1. What is Java?
Answer: Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language
that is platform-independent due to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
2. What is the JVM?
Answer: JVM stands for Java Virtual Machine. It runs Java bytecode and enables
Java’s platform independence.
3. What is the JDK?
Answer: JDK (Java Development Kit) is a software development environment used to
develop Java applications. It includes the JRE and development tools like javac.
4. What is the JRE?
Answer: JRE (Java Runtime Environment) provides libraries and JVM to run Java
applications. It does not contain development tools.
5. What are the main features of Java?
Answer:
Object-Oriented
Platform Independent
Secure
Robust
Multithreaded
Portable
6. What is the main method in Java?
Answer: It's the entry point of any Java program:
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Code
}
7. What are data types in Java?
Answer: Java has two types:
Primitive (int, float, double, char, boolean, etc.)
Non-Primitive (String, Arrays, Classes, etc.)
8. What is a class in Java?
Answer: A class is a blueprint for objects. It defines properties (fields) and
behaviors (methods).
9. What is an object in Java?
Answer: An object is an instance of a class that contains state and behavior.
10. What is inheritance?
Answer: Inheritance allows a class to acquire properties and methods of another
class using the extends keyword.
11. What is encapsulation?
Answer: Encapsulation is wrapping data and code into a single unit. It uses access
modifiers like private with getters/setters.
12. What is polymorphism?
Answer: Polymorphism means many forms. It allows methods to perform different tasks
based on the object that invokes them.
13. What is abstraction?
Answer: Abstraction hides implementation details and shows only functionality. It’s
achieved using abstract classes or interfaces.
14. What is an interface?
Answer: An interface is a reference type in Java, similar to a class, that can
contain abstract methods and constants.
15. What is the difference between == and .equals()?
Answer: == compares object references, .equals() compares object content
(overridden in classes like String).
16. What are constructors in Java?
Answer: Constructors are special methods used to initialize objects. They have the
same name as the class and no return type.
17. What is method overloading?
Answer: Defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameters in
the same class.
18. What is method overriding?
Answer: A subclass provides a specific implementation of a method already defined
in its superclass.
19. What is the final keyword in Java?
Answer: It is used to declare constants, prevent method overriding, or prevent
inheritance of classes.
20. What are static methods?
Answer: Static methods belong to the class rather than an instance. They are called
using the class name.
21. What is the difference between Array and ArrayList?
Answer:
Array: Fixed size, can hold primitives and objects.
ArrayList: Resizable, only holds objects, part of the java.util package.
22. What is exception handling in Java?
Answer: Mechanism to handle runtime errors using try, catch, finally, and
throw/throws.
23. What is the difference between checked and unchecked exceptions?
Answer:
Checked: Must be handled (e.g., IOException).
Unchecked: Runtime exceptions (e.g., NullPointerException).
24. What is multithreading in Java?
Answer: Multithreading is the process of executing multiple threads simultaneously
for better CPU utilization.
25. What are access modifiers in Java?
Answer:
private – Accessible within the class only
default – Accessible within the same package
protected – Accessible in same package and subclasses
public – Accessible from everywhere
