CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.

Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

UNIT-1
INTRODUCTION

Introduction to Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is a technological advancement that focuses on the way we design
computing systems, develop applications, and leverage existing services for building
software.
Cloud computing is based on dynamic provisioning.
Here, dynamic provisioning refers to the ability to acquire on demand virtual machines.
Cloud Computing is the delivery the services over the Cloud (Internet).
Cloud computing allows renting infrastructure, runtime environments, and services on
a pay-per-use basis.
Cloud computing deliver services such as servers, storage, databases, networking,
software , analytics, intelligence and more.
Cloud computing means from a single computer using services provided by other
companies over the network.
Exactly where the hardware and software is located and how it all works doesn’t matter
to you.
Most of us are using clouding computing all the day but they don’t KNOW what it’s
actually called.
For example,
• Searching on Google is an example of cloud computing.
• Email
• Messaging over internet
• Watching videos on YouTube
All above examples have their storage from where we fetch data. We are not having
any personal storage but we can still store lot of daily emails on Googles gmail storage.
But we required internet here. Which is an example of cloud computing.
Historical development of Cloud Computing
1. In 1950 the main frame and time sharing are born, introducing the concept of
shared computer resources.
2. During this time word cloud was not in use.
3. Cloud computing is believed to have been invented by Joseph Carl Robnett
Licklider in the 1960s with his work on ARPANET to connect people and data
from anywhere at any time.
4. In 1969 the first working prototype of ARPANET is launched.
5. In 1970 the word “Client-Server” come in to use.

NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

6. Client server defines the computing model where client access the data and
applications from a central server.
7. In 1995, pictures of cloud are started showing in diagrams, for not technical
people to understand.
8. At that time AT & T had already begun to develop an architecture and system
where data would be located centrally.
9. In 1999 the salesforce.com was launched, the first company to make enterprise
applications available from a website.
10. In 1999, the search engine Google launches.
11. In 1999, Netflix was launched, introducing the new revenue way.
12. In 2003, web2.0 is born, which is characterized by rich multimedia. Now user
can generate content.
13. In 2004 Facebook launches giving users facility to share themselves.
14. In 2006, Amazon launched Amazon Web Services(AWS), giving users a new
way.
15. In2006, Google CEO Eric Schmidt uses the word “cloud” as an industry event.
16. In 2007, Apple launches iPhone, which could be used on any wireless network.
17. In 2007, Netflix launches streaming services, and live video watching is born.
18. In 2008, private cloud come in to existence.
19. In 2009, browser based application like google apps are introduced.
20. In 2010, hybrid cloud (private+public cloud) comes in to existence.
21. In 2012, Google launches google drive with free cloud storage.
22. Now cloud adoption is present, which makes cloud computing more stronger.
23. The IT services progressed over the decades with the adoption of technologies
such as Internet Service Providers (ISP) Application Service Providers.

Vision of Cloud Computing

Here vision of cloud computing means idea behind cloud computing.
1. Cloud computing provides the facility to provision virtual hardware, runtime
environment and services to a person having money.
2. These all things can be used as long as they are needed by the user, there is no
requirement for the upfront commitment.
3. The whole collection of computing system is transformed into a collection of
utilities, which can be provisioned and composed together to deploy systems
in hours rather than days, with no maintenance costs.
4. The long term vision of a cloud computing is that IT services are traded as
utilities in an open market without technological and legal barriers.
5. In the near future we can imagine that it will be possible to find the solution
that matches with our requirements by simply entering our request in a global
digital market that trades with cloud computing services.

NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

6. The existence of such market will enable the automation of the discovery
process and its integration into its existing software systems.
7. Due to the existence of a global platform for trading cloud services will also
help service providers to potentially increase their revenue.
8. A cloud provider can also become a consumer of a competitor service in order
to fulfill its promises to customers.
Characterstics of Cloud Computing as per NIST
NIST stands for National institute of standards and technology.
According to NIST there are five essential characteristics of cloud computing:
1. On Demand Self Service
2. Broad network access
3. Resource pooling
4. Rapid elasticity
5. Measured service
1. On Demand Self Service
User gets on demand self-services. User can get computer services like email,
applications etc. without interacting with each service provider.
Some of the cloud service providers are- Amazon Web Service, Microsoft, IBM,
Salesforce.com.
2. Broad network access
Cloud services are available over the network and can be accessed through different
clients such as mobile, laptops etc.
3. Resource pooling
Same resources can be used by more than one customer at a same time.
For example: storage, network bandwidth can be used by any number of customers and
without knowing the exact location of that resource.
4. Rapid elasticity
On users demand cloud services can be available and released. Cloud service
capabilities are unlimited and used in any quantity at any time.
5. Measured service
Resources used by the users can be monitored, controlled. This reports is available for
both cloud providers and consumer. On the basis of this measured reports cloud systems
automatically controls and optimizes the resources based on the type of services.
Services like- Storage, processing, bandwidth etc.
Cloud Computing reference model
The Conceptual Reference Model as per NIST
Figure presents an overview of the NIST cloud computing reference architecture, which
identifies the major actors, their activities and functions in cloud computing. The

NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

diagram depicts a generic high-level architecture and is intended to facilitate the

understanding of the requirements, uses, characteristics and standards of cloud
computing.

The NIST cloud computing reference architecture defines five major actors: cloud
consumer, cloud provider, cloud carrier, cloud auditor and cloud broker. Each actor is
an entity (a person or an organization) that participates in a transaction or process and/or
performs tasks in cloud computing. Table 1 briefly lists the actors defined in the NIST
cloud computing reference architecture. The general activities of the actors are
discussed in the remainder of this section, while the details of the architectural elements
are discussed in Section 3. Figure 2 illustrates the interactions among the actors. A cloud
consumer may request cloud services from a cloud provider directly or via a cloud
broker. A cloud auditor conducts independent audits and may contact the others to
collect necessary information. The details will be discussed in the following sections
and presented in increasing level of details in successive diagrams.
Actor Definition Cloud Consumer
A person or organization that maintains a business relationship with, and uses service
from,
Cloud Providers.
Cloud Provider A person, organization, or entity responsible for making a service
available to interested parties.
Cloud Auditor
A party that can conduct independent assessment of cloud services, information system
operations, performance and security of the cloud implementation.
Cloud Broker
An entity that manages the use, performance and delivery of cloud services, and
negotiates relationships between Cloud Providers and Cloud Consumers.
Cloud Carrier

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Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

An intermediary that provides connectivity and transport of cloud services from Cloud
Providers to Cloud Consumers.

Figure 2: Interactions between the Actors in Cloud Computing

Cloud Consumer
The cloud consumer is the principal stakeholder for the cloud computing service. A
cloud consumer represents a person or organization that maintains a business
relationship with, and uses the service from a cloud provider. A cloud consumer
browses the service catalog from a cloud provider, requests the appropriate service, sets
up service contracts with the cloud provider, and uses the service. The cloud consumer
may be billed for the service provisioned, and needs to arrange payments accordingly.
Cloud consumers need SLAs to specify the technical performance requirements
fulfilled by a cloud provider. SLAs can cover terms regarding the quality of service,
security, remedies for performance failures. A cloud provider may also list in the SLAs
a set of promises explicitly not made to consumers, i.e. limitations, and obligations that
cloud consumers must accept. A cloud consumer can freely choose a cloud provider
with better pricing and more favorable terms. Typically a cloud provider‟s pricing

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Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

policy and SLAs are non-negotiable, unless the customer expects heavy usage

and might be able to negotiate for better contracts.

Cloud Provider
A cloud provider is a person, an organization; it is the entity responsible for making a
service available to interested parties. A Cloud Provider acquires and manages the
computing infrastructure required for providing the services, runs the cloud software
that provides the
services, and makes arrangement to deliver the cloud services to the Cloud Consumers
through network access.
For Software as a Service, the cloud provider deploys, configures, maintains and
updates the operation of the software applications on a cloud infrastructure so that the
services are provisioned at the expected service levels to cloud consumers. The provider
of SaaS assumes most of the responsibilities in managing and controlling the
applications and the infrastructure, while the cloud consumers have limited
administrative control of the applications.

