computer APPLICATIONS
ART INTERGRATED PROJECT [AIL]
YEAR – 2020 TO 2021
MAM-NISHANTHINI
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SAMYUKTHA.M.K
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naahar public school
CLASS
IX
Synopsis :
Introduction.
Units of Storage.
Primary Memory.
Secondary Memory.
INTRODUCTION
Memory
The memory unit is one of the most important
parts of the computer . It is used to store data,
information, and the intermediate and the final
results of processing. Computers can store and
retrieve data when required from the memory
locations it is stored.
NITS OF STORAGE
ff
The smallest unit of the computer memory is a ‘BIT short for binary
unit’. The value of a bit can be either 0 or 1. Each character fed to a
computer is converted into a string of bit {0s and 1s}. the table
given below gives you units used to measure the capacity of
memory of the computer.
Smallest unit of memory =1 Bit:
4 bits = 1 Nibble
8 bits = 1 Byte
1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte [KB]
1024 KB = 1 Megabyte [MB]
1024 MB = 1 Gigabyte [GB]
1024 GB= 1 Terabyte [TB]
1024 TB = 1 Petabyte [PB]
1024 PB = 1 Exabyte [EB]
1024 EB = 1 Zettabyte [ZB]
1024 ZB = 1 Yottabyte [YB]
1024 YB= 1 Brontobyte [BB]
RIMARY MEMORY
Primary memory [known as Main
memory].
It is the area in a computer in which data is stored
for quick access by the computer’s processor. This
memory is directly connected to the CPU of the
computer. There 2 types of primary memory.
RAM.
ROM.
RAM [RANDOM ACCESS
MEMORY]:
Ram is a Read/Write memory.ram is used by CPU to store
information that it needs to access very quickly, it does not
store any information permanently .it is a volatile
memory.ram devices use integrated circuits to store
information .there are several types of RAM but
DRAM[Dynamic RAM].RAM is measured by its size[MB and
GB] AND speed[MHz].modern computer have a RAM range
in 4GM,8GM,12GB,32GB,64GB,128 GB.
ROM [READ ONLY MEMORY]
Rom is permanent or non-volatile memory of the computer used
for permanent storage .the size ROM is typically 4MB or 8 MB.
ROM contains of start-up instructions for the computer system
such as checking the input-output devices loading the OS into
RAM. There are 3 different types of ROM .
Programmable read only memory [PROM].
Erasable programmable read only memory [EPROM].
Electrically erasable programmable read only memory
[EEPROM]
CONDARY
MORY
Secondary Memory
[Storage Devices of the
Computer]
The computer uses secondary memory or storage device to
store data and information .storage devices like CDs, DVDs,
Blu-ray disk, pen drives , flash drive and external hard disks
are carried around .they are also used as data transfer
devices, i.e. they are used to transfer data from one device
to another.
Hard Disks
The hard disk drive is fixed inside the computer .a hard
disk consists of a stack of disks on a common spindle,
each surface of which is coated with magnetic
material. Each disk has a number of concentric circles
called tracks. The tracks are divided into sectors and
sectors store data. Nowadays hard disks have storage
capacities ranging from 100 GB to 2 TB.
Floppy Disks
A floppy disk consists of a flexible disk with a
magnetic coating. A floppy is a single disk inside a
protective plastic envelope. Floppy disks are no longer
used since they have very small storage capacities.
Compact Disk
A compact disk or CD is an optical disk used to store
around 700 MB of digital data. Initially CDs were
used to music but were adapted for use as data
storage device. For the data in a CD to be read the
CD must be inserted into the CD drive. CDs are in
three types.
CD – ROM.
CD - R.
CD – RW.
DVD
DVD also known as Digital Versatile disc is an
optical disc storage media format that can be used
for data storage including movies with high video
and sound quality. A DVD looks like a CD but can
store much more data. A DVD has a storage
capacity of 4.7GB. To read a DVD we insert it into a
DVD dive or DVD player where is it ready by a laser
beam.
Blu-Ray disk
Blu-ray also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD) is the name of
the next-generation optical disc. Blu-rays enable
recording rewriting and playing of high definition video
(HD) as well as storing large amount of data. A Blue –ray
disk can hold 25 GB data on a single layer disc and 50GB
on a dual-layer disc. The Blu Ray format uses a blue
violet laser to read and write.
Pen drive/USB
Flash Drive
A Pen drive /USB flash drive is a removable
drive consisting of a flash memory that is
connected to computer via a USB (Universal
Serial Bus) Port. It consists of a small printed
circuit board encased in a plastic or a metal
casing.
Tab
External Hard Disk
External. Hard disk can have storage capacities
of 2GB to 4 TB. They can be used to take backups
of hard disks or store huge amounts of data which
can be easily be carried around.
