Unit II MS-DOS
Ms-Dos stand for microsoft disk oparating System.
• Dos is 16-bit Operating System.
• Dos does not Suppast Multi user.
• Dos does not Support multi tasking memory.
• Das Das a built-in limitation of 1MB of memary
what is Das?
Dos is a program that links the hardware with the application softwaare and act
as the super wiser for proper working for each and every part of the persional
computer.
image1
Other name od DOS is Command Prompt (CMD)
How to Open DOS prompt?
Step1.= Press window + R key button on the keyboard.
Step2.= Cmd write on the run box.
Step3.=Press the enter key of the keyboard.
OR
Press Ok button.
what is the use of basic Dos Command?
• Tell the Computer how to handle incoming information.
• Tell the Computer how and where to store the infarriation.
• Tell the Computer how to display information on the output device.
Types of DOS Command
• There two type of Command
Internal Command.
External Command.
Internal Command!
• Internal Command are all Contained with in a file for COMMAND.COM
this file is loaded in the memary when DOS is loaded.
Example of Internal Command
1) Directory Commond!
The Directory Command (DIR) list the name and size of all the file located on a
particular disk or drive.
Syntax of Directory Commond(DIR)
2) CLS-Command (Clear Screeen)
Thia Command is used to clear the dos screen from perform this command just
type CLS on the DOS function.
Syntax of clear screen(CLS)
3)Date Command
Thia Command is use to display or set the system date.
Syntax: Date (DD/MM/YY)
4)Time Command!
This Command is use to display are set the system time.
Syntax: Time (HH : MM : SS)
Benefitsof Dos
• DOS Command are Simple to remember.
• DOS Command are Simple to use.
• DOS is a very portable stable operating system.
• DOS does not take much Space on the drive.
• DOS-need around 8MB for full installation.
• DOS is cheap and free operating system.
Limitations of DOS
• DOS is a Single user operating System.
• Under DOS you can load only single application into memory at a time.
• DOS Support single user and single processor.
• DOS was designed to recognized only 64KB of RAM.
• DOS cannot handle large amount of RAM lite today'a PC.
• Hardware is difficult to instrall configure under DOS.
Internal Commond DOS.
1.)Version Command:
This Command to use to idicate version numben that which addition of DOS
we are working on.
Syntax: C:\Ver
2.)Working Command:
This command is use to display the volume level and S.no.
Syntax: C:\Vol
3.)Copy CON Command:
This command is use to create new text file.
Syntax: C:\Copy con<File Name>
4.)Copy Command:
This command is use to copy the file to another location and directory.
Syntax: C:\copy<Source file name><Target file name>
5.)Rename Command:
This Command is use to change the name of any type of file or directory.
Syntax: C:\<Source file name><Target file name>
6.)Make Directory Command(MD):
This command is use to create a new directory of file.
Syntax: C:\MD
7.)Change Directory Command:
This command is used to enter or exit of any directory.
Syntax: C:\ CD
8.)Change Directory Dot Dot(CD..):
This command is use to exit of the directory.
Syntax: C:\ CD..
9.)Remove Directory Command:
When be want to remove any un useable directory from disk.
Syntar: C:\ RD
10.)Path Command:
This Command is used to display or set directory from execute-table file.
Syntax: C:\ Path
11.)Exit Command:
This command is used to exit from DOS program.
Syntax: C:\ Exit
12.)Delete Command:
This Command is used for delete any file from disk.
Syntax: C:\ Del
External Command:
This Command are not present in the computer memory but exits as a seprate
file on the disk. It first loaded in the RAM and then execute.
1.)Tree Command:
It is used to graphical display the path of each directory and sub directory on the
drive.
Syntex: C:\ Tree<Dir/Drive name>
2.)Tree ACommand:
This Command show the directory structure.
Syntax: C:\ Tree A
3.)Delete Tree:
It is use to delete directory completely with all its.
Syntax: C:\ Del Tree<Dir name>
4.)Un Delete:
It is use to restore last delete file.
Syntax: C:\ Un Delete<File name>
5.)Memory:
This Command display the tree and used fromothe momary in the Computer.
Syntax: C:\ Mem
6.)System:
This Command in used as copy system file to any other disk.
Syntax: C:\ Sys
System file
There are three types of file)
1.)Command. Com
2.)Input\Output System
3.)MS-DOS System
7.)X. Copy Command:
This Command is used to Copy directory from file one location to another
location then this command is use.
Syntax: C:\ X Copy<Source file><Destination file>
Concept of File and Directory
Concept of file
A file is an organised collection of information/data.
File is the primary unit by which information is in the computer system.
A file enable MS-DOS to understand or deferenceate between collection of
information to another information.
Types of File
1) Data file (System file)
2) Program fille (User file)
Rules for naming a file
• A primary name can have maximum of 8 character.
• A extension name can have minimum of 3 character.
• A file name is valid even if it has no extension.
• A file name can have Alphabet(A-Z),(a-z), Numeric Number(0-9),
Special Characters(#,&,*,%,)
Component of File name
• A file name has two Component.
1.Primary name
2. Extension name
The primary name and extension name is suspend by DOS
Ex: Command.com
Primary name(Command)
Extension name(.Com)
Directories
• Directories divided hard disk into different portion.
• We can store any file in the directory.
• Each directory would have sub directory.
• Directory can be created by usingany sutable software like: Dos, Unix
etc.
• Directory can also be hided.
Ex: image2
CUI (Character/Command User Interface)
• In this interface we have to type Command to interact with Our
Computer.
• The user can interact with application by making the use of
code(program).
• CUI Can perform or run one task of a time.
• It is based on text.
Ex: Dos
image3
Disk portition or Portition of Disk.
1.Disk portition is a act of dividing hard disk into multiple logical storage unit.
2.Portition editor software program can be used to create resize delete and
manuplate this portition on the hard disk.
There are two types of portition.
• Primary
• Extention
Benefits of disk portition
Sepretion of the operating Systern and program file from the users files.
Keeping frequemently used program and data near to each other.
Disadvantage of disk portition
Multiple of disk postition increase disk freqmantation.
Reduces the tolal Space avaiable for the user storage on the disk.
Booting of the System
The booting process the sequence of step that take place when a computer is
turned on and the operating system is loaded into memory.
OR
The starting process of the Computer System is known as booting
Power buttton
It send the power to the boot loaded in the cache memory.
Power On Self Test(POST) the boot loaded perform a Dos to test all hardware
device issues.
Basic Input Output System(BIOS) it is activate and find loader the operating
system.
Types of Booting
• Cold
• Warm