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Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

Figure- Cloud Provider Major Activity

Cloud Auditor
A cloud auditor is a party that can perform an independent examination of cloud service
controls with the intent to express an opinion thereon. Audits are performed to verify
conformance to standards through review of objective evidence. A cloud auditor can
evaluate the services provided by a cloud provider in terms of security controls, privacy
impact, performance, etc.
Cloud Broker
As cloud computing evolves, the integration of cloud services can be too complex for
cloud consumers to manage. A cloud consumer may request cloud services from a cloud
broker, instead of contacting a cloud provider directly. A cloud broker is an entity that
manages the use, performance and delivery of cloud services and negotiates
relationships between cloud providers and cloud consumers.
In general, a cloud broker can provide services in three categories:
Service Intermediation: A cloud broker enhances a given service by improving some
specific capability and providing value-added services to cloud consumers. The
improvement can be managing access to cloud services, identity management,
performance reporting, enhanced security, etc. Service Aggregation: A cloud broker
combines and integrates multiple services into one or more new services. The broker
provides data integration and ensures the secure data movement between the cloud
consumer and multiple cloud providers.
Service Arbitrage: Service arbitrage is similar to service aggregation except that the
services being aggregated are not fixed. Service arbitrage means a broker has the

NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

flexibility to choose services from multiple agencies. The cloud broker, for example,
can use a credit-scoring service to measure and select an agency with the best score.
Cloud Carrier
A cloud carrier acts as an intermediary that provides connectivity and transport of cloud
services between cloud consumers and cloud providers. Cloud carriers provide access
to consumers through network, telecommunication and other access devices. For
example, cloud consumers can obtain cloud services through network access devices,
such as computers, laptops, mobile phones, mobile Internet devices (MIDs), etc.

Cloud computing environments

1. Application development
2. Infrastructure and system development
3. Computing platforms and technologies
1. Application development
Applications that leverage cloud computing benefit.
Web applications are one class of it:
• Applications performance influenced by the workload generated by the different
users demand.
• With the diffusion of Web 2.0 technologies, the Web has become a platform for
developing rich and complex applications.
• It includes enterprise applications that now leverage the Internet as the preferred
channel for service delivery and user interaction.
Resource-intensive applications are another class of it:
• These can be either dataintensive or compute-intensive applications.
• For example, scientific applications.
• Resource-intensive applications are not interactive and they are mostly
characterized by batch processing.
Cloud computing provides application services that mimic the behavior of desktop
applications but that are completely hosted and managed on the providers side.
Developers access such services via simple Web interfaces, often implemented through
RREST (Representational State Transfer) Web services.
2. Infrastructure and system development
• IaaS solutions provide the capabilities to add and remove resources.
• PaaS solutions embed into their core offering algorithms and rules that control
the provisioning process and the lease of resources.
• Integration between cloud resources and existing system deployment is another
element of concern.

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Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

• Web2.0 technologies constitute the interface through which cloud computing

services are delivered, managed, and provisioned.
• Virtualization technology is a core feature of the infrastructure used by cloud
providers.
3. Computing platforms and technologies
Development of a cloud computing application happens by leveraging platforms and
frameworks that provide different types of services, from the bare-metal infrastructure
to customizable applications serving specific purposes.
Some of the cloud computing platforms and technologies are:
• Amazon web services (AWS): Provides customers with a wide array of cloud
services.
• Google AppEngine: For developing and hosting web applications in Google-
managed data centers.
• Microsoft Azure: It provides a range of cloud services, including those for
compute, analytics, storage and networking.
• Hadoop: Hadoop is a Java-based framework used to manipulate data in the cloud
or on premises. Hadoop can be installed on cloud servers to manage Big data
whereas cloud alone cannot manage data without Hadoop in It.
• Salesforce.com: It is a cloud computing SaaS company that specializes in
customer relationship management (CRM). Salesforce’s services allow
businesses to use cloud technology to better connect with customers, partners
and potential customers.
• Manjrasoft Aneka: It is focused on the creation of innovative software
technologies for simplifying the development and deployment of applications
on private or public Clouds.

