and consider reinstalling the OS if
necessary.

Q1: If you are getting a laptop and it’s not getting

charged, what will you do?
Answer:
First, I would check if the power adapter and charging cable are securely connected to
both the laptop and the power outlet. I would also inspect the charging cable for any
visible damage. If the charging cable and adapter are functioning, I would try a
different power outlet or test the adapter with another device. If the laptop still isn’t
charging, I would check the battery status in the BIOS or use a diagnostic tool to
check if the battery is faulty. If needed, I’d recommend replacing the battery or
adapter based on the findings.

Q2: If the laptop is not getting connected to Wi-Fi,

what will be the solution?

Answer:
I would first check if the laptop’s Wi-Fi is enabled and that the correct network is
selected. Then, I’d ask if other devices can connect to the same Wi-Fi network, as this
could indicate an issue with the laptop rather than the network. If it’s a laptop-specific
issue, I’d try restarting the laptop and the router. If that doesn’t work, I’d check the
device manager to ensure the Wi-Fi adapter is functioning correctly and that the
drivers are up to date. I may also attempt to forget and reconnect to the Wi-Fi network
or reset the TCP/IP stack using command-line tools like netsh.

Q3: A laptop which has 16GB RAM and 256GB ROM

and it’s getting hang, what solution will you give?

Answer:
Even with 16GB of RAM, a laptop may hang due to software issues or inadequate
storage. I would start by checking for excessive background processes using the Task
Manager and closing any unnecessary applications. I would also check the disk space
to ensure there is enough free space (at least 15-20% free). I’d recommend running a
disk cleanup and defragmenting the drive if it’s a traditional HDD. If the laptop has an
SSD, I’d check for firmware updates for the SSD. If the issue persists, I’d run a
memory diagnostic test to check for any faulty RAM. Finally, I’d ensure the system is
free from malware by running an antivirus scan.

Q4:

BSOD (Blue Screen of Death)

Answer:
BSOD occurs when the Windows operating system encounters a critical error it
cannot recover from. This can be caused by hardware failures, corrupted system files,
or incompatible drivers. To resolve BSOD, I would check for any recent hardware
changes or software updates. If the error code on the screen provides more details, I
would look up specific troubleshooting steps. I’d also try booting into Safe Mode and
perform system restores or check for any pending updates.

CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)

Answer:
CMOS refers to a small memory chip on the motherboard that stores BIOS settings,
including the system clock, system configuration, and boot sequence. If the CMOS
battery fails, it may lead to issues such as incorrect system time or BIOS errors.
Replacing the CMOS battery typically resolves such issues.

CPU vs GPU

Answer:
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the primary processing unit in a computer,
responsible for executing most instructions, including those related to general
computing tasks. The GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), on the other hand, is
specialized for rendering graphics and parallel processing tasks like video games, 3D
modeling, and machine learning. While the CPU handles tasks that require single-
threaded performance, the GPU excels at handling massive parallel tasks, making it
highly efficient for graphical rendering and computational workloads.

Why Use GPU for AI and Mining?

Answer:
GPUs are used for AI and mining because they can perform parallel processing
efficiently. In AI, especially deep learning, there are many repetitive calculations that
can be executed simultaneously, which is where GPUs excel. Similarly, in
cryptocurrency mining, tasks involve solving complex mathematical problems that
can be parallelized, making GPUs far more efficient than CPUs for mining operations.

Working Principles of MBD, RAM, SSD, HDD,

Processor, BIOS, CMOS, etc.

MBD (Motherboard): The motherboard serves as the main circuit board that
connects all hardware components, including the CPU, RAM, storage devices,
and expansion cards.

RAM (Random Access Memory): RAM is the temporary memory used by

the CPU to store data that is actively being used or processed. It is volatile,
meaning data is lost when the computer is turned off.

SSD (Solid State Drive): SSDs store data in flash memory, which is faster
than traditional HDDs (Hard Disk Drives). SSDs have no moving parts,
making them more durable and quicker for data retrieval.
 HDD (Hard Disk Drive): HDDs store data on spinning magnetic disks. They
are slower than SSDs but are often used for larger storage capacities at a lower
price point.

Processor (CPU): The CPU executes instructions from programs and

manages tasks in the computer. It is often referred to as the "brain" of the
computer.

