Gap Analysis Summary: AI/ML +
Geospatial Projects
This document provides a detailed gap analysis for six high-priority AI/ML + Geospatial
projects. Each entry highlights existing technologies, current limitations, and opportunities
for innovation.
Project Existing Limitations / Gaps Innovation
Technologies Opportunities
Cloud Clustering - IR thresholding - No generalized - CNN+LSTM or 3D
(INSAT) - Blob detection deep model for CNN model
- CNNs for cloud tropical cloud - Semi-automatic IR-
masking clustering labeling
- Rare use of - Evaluate motion &
temporal deep intensity
learning
- Limited work on
INSAT-specific
motion
Feature Detection & - U-Net, - No multi-class - Multi-source U-Net
Change Analysis DeepLabV3+ segmentation for Indian landscape
- Sentinel-2, LISS-III, - Naive change - Siamese networks
CartoDEM detection for temporal change
- Image differencing - Less tuned for - Sentinel + Cartosat
India’s terrain + LISS fusion
Cloud Motion - ConvLSTM, Optical - Diffusion models - CloudDiffNet:
Prediction Flow not applied to diffusion-based
(Diffusion Models) - Radar echo models weather predictor
- Frame prediction - No INSAT-trained - Use
GANs temporal diffusion wind/temperature
- No uncertainty as conditions
quantification - Predict stochastic
cloud states
Air Pollution - Sentinel-5P, - No real-time - ML model
Monitoring OpenAQ forecasting for Tier- combining
- GEE visualizations 2 TROPOMI + ERA5 +
- XGBoost/LSTM - Poor rural OpenAQ
coverage - Forecasting +
- Static dashboards uncertainty bands
- Dashboard for
rural/urban
bridging
Forest Fire Spread - FIRMS + - Static CA rules - ML-enhanced CA
Simulation MODIS/VIIRS - No predictive (data-driven
- CA models alerts transitions)
- Rule-based spread - Few models for - Predict fire-prone
logic Indian forests zones
- Alert system for
high-risk areas
Chain-of-Thought - LangChain, - LLMs lack - GeoThinkChain:
LLM for Spatial LlamaIndex geometry logic CoT + GIS agent
Analysis - LLMs for - No chaining of GEE - Automate prompts
code/data QA + GeoPandas + LLM → plan → run → map
- GIS + Python - Weak in - Spatial KG + query
scripting vector/raster translation
workflows