Cloud service requirements

1. Efficiency / cost reduction

2. Data security
3. Scalability
4. Mobility
5. Disaster recovery
6. Control
7. Market reach
8. Automatic Software Updates

1. Efficiency / cost reduction

By using cloud infrastructure, you don’t have to spend huge amounts of money on
purchasing and maintaining equipment.
2. Data security

NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

Cloud offers many advanced security features that guarantee that data is securely
stored and handled. Cloud storage providers implement baseline protections for
their platforms and the data they process, such authentication, access control, and
encryption.
3. Scalability
Different companies have different IT needs — a large enterprise of 1000+ employees
won’t have the same IT requirements as a start-up.Using cloud is a great solution
because it enables enterprise to efficiently — and quickly — scale up/down according
to business demands.
4. Mobility
Cloud computing allows mobile access to corporate data via smartphones and devices,
which is a great way to ensure that no one is ever left out of the loop. Staff with busy
schedules, or who live a long way away from the corporate office, can use this feature
to keep instantly up-to-date with clients and coworkers.
5. Disaster recovery
Data loss is a major concern for all organizations, along with data security. Storing your
data in the cloud guarantees that data is always available, even if your equipment like
laptops or PCs, is damaged. Cloud-based services provide quick data recovery for all
kinds of emergency scenarios.
6. Control
Cloud enables you complete visibility and control over your data. You can easily decide
which users have what level of access to what data.
7. Market reach
Developing in the cloud enables users to get their applications to market quickly.
8. Automatic Software Updates
Cloud-based applications automatically refresh and update themselves.
Cloud and dynamic infrastructure
Cloud and dynamic infrastructure refer to two interconnected concepts in the field of
information technology and computing.
Cloud Infrastructure:
Cloud infrastructure refers to the collection of hardware, software, and network
resources that are provided as services over the internet.
Instead of maintaining physical servers and infrastructure on-premises, organizations
can leverage cloud computing services to store data, run applications, and deliver
various computing resources on-demand.

NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

Cloud infrastructure is typically managed by cloud service providers (e.g., Amazon

Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform) and offers scalability,
flexibility, and cost efficiency to businesses.
Cloud infrastructure is typically composed of the following components:
Virtualization: Cloud infrastructure uses virtualization techniques to create virtual
instances of servers, storage, and networks. Virtualization enables efficient resource
allocation and utilization by allowing multiple virtual machines (VMs) or containers to
run on a single physical server.
Storage: Cloud infrastructure provides scalable and reliable storage options for storing
data. It may include object storage, block storage, and file storage services.
Compute: Cloud infrastructure offers computing resources in the form of virtual
machines (VMs) or containers. Users can provision and manage these compute
resources as needed, scaling up or down based on demand.
Networking: Cloud infrastructure provides networking capabilities to connect and
secure resources within the cloud environment. It includes virtual networks, load
balancers, firewalls, and other networking components.
Management Tools: Cloud infrastructure is accompanied by management tools that
enable users to monitor, provision, and control their cloud resources. These tools
facilitate automation, orchestration, and administration of the cloud infrastructure.
Dynamic Infrastructure:
Dynamic infrastructure refers to an IT infrastructure that can adapt and scale based on
varying workload demands.
It leverages cloud computing principles and technologies to dynamically allocate
computing resources, optimize performance, and meet changing requirements.
The key features of dynamic infrastructure include:
Scalability: Dynamic infrastructure enables the seamless scaling of computing
resources, allowing businesses to accommodate fluctuating workloads. It can
automatically provision additional resources when demand increases and deprovision
them when demand decreases.
Elasticity: Similar to scalability, elasticity refers to the ability of infrastructure to
automatically adjust resource allocation in real-time. It ensures that the right amount of
resources is available to handle workload variations, optimizing performance and cost
efficiency.
Automation: Dynamic infrastructure relies heavily on automation to provision,
configure, and manage resources. Automated processes and tools enable rapid resource
provisioning, reduce human error, and improve overall operational efficiency.
Self-Service Provisioning: Dynamic infrastructure often provides self-service
capabilities, allowing users to request and provision resources on-demand without the
need for manual intervention from IT personnel.
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Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