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): BIOS is firmware that initializes

hardware components during the boot-up process before the operating system
loads. It’s also responsible for basic hardware management.

CMOS: As mentioned, CMOS stores BIOS settings and system configuration,

powered by a small battery on the motherboard.

BIOS Options and Configuration

Answer:
In the BIOS, you can configure various settings such as the boot order, system clock,
and enable or disable hardware components (e.g., USB ports, integrated graphics).
BIOS settings can also include security features like passwords or TPM (Trusted
Platform Module) for encryption.

Windows 10 & 11: Installation, Navigation, and

Settings

Answer: Installation: Windows 10 and 11 can be installed using a bootable

USB or DVD. The installation process includes setting up partitions,
choosing language preferences, and entering a product key.

Navigation: In Windows 10/11, you navigate using the Start Menu, Taskbar,
and File Explorer. The interface is designed to be user-friendly with shortcuts
and tiles.

Settings: Windows Settings allow you to configure system options like

privacy, updates, network settings, and device management.

Windows Related Troubleshooting: BSOD, Slow

System

Answer:
 BSOD: As mentioned earlier, BSOD can be caused by various issues like
hardware failures, driver issues, or software conflicts. It can be resolved by
troubleshooting based on error codes or using recovery options.

Slow System: To fix slow systems, I would check for unnecessary startup
programs, perform disk cleanup, check for malware, and ensure there’s
adequate disk space. I may also suggest upgrading hardware components like
adding more RAM or switching to an SSD.

Hardware Troubleshooting: Issues Related to No

Power, POST, Boot, Touchpad, Wi-Fi, and LAN

Answer:

No Power: Check the power supply, power button, and battery. Ensure that
cables and connections are secure.

POST (Power-On Self-Test): If the system doesn’t pass POST, it could

indicate faulty hardware like RAM or the motherboard.

Boot Issues: For boot issues, I would check the boot sequence in BIOS and
ensure the OS is intact. A system restore or reinstallation might be necessary.

Touchpad: I’d check the touchpad drivers and settings, and ensure the
touchpad is enabled in the BIOS.

Wi-Fi and LAN: For Wi-Fi issues, I would check for driver updates, reset the
network adapter, and ensure the network configuration is correct. For LAN,
I’d check cable connections and network adapter settings.

Device Manager and Driver Knowledge

Answer:
The Device Manager in Windows allows you to view and manage hardware devices
connected to the system. You can update, disable, or uninstall drivers and view device
status. Driver issues are a common cause of hardware malfunctions, and keeping
drivers updated is crucial for system stability.

Latest Technologies Used in Computers

Answer:
Some of the latest technologies in computing include:
 Quantum Computing: Offers immense processing power for solving
complex problems.

5G Connectivity: Enables faster wireless communication with low latency.

AI and Machine Learning: Used for tasks ranging from natural language
processing to autonomous vehicles.

NVMe SSDs: Offer faster data access speeds compared to traditional SATA
SSDs.

Thunderbolt 4: A high-speed data transfer protocol that supports 40Gbps

speeds.

1. Name a few output devices

Answer:

Monitor

Printer

Speakers

Headphones

Projector

Plotter

2. What is the configuration of your PC?

Answer: This answer will vary based on the specific PC in question. A typical PC
configuration includes:

Processor (CPU): E.g., Intel Core i5, AMD Ryzen 5

RAM: E.g., 8GB DDR4

Storage: E.g., 256GB SSD + 1TB HDD

Graphics Card (GPU): E.g., Nvidia GeForce GTX 1660 or integrated

graphics

Operating System (OS): E.g., Windows 10 or 11

Motherboard: Brand/model (e.g., ASUS B450 or MSI Z390)

 Power Supply Unit (PSU): E.g., 500W

Cooling: E.g., Air cooling or liquid cooling

You can adapt this answer based on your actual system configuration.

3. What are BIOS?

Answer: BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a firmware embedded in the

motherboard that initializes and tests the hardware components of the computer
during the boot process. It also provides an interface between the operating system
and the hardware. BIOS settings include boot order, system time, and security
settings. It can be accessed during the startup process by pressing a specific key (often
F2, DEL, or ESC).

4. What are the steps you would proceed if your

computer is totally dead and not turning on?

