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SQL Notes Beginner To Advanced

This document provides an overview of SQL (Structured Query Language), detailing its purpose in database communication and data management. It covers basic SQL commands such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and more advanced concepts like JOINs, GROUP BY, and stored procedures. Additionally, it discusses the creation of tables, views, triggers, indexes, and the use of transactions for data integrity.

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12 views3 pages

SQL Notes Beginner To Advanced

This document provides an overview of SQL (Structured Query Language), detailing its purpose in database communication and data management. It covers basic SQL commands such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and more advanced concepts like JOINs, GROUP BY, and stored procedures. Additionally, it discusses the creation of tables, views, triggers, indexes, and the use of transactions for data integrity.

Uploaded by

renuranarenu1234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SQL Notes (Beginner to Advanced)

What is SQL?

SQL (Structured Query Language) is used to communicate with databases. It helps in storing, manipulating, and
retrieving data efficiently.

Basic SQL Commands

SELECT - Retrieves data


INSERT - Adds new data
UPDATE - Modifies existing data
DELETE - Removes data
CREATE - Creates database objects
DROP - Deletes database objects
WHERE - Filters data
JOIN - Combines rows from two or more tables

SELECT Statement

SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name WHERE condition;

Example:
SELECT name, age FROM employees WHERE department = 'HR';

INSERT INTO Statement

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (value1, value2);

Example:
INSERT INTO employees (name, age, department) VALUES ('Alice', 30, 'Finance');

UPDATE Statement

UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1 WHERE condition;

Example:
UPDATE employees SET age = 31 WHERE name = 'Alice';

DELETE Statement

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;


SQL Notes (Beginner to Advanced)

Example:
DELETE FROM employees WHERE name = 'Alice';

CREATE TABLE

CREATE TABLE employees (


id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(100),
age INT,
department VARCHAR(50)
);

JOINS

INNER JOIN: SELECT a.column, b.column FROM tableA a INNER JOIN tableB b ON a.id = b.id;
LEFT JOIN: SELECT a.column, b.column FROM tableA a LEFT JOIN tableB b ON a.id = b.id;

GROUP BY and Aggregates

SELECT department, COUNT(*) AS total_employees FROM employees GROUP BY department;

Common functions: COUNT(), SUM(), AVG(), MAX(), MIN()

ORDER BY

SELECT name, age FROM employees ORDER BY age DESC;

Aliases

SELECT name AS EmployeeName FROM employees;

BETWEEN / IN / LIKE

BETWEEN: SELECT * FROM employees WHERE age BETWEEN 25 AND 35;


IN: SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department IN ('HR', 'IT');
LIKE: SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name LIKE 'A%';

Subqueries

SELECT name FROM employees WHERE department_id = (SELECT id FROM departments WHERE name = 'HR');
SQL Notes (Beginner to Advanced)

Views

CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name WHERE condition;
SELECT * FROM view_name;

Stored Procedures

CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name AS BEGIN SQL_statement; END;


EXEC procedure_name;

Triggers

CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW BEGIN SQL_statement; END;

Indexes

CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column1);


Improves performance for SELECT queries.

Transactions

BEGIN TRANSACTION;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + 1000 WHERE id = 1;
COMMIT;
-- or ROLLBACK to undo changes

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