Orchestration: Dynamic infrastructure incorporates orchestration tools to manage and

coordinate various resources and services in a unified manner. Orchestration ensures
smooth interactions between different components of the infrastructure and helps
automate complex workflows.
By combining the benefits of cloud infrastructure with the dynamic allocation of
resources, organizations can achieve greater agility, scalability, and cost optimization
in their IT operations.
Application of Cloud Computing:
Use Cases of Cloud Application
• Scientific Applications
– Health care Analysis in the Cloud
– Biology
• Geo Science
• Business and Consumer Applications
• Productivity
• Social Networking
• Media Applications
• Multiplayer online gaming
Cloud application: ECG Analysis in the cloud
ECG (Electrocardiogram) analysis in the cloud refers to the utilization of cloud
computing resources and services to process and analyze ECG data. Cloud-based ECG
analysis offers several advantages, including scalability, accessibility, and
collaboration.
Here’s an overview of how ECG analysis can be performed in the cloud:
1. Data Collection and Storage:
• ECG data can be collected using wearable devices, monitoring systems, or
medical equipment.
• The collected data is securely transmitted to the cloud for storage and further
analysis.
• Cloud storage services provide a scalable and reliable platform to store large
volumes of ECG data.
2. Data Preprocessing:
• ECG data often requires preprocessing before analysis to remove noise, artifacts,
and baseline wander.

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Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

• Cloud-based preprocessing techniques can be applied to the raw ECG data using
algorithms for filtering, signal enhancement, and normalization.
• Preprocessed ECG data is stored or transmitted to subsequent analysis modules.
3. Signal Processing and Analysis:
• Cloud-based signal processing algorithms can be applied to analyze ECG data
for various purposes, such as arrhythmia detection, heart rate variability
analysis, and ischemia detection.
• Cloud resources provide the computational power and scalability needed for
complex signal processing tasks.
• Machine learning and data mining techniques can be employed in the cloud to
train models and perform automated analysis on ECG data.
4. Real-time Monitoring and Alerting:
• Cloud platforms enable real-time monitoring of ECG data streamed from
wearable devices or monitoring systems.
• Cloud-based algorithms can continuously analyze the incoming ECG data to
detect abnormalities or critical events.
• In case of any anomalies or predefined thresholds being crossed, the cloud
system can generate alerts or notifications to healthcare providers or patients.
5. Collaboration and Integration:
• Cloud-based ECG analysis allows for seamless collaboration among healthcare
professionals, researchers, and data scientists.
• Multiple users can access and analyze the same ECG data simultaneously,
enabling collaborative diagnosis and research.
• Integration with electronic health record (EHR) systems or telemedicine
platforms can facilitate the exchange of ECG data and analysis results between
healthcare providers and patients.
6. Security and Privacy:
• Cloud providers implement robust security measures to protect sensitive ECG
data, including encryption, access controls, and compliance with healthcare
data protection regulations.
• Compliance with standards such as HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act) ensures the privacy and security of patient health
information.
Cloud-based ECG analysis offers several advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages:
1. Scalability: Cloud resources can be scaled up or down based on demand,
accommodating varying workloads efficiently.
2. Cost Efficiency: Pay-as-you-go model eliminates upfront infrastructure costs,
resulting in potential cost savings.
3. Accessibility and Remote Collaboration: Enables remote access to data and analysis
tools, facilitating collaboration among healthcare professionals and researchers.

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Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

4. Advanced Computing Power: Access to powerful computing resources enables faster

processing and analysis of ECG data.
5. Real-time Monitoring and Alerts: Allows for real-time monitoring of ECG data and
prompt detection of abnormalities or critical events.
Disadvantages:
1. Dependency on Internet Connectivity: Requires a stable and reliable internet
connection for accessing cloud resources.
2. Security and Privacy Concerns: Raises concerns regarding the security and privacy
of sensitive ECG data stored and processed in the cloud.
3. Data Transfer and Compliance: Uploading large volumes of ECG data to the cloud
may require significant bandwidth and compliance with data protection regulations.
4. Vendor Dependency: Reliance on third-party cloud service providers can impact
availability and performance.
5. Data Ownership and Control: Organizations need clear agreements to maintain
control over data ownership, control, and data portability.
Healthcare: ECG Analysis in cloud computing:
• Example of health monitoring system is ECG machine which is used to measure
the Heart-Beat of Human body and the output is get printed on the graph paper.

• Here the meaning of arrhythmias means “not having a steady rhythm”, “an
arrhythmic heartbeat” means a heart beat which is not in it’s rhythm.
• Now we will let this concept enter into the cloud computing.
• Cloud computing technologies allows the remote monitoring of a patient’s heart
beat data.
• Through this way the patient at risk can be constantly monitored without going
to the hospital for ECG analysis.

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Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

• At the same time the Doctor’s can instantly be notified with cases that need’s
their attention.