Answer: Here’s a step-by-step approach to troubleshooting a computer that won’t

turn on

Check the Power Source: Ensure the power cable is securely plugged into the
power outlet and the computer. Try a different outlet if needed.

Inspect the Power Supply: If using a desktop, check if the PSU (Power
Supply Unit) switch is turned on (if applicable). If possible, test with a known
working power supply.

Check the Power Button: Press the power button firmly to ensure it’s not
stuck or malfunctioning.

Remove External Devices: Disconnect any unnecessary external devices like

USB drives, printers, etc., and try powering on the computer again

Check the Battery (for laptops): If it's a laptop, ensure the battery is charged
or try powering on with the battery removed and the AC adapter plugged in.

Listen for Sounds or Look for Lights: If you hear a beep or see LED lights,
it may indicate hardware functionality, and you can proceed to the next
diagnostic step.

Inspect the Internal Components: If comfortable, check if components like

RAM, GPU, or cables are properly seated.
 Test with Minimal Hardware: Remove non-essential hardware like extra
RAM sticks or expansion cards, and try booting with only essential
components.

Reset the CMOS: If the computer still doesn’t turn on, try resetting the
CMOS by removing the CMOS battery or using the reset jumper on the
motherboard

5. What is POST?

Answer: POST (Power-On Self-Test) is the process performed by the computer when
it is first powered on. During POST, the system checks essential hardware
components such as the CPU, RAM, and storage devices to ensure they are
functioning correctly. If any component fails during POST, the computer may emit a
series of beeps or display an error message, indicating the hardware problem.

6. What is the blue screen?

Answer: The "Blue Screen of Death" (BSOD) is an error screen displayed by

Windows operating systems when the system encounters a critical error that it cannot
recover from. The BSOD can be caused by issues such as:

Hardware failure (e.g., failing RAM, hard drive, or GPU)

Corrupt system files

Driver conflicts or outdated drivers

Incompatible software or system updates The screen usually displays an error

code or message to help diagnose the issue. Restarting the computer, checking
for hardware problems, or performing a system restore can often help resolve
the issue.

1. Troubleshooting Steps for Laptop Charging

Answer

Check the power cable: Ensure the charger is securely plugged into both the
laptop and the power outlet.

Inspect the adapter: Look for visible signs of damage or wear.

Test a different power outlet: Sometimes, the outlet may be faulty.

Try a different charger: If you have access to another charger, test it.
 Inspect the charging port: Check if the charging port on the laptop is loose
or damaged.

Battery issues: If the laptop is not charging, try removing the battery and
powering on the laptop with just the charger.

Check battery health: If possible, check the battery's health through BIOS or
the operating system.

2. Troubleshooting Steps if Touchpad is Not Working

Answer:

Check if the touchpad is enabled: Use the function keys (usually F7, F8, or
similar) to enable the touchpad.

Check for driver issues: Go to Device Manager and check if the touchpad is
listed under “Mice and other pointing devices.” If there’s a yellow
exclamation mark, update or reinstall the driver.

Restart the laptop: Sometimes, a simple restart can fix the issue.

Test external mouse: To rule out hardware issues with the laptop, try
connecting an external mouse to the laptop.

Check BIOS settings: Ensure the touchpad is enabled in the BIOS settings.

Check for physical issues: If the touchpad is physically damaged, consider

getting it repaired.

3. What is BSOD (Blue Screen of Death)?

Answer: BSOD (Blue Screen of Death) is an error screen displayed by the Windows
operating system when it encounters a critical issue, such as hardware failure, corrupt
drivers, or operating system corruption. The screen typically shows an error message,
error code, and sometimes a reason for the crash. It may require troubleshooting the
system, updating drivers, or performing a system restore.

4. What is RAM?

Answer: RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of volatile memory used to store
data temporarily while the computer is running. It allows quick read and write access
to data, which is crucial for running applications and processing tasks. More RAM
generally means better multitasking performance.
5. SSD vs HDD

Answer:

HDD (Hard Disk Drive): A traditional storage device that uses spinning disks
to read and write data. It is slower than an SSD and more prone to physical
damage.

SSD (Solid State Drive): A newer, faster storage device that uses flash
memory to store data. It offers quicker boot times, faster file transfers, and
better durability as it has no moving parts.

