Programming
Fundamentals
Repetition Statements
2
Repetition Structures
3
Loops in C
➢ There are two types of loops in C programming.
1. Entry control loops
▪ The test condition is checked before entering the
main body of the loop
2. Exit control loops
▪ The test condition is evaluated at the end of the
loop body.
Loops
Entry controlled Exit controlled
For Do-
While
while
Types of loops
For loop :
• First initializes, then condition check then executes the body
and at last , the update is done.
While loop :
• First initializes, then condition check then executes the body
and updating can be inside the body.
Do-while :
• First executes the body and then the condition check is
done.
For loop
For loop
➢A repetition control structure that allows programmers to
write a loop that will be executed a specific number of times.
➢Enables to perform n number of steps together in a single
line.
For loop - Syntax
for(initialize expression; test expression; update expression)
{
// body of the loop
}
Initialize expression :
• Assign a loop variable / counter (starting point)
Test expression :
• Test conditions are performed if the condition evaluates
to true then the loop body will be executed and then
update of the loop variable is done.
• If the test expression becomes false then the control will
exit from the loop. (Ending point)
Update expression :
• After execution of the loop body loop variable is
updated by some value whether incrementing ,
decrementing , multiplying or dividing any value.
Example
for(int count=1; count<=10; count++)
{
// body of the loop
}
Example
Print “Hello World” ten times.
Example - Code
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
for(int count=1;count<=10;count++)
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
return 0;
}
Exercise
Write a C program to print numbers from 1-10.
Exercise -Code
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
for(int count=1;count<=10;count++)
{
printf("%d\n",count);
}
return 0;
}
Exercise 2
Write a C program to print numbers from 20-1.
Exercise 2 - Code
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
for(int count=20;count>=1;count--)
{
printf("%d\n",count);
}
return 0;
}
Exercise 3
Write a C program to accept 10 numbers from the user and
calculate the total and average.
Exercise 3 - Code
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num,tot=0;
float avg;
for(int count=1;count<=10;count++)
{
printf("Enter a number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
tot=tot+num;
}
avg=(float)tot/10;
printf("The total is %d\n",tot);
printf("The average is %.2f\n",avg);
}
Exercise 4
Write a C program to accept 20 numbers from the user and
display the count of odd numbers and even numbers entered
by the user.
#include<stdio.h>
Exercise 4 -Code
int main()
{
int num,o_count=0,e_count=0;
for(int count=1;count<=20;count++)
{
printf("Enter a number:");
scanf("%d",&num);
if(num%2==0)
{
e_count=e_count+1;
}
else
{
o_count=o_count+1;
}
}
printf("the total of even numbers is %d\n",e_count);
printf("the total of odd numbers is %d\n",o_count);
return 0;
}
While loop
While loop
➢An entry-controlled loop.
➢Used to iterate a part of a code while the given condition
remains true.
While loop – Functional illustration
While loop
start
False While loop
Condition
ends
True
Execute loop
body
While loop
Syntax :
while ( test expression ) //ending point
{
//body of the loop
}
Example
Print “I like coding” statement five
times.
Example
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int count=1;
while(count<=5)
{
printf("Hello World\n");
count++;
}
return 0;
}
Exercise
Write a C program to print numbers from 1-10 using while
loop.
Exercise -Code
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int count=1;
while(count<=10)
{
printf("%d\n",count);
count++;
}
return 0;
}
Exercise
Write a C program to display the total of the numbers from
50-70 using while loop.
Exercise
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int count=50,tot=0;
while(count<=70)
{
printf("%d\n",count);
tot=tot+count;
count++;
}
printf("The total is %d\n",tot);
}
Exercise 3
Write a C program to accept 10 numbers from the user and
display the count of positive numbers and negative numbers
entered by the user.
Exercise 3
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int count=1,num,p_count=0,n_count=0;
while(count<=20)
{
printf("Enter a number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
if(num>0)
{
p_count=p_count+1;
}
else
{
n_count=n_count+1;
}
count++;
}
printf("The positive count is %d\n",p_count);
printf("The negative count is %d\n",n_count);
return 0;
}
Exercise 4
Write a C program to accept integers from the user until user
enters -1.
Exercise 4 - Code
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num;
while(num!=-1)
{
printf("Enter a number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
}
return 0;
}
Exercise 5
Write a C program to accept integers from the user until user
enters zero (0).Calculate the total of the entered integers and
display the total.
Exercise 5
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num,tot=0;
while(num!=0)
{
printf("Enter a number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
tot=tot+num;
}
printf("The total is %d\n",tot);
return 0;
}
do-while loop
do-while loop
➢Used to repeat some part of the code till the given condition
is fulfilled.
➢An exit-controlled loop.
do-while loop – Functional illustration
Do-While
loop start
Execute loop False Do-While
body loop ends
True
Condition
do-while loop
Syntax :
do
{
//body of the loop
}
while(test condition);
Example
Write a C program to print numbers
from 20 to 50 using a do-while loop.
Example
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int count=20;
do
{
printf("%d\n",count);
count++;
}while(count<=50);
return 0;
}
Exercise 1
Write a C program to print numbers from 50-100 in
descending order.
Exercise 1 - Code
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int count=100;
do
{
printf("%d\n",count);
count--;
}while(count>=50);
return 0;
}
Exercise 2
Write a C program to accept integers from the user until user
enters -1.Calculate the total of the entered integers and
display the total.
Exercise 2- Code
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num,tot=0;
do
{
printf("Enter a number :");
scanf("%d",&num);
tot=tot+num;
}while(num!=-1);
printf("The total is %d\n",tot);
return 0;
}
Repetition Structures
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Are you sure?
Thank you for listening.
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