• Here in this fig there are different types of computing devices equipped with
ECG sensors to constantly monitor the patient’s heart beat.
• The respective information is transmitted to the patient’s mobile device that will
immediately forwarded to the cloud- hosted web services for analysis.
• The entire web services from the front end of a platform that is completely hosted
in the cloud that consist of three layers:Saas,Paas,Iaas.
Cloud application: Protein structure prediction
What is Protein ?
• Proteins are large molecules consisting of amino acids which our bodies and the
cells in our bodies need to function properly.
• Our body structures, functions, the regulation of the body’s cells, tissues and
organs cannot exist without proteins.
• Our muscles, skin, bones and many other parts of the body contain significant
amounts of protein.
• Protein accounts for 20% of total body Weight.
Why do we need Protein ?
• Your hair, your nails, and the outer layers of your skin are made of the protein
keratin. Keratin is a protein resistant to digestive enzymes. So if you bite your
nails, you can’t digest them.
• Bone has plenty of protein. the soft material inside the bone, also contains
protein.
NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

• Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein compound that carries oxygen
throughout the body.
• Finally, proteins play an important part in the creation of every new cell and
every new individual.

• Application or s/w that requires high computing capabilities and they are having
large data sets may cause high I/O operations.
• Due to these requirements they are overusing the super computing and cluster
computing Infrastructures.
• Protein structure Prediction is a computationally intensive task fundamental for
different types research in the life sciences.
• The prediction of the protein structure will help the medical scientists to develop
new drugs.
• This task requires the investigation of protein structure at so many number of
states and also it is creating a large no of computing calculations for all of these
states.
• The computational Power required for this prediction can now be acquired
online, without owning it.
• Cloud computing grants the access to such capacity on pay per use basis.
• A project that can analyze the use of cloud Technologies for protein structure
prediction is JEEVA PORTAL.
• It is an integrated web portal that enables the scientists to do the prediction task
using cloud techniques.
• This prediction Task uses machine learning techniques for explaining the
secondary structure of proteins.
• These techniques will convert the problem in a manner so that they can be
classified into 3 phases :initialization, classification and a final phase.
• As It is already cleared By it’s name it the first phase of this prediction named
“Initialization of protein structure prediction”.
• The actual Prediction starts in the initialization phase .
• In the second phase the execution is get completed concurrently.

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Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

• This will reduce the computational time.

• The prediction algorithm is then transformed into a Task graph and that is
submitted to Aneka
• Aneka is a platform and a framework for developing distributed applications on
the Cloud. It harnesses the spare CPU cycles of a heterogeneous network of
desktop PCs and servers or datacenters on demand.
• Aneka provides developers with a rich set of APIs for transparently exploiting
such resources and expressing the business logic of applications by using the
preferred programming abstractions.
• System administrators can leverage on a collection of tools to monitor and
control the deployed infrastructure. This can be a public cloud available to
anyone through the Internet, or a private cloud constituted by a set of nodes
with restricted access.

• Jeeva is a computational platform which simplifies the development of new

prediction algorithms and improves the efficiency at the same time.
• Jeeva web portal system consists of an interactive web interface and a Grid
middleware.
• With the interactive web interface, users can submit prediction requests for
protein secondary structures, collect results, and manage the history of
prediction data.
• By means of the Grid middleware, researchers can not only deploy their
prediction applications in a distributed environment easily, but also monitor
and manage the execution in the distributed environment.

NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

Cloud application: Gene expression data analysis

Gene
A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes, which are made up
of DNA, act as instructions to make molecules, such as proteins. In humans, genes vary
in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases.
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis
of a functional gene product, such as proteins.
Some of the tools for gene expression analysis are
1. AltAnalyze
2. Dchip
3. geWorkbench 2.5.1 from NCI.
4. Babelomics suit
5. Myrna
• Cloud-CoXCS, is a machine learning classification system for gene expression
datasets on the Cloud infrastructure.
• It is composed of three components: CoXCS, Aneka, and Cloud computing
infrastructure.