6. What Should Be Done If the Computer Won’t

Switch On?

Answer:

Check the power connection: Ensure the computer is plugged in and the
power source is working.

Inspect the power button: Make sure the button is not stuck or
malfunctioning.

Check for lights or sounds: See if the computer emits any lights, sounds, or
beeps (which might indicate hardware status).

Remove external devices: Disconnect all external devices and try to power on
again.

Try a different power source: If using a laptop, test with a different charger
or power outlet.

Reseat internal components: If comfortable, reseat components like RAM or

hard drive.

7. What are BIOS?

Answer: BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is firmware embedded in the

motherboard of a computer. It initializes and tests hardware components during the
boot process and allows the operating system to load. BIOS settings include options
like boot order, system time, and security features.
8. About My Laptop Configuration

Answer: Describe the configuration of your laptop based on your system:

Processor (CPU): E.g., Intel Core i7 or AMD Ryzen 5

RAM: E.g., 8GB or 16GB

Storage: E.g., 256GB SSD or 1TB HDD

Operating System: Windows 10 or 11

Graphics: Integrated graphics (e.g., Intel UHD) or dedicated GPU (e.g.,

Nvidia GeForce)

Display: E.g., 15.6-inch Full HD display

9. What is RAM and ROM in My Laptop?

Answer

RAM: It is the temporary memory used by the system to store active data and
programs. My laptop has [insert RAM capacity]

ROM: ROM (Read-Only Memory) is permanent storage that holds critical

firmware and system instructions. It’s not writable during normal operation,
unlike RAM

10. Ask the Job Role and Describe What Should Be

Done in That Role

Answer: You can answer this based on the role you're interviewing for. For example:

Role: Technical Support Specialist

Answer: "In this role, I would be responsible for providing technical

assistance to customers, troubleshooting hardware and software issues,
guiding them through installation processes, and ensuring their satisfaction
with the services. I would need to stay updated with the latest technology
trends to offer timely solutions."

11. Tell About Hometown in Hindi

1) How to Install Windows or Microsoft in the Laptop

Answer: To install Windows:

Create a bootable USB drive using the Windows Media Creation Tool.

Insert the USB into the laptop and restart it.

Enter BIOS (usually by pressing F2, F12, ESC, or DEL during boot).

Set the USB as the first boot device.

Save and exit BIOS. The laptop will boot from the USB.

Follow the Windows installation wizard, select language, partition, and

install the OS.

Once done, install drivers and updates from Windows Update or the
manufacturer’s website.

2) SSD Full Form and Its Use

Answer:

Full Form: Solid State Drive

Use: SSDs are used for fast data storage. They are much faster than traditional
HDDs, resulting in faster boot times, application loading, and overall better
performance

3) BSOD Full Form and How to Solve It

Answer:

Full Form: Blue Screen of Death

Solution:

Restart the PC.

Check for hardware issues like faulty RAM or hard drive.

Update drivers.

Use System Restore.

Run system diagnostics like sfc /scannow and chkdsk.

 Boot into Safe Mode to troubleshoot further.

4) What is RAM and ROM

Answer:

RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory used for active tasks.
It’s fast and volatile (data is lost when the computer is off).

ROM (Read Only Memory): Permanent memory that stores firmware like
BIOS. It's non-volatile.

5) Components of ROM

Answer:

Types/Components of ROM include:

PROM (Programmable ROM)

EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)

EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM)

Masked ROM

6) Example of ROM

Answer:

BIOS firmware stored on the motherboard.

Firmware in embedded systems, like a washing machine controller or router.

7) What is BIOS and Its Uses

Answer:

Full Form: Basic Input Output System

Uses:

Initializes hardware during startup (POST).

 Loads the operating system.

Allows you to configure settings like boot order, system clock, and
security features.

8) Difference Between IP Address and MAC Address

IP Address MAC Address

Logical address assigned by
Physical address burned into NIC
network
Can be changed
Permanent (usually)
(dynamic/static)
Used for routing between Used within the same local network
networks (LAN)

9) What Are Storage Devices

Answer: Storage devices are hardware components used to store digital data.
Examples include:

HDD (Hard Disk Drive)

SSD (Solid State Drive)

USB Flash Drive

CD/DVD

Memory Cards