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Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

• Gene expression technology, allows for the monitoring of the expression levels
of thousands of genes at once.
• As a direct result of recent advances technology, it is now feasible to obtain gene
expression profiles of tissue samples at relatively low costs.
• The gene expression software’s, such as as Myrna, uses cloud computing, an
Internet-based method of sharing computer resources.
• Cloud computing bundles together the processing power of the individual
computers using the Internet.
• A number of firms with large computing centers like Amazon, Microsoft etc, rent
unused computers over the Internet for a fee.
• Cloud computing makes economic sense because cloud vendors are very
efficient at running and maintaining huge collections of computers.
• Researchers struggling to keep pace with their sequencing instruments can use
the cloud to scale up their analyses while avoiding the headaches associated
with building and running their own computer center.

GeoScience: Satellite Image Processing

• Geoscience applications collect, produce, and analyse massive amounts
of geospatial and non-spatial data.
• As the technology progresses and our planet becomes more instrumented
(i.e., through the deployment of sensors and satellites for monitoring), the
volume of data that need to be processed increases significantly. In
particular, the geographic information system (GIS) is a major element of
geoscience applications. GIS applications capture, store, manipulate,
analyze, manage, and present all types of geographically referenced data.
• This type of information is now becoming increasingly relevant to a wide
variety of application domains: from advanced farming to civil security
and also natural resources management.
• As a result, a considerable amount of geo-referenced data is ingested into
computer systems for further processing and analysis. Cloud computing
is an attractive option for executing these demanding tasks and extracting
meaningful information for supporting decision makers.
• Satellite remote sensing generates hundreds of gigabytes of raw images
that need to be further processed to become the basis of several different
GIS products. This process requires both I/O and compute intensive tasks.
• Large size images need to be moved from the ground station’s local
storage to compute facilities where several transformations and
corrections are applied. Cloud computing provides the appropriate
infrastructure to support such application scenario. A Cloud- based
implementation of such a workflow has been developed by the
Department of Space, Government of India.
• The system shown in Figure integrates several technologies across the
entire computing stack.
NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

• A SaaS application provides a collection of services for such as geocode

generation and data visualization.
• At the PaaS level Aneka controls the import of data into the virtualized
infrastructure and the execution of image processing tasks that produce
the desired outcome from raw satellite images.
• The platform leverages a Xen private Cloud and the Aneka technology to
dynamically provision the required resources (i.e, grow or shrink) on
demand.

CRM and ERP in Cloud Computing –

What is CRM?
CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management and is a software that is hosted
in cloud so that the users can access the information using internet. CRM software
provides high level of security and scalability to its users and can be easily used on
mobile phones to access the data.
Now a days, many business vendors and service providers are using these CRM
software to manage the resources so that the user can access them via internet. Moving
the business computation from desktop to the cloud is proving a beneficial step in both
the IT and Non-IT fields. Some of the major CRM vendors include Oracle Siebel,
Mothernode CRM, Microsoft Dynamics CRM, Infor CRM, SAGE CRM, NetSuite
CRM.
Advantages: Few advantages of using CRM are as follows:
• High reliability and scalability
• Easy to use
• Highly secured
• Provides flexibility to users and service providers
• Easily accessible
What is ERP?
ERP is an abbreviation for Enterprise Resource Planning and is a software similar to
CRM that is hosted on cloud servers which helps the enterprises to manage and

NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

manipulate their business data as per their needs and user requirements. ERP software
follows pay per use methodologies of payment, that is at the end of the month, the
enterprise pay the amount as per the cloud resources utilized by them. There are
various ERP vendors available like Oracle, SAP, Epicor, SAGE, Microsoft Dynamics,
Lawson Softwares and many more.
Advantages: Few advantages of using ERP softwares are:
• Cost effective
• High mobility
• Increase in productivity
• No security issues
• Scalable and efficient

Social Networking
Cloud computing has become an integral part of modern social networking platforms.
It is a model that enables users to access shared computing resources, such as servers,
storage, applications, and services, over the Internet. Social networking platforms have
evolved from simple text-based forums to complex platforms that support multimedia
content, real-time messaging, and social gaming. As these platforms have grown in
complexity, the need for scalable and reliable computing resources has become
increasingly important. Cloud computing has emerged as a viable solution to this
problem, providing the necessary computing power and storage space to support large-
scale social networking applications.
In this article, we will explore the role of cloud computing in social networking,
discussing its benefits and challenges and how it shapes the future of social networking.
Advantages of Cloud Computing in Social Networking
Cloud computing comes with various advantages that can help in social networking.
Some of its advantages include the following −
Scalability And Flexibility
One of the biggest benefits of cloud computing in social networking is its ability to
scale quickly and easily. Cloud computing platforms allow users to scale up or down
depending on the demand for their services. It means that social networking sites can
handle large amounts of traffic during peak usage periods without experiencing any
downtime or slow loading times.
Cloud computing allows for flexibility in terms of data storage and processing. With
the ability to easily add or remove computing resources as needed, social networking
sites can quickly adapt to changes in user demand or unexpected events. This scalability
and flexibility are crucial for social networking sites to keep up with their users' ever-
changing needs and maintain a competitive edge in the market. They also enable social
networking platforms to expand their reach and capabilities without worrying about
infrastructure constraints.

NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

Cost-Efficient
Cloud computing is cost-effective. With cloud computing, social networking platforms
can save much money as they don't need to invest in expensive hardware or software;
they only need to pay for what they use. Cloud computing also eliminates the need for
maintaining and managing physical servers, reducing the costs of IT infrastructure and
maintenance. As a result, social networking platforms can redirect their resources
towards enhancing user experience and developing innovative features.
Improved Collaboration
Cloud computing has revolutionized collaboration in social networking by enabling
users to work on the same project or document in real time, regardless of their location.
Cloud-based tools such as Google Docs and Dropbox allow multiple users to edit and
share files simultaneously, which has made it easier for remote teams to work together
seamlessly. This has significantly improved productivity and reduced turnaround time,
making it a valuable asset for businesses and individuals.
Data Security
One of the primary concerns with cloud computing is that data is stored on remote
servers and may be accessed by unauthorized users. This can happen due to
vulnerabilities in the software or infrastructure or due to insider threats. However, cloud
providers typically have robust security measures to protect against these risks, such as
encryption, access controls, and monitoring. Users can also take steps to protect their
data, such as implementing strong passwords and two-factor authentication and
regularly reviewing their security settings.
While there is a risk of data breaches in cloud computing, it is important to weigh this
against the many benefits that it provides. By taking appropriate security measures and
partnering with a reputable cloud provider, organizations can safely and securely
leverage the power of the cloud to enhance their social networking capabilities.
Cloud-Based Social Networking Platforms
Cloud-based social networking platforms like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and
Instagram are built on cloud computing technology. These platforms use cloud
computing to store and manage vast amounts of user-generated data.
These social networking platforms use cloud computing in various ways. Firstly, they
use cloud storage to store users' data, such as photos, videos, messages, and posts. The
cloud storage infrastructure allows these platforms to securely store large volumes of
data and access them quickly from anywhere in the world. This also ensures that users
can access their data from multiple devices seamlessly.
Secondly, cloud-based social networking platforms process and analyse users' data
using cloud computing. These platforms leverage big data analytics tools to analyse
users' behaviour, preferences, and interests and use this information to deliver
personalized content and advertisements to users. It helps these platforms to enhance
user engagement and generate revenue from targeted advertising.

NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE
 CLOUD COMPUTING | CS334 | B.Tech (2023-24) | UNIT - 1

Challenges For Social Networking

While cloud computing has revolutionized the world of social networking, it also
brings challenges and risks. Some of the challenges include the following −
Performance
Performance issues can also arise when using cloud computing in social networking. If
the server infrastructure cannot handle large amounts of traffic, it can lead to slow
response times, downtime, and reduced user engagement.
Integration With Existing Systems
Many companies already have existing IT systems, and integrating cloud services into
them can be challenging. It's important for businesses to carefully plan and manage the
integration process to ensure that everything works together smoothly.
Regulatory Compliance
Social networking platforms often collect and store sensitive personal information
subject to various regulations and laws. Companies must comply with these regulations
when using cloud computing for social networking.
Conclusion
In conclusion, cloud computing has become essential to social networking, providing
the scalability, flexibility, cost-efficiency, collaboration, and data security that social
networking platforms require. However, cloud computing poses various challenges,
including performance issues, integration with existing systems, and regulatory
compliance. Despite these challenges, cloud computing has undoubtedly
revolutionized the way we interact with each other online, paving the way for exciting
possibilities and opportunities in the future. As technology evolves, we expect cloud
computing to play an even more significant role in shaping the social networking
landscape.

NIDA KHAN
Dept of CSE