Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: 01-CPE6-1S-2022-2023

College : College of Engineering

Campus : Bambang Campus

DEGREE PROGRAM BSCPE COURSE NO. CPE6

SPECIALIZATION Information Sys. COURSE TITLE Database Management System
YEAR LEVEL 2nd Year TIME FRAME 3hrs WK NO. 1 IM NO. 01

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

Introduction to Database Design
II. LESSON TITLE
1. Brief History of Database Management System
2. What is a Database?
3. Advantages of Database Approach
4. Tools used in Databases
III. LESSON OVERVIEW
This lesson covers the introduction to Database Management Systems and tools needed in the
course.
IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Understand the history of DBMS
2. Define databases and advantages of using DBMS
3. Discuss the different tools to be used in this course
V. LESSON CONTENT
1. Brief history of DBMS

Information can be an asset only if it is accurate and available when needed, which can occur
only if an organization purposely organizes and manages its data. Database has become the
standard technique for structuring and managing data. Data and information are used to represent
and track the status of business entities such as customers, products, orders, and employees.

Example:
a. To determine a particular sofa is in stock, a salesperson in a furniture store would display an
inventory record for the item rather than physically searching for it in the warehouse.
b. To measure performance and report on the financial health of the enterprise
c. To determine whether the store was profitable during each period and to determine patterns
and trends.
d. To support managerial decision – making.

The history of database research over the past 30 years is one of exceptional productivity that
has led to the database system becoming the most important development in the field of software
engineering. The database is now the underlying framework of the information system and has
fundamentally changed the way many organizations operate.

In particular, the developments in this technology over the last few years have produced systems
that are more powerful and more intuitive to use. This development has resulted in increasing
availability of database systems for wider variety of users.

Databases (or DBs) have played a very important part in the recent evolution of computers. The
first computer programs were developed in the early 1950s, and focused almost completely on coding
languages and algorithms. In 1960, Charles W. Bachman designed the Integrated Database System,
the “first” DBMS. Since then and up to this date DBMS continued to evolve.

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 1 of 5

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of
Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may
be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution”
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: 01-CPE6-1S-2022-2023

Figure 1: The evolution of DBMS

2. What is a Database?
Data is a collection of a distinct unit of information (raw facts). This “data” is used in a variety of
forms of text, numbers, media and many more. Data is basically information that can be translated
into a particular form for efficient movement and processing.

Information is data that have been processed and presented in a form suitable for human
interpretation, often with the purpose of repeating trends or patterns (processed data).

Data Process Information

Database is an organized collection of structured data to make it easily accessible, manageable

and update. In simple words, a database in a place where the data is stored.

Database Management is a discipline that focuses on the proper generation, storage and
retrieval of data

A Database Management System allows a person to organize, store, and retrieve data from a
computer. It is a way of communicating with a computer’s “stored memory.” A database is usually
controlled by a database management system (DBMS).

Data within the most common types of databases in operation today is typically modeled in rows
and columns in a series of tables to make processing and data querying efficient. The data can then
be easily accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled, and organized. Most databases use
structured query language (SQL) for writing and querying data.
Types of Database Management Systems
Can be classified according to the number of users, the database site locations and the
expected type and extent of use.

a. Single user DBMS – supports only one user at a time.

a. Desktop Database – single – user database runs on a personal computer.
b. Multiuser DBMS – supports multiple users at the same time.
a. Workgroup database – supports fewer than 50 number of users.
b. Enterprise database – supports more than 50 users across many departments
c. Centralized DBMS – supports a database distributed across several different sites
d. Distributed DBMS – supports a database distributed across several different sites
e. Transactional or production DBMS – primarily designed to support “immediate response
transactions or critical day-to-day operations.
a. Emphasizes data integrity, data consistency, and operational speed
f. Decision Support System (DSS) DBMS – focuses primarily on the production of
information required to make tactical or strategic decisions at middle and high
management levels.
a. Recognize the historical and aggregated data.

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 2 of 5

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of
Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may
be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution”
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: 01-CPE6-1S-2022-2023

5 major parts of database system

a. Hardware – refers to all the systems physical devices
b. Software – refers to the collection of programs used by the computers within the
database system.
i. OS – manages all hardware components
ii. DBMS software – manages the database within the database system
i. Examples: Microsoft access, SQL server, Oracle Corp Oracle, IMB’s
DB2
iii. Application programs and utility software – used to access and manipulate the
data in the DBMS and to manage the computer environment in which data
access and manipulation take place.
c. People – includes all users of the database system
i. Systems Administrator – oversee the database system’s general operations
ii. Database administrators (DBA) – manages the DBM’s use and ensure that the
database is functioning properly.
iii. Database Designers – design the database structure (database architects)
iv. Systems analyst and programmers – design and implement the application
programs.
v. End users – people who use the application programs to run the organizations
daily operation.
d. Procedures – are the instructions and rules that govern the design and use of the
database system.
e. Data – covers the collection of facts stored in the database
DBMS functions:
a. Data dictionary management – DBMS requires that definitions of the data elements
and their relationships (metadata) be stored in a data dictionary.
b. Data storage management – DBMS creates the complex structures required for data
storage, thus relieving us from the difficult task of defining and programming the
physical data characteristics.
c. Data transformation and presentation – DBMS transforms entered data to conform to
the data structures that are required to store the data
d. Security management – creates a security system that enforces user security and
data privacy within the database.
e. Multiuser access control
f. Backup and recovery management
g. Data integrity management – promotes and enforces integrity rules to eliminate data
integrity problems thus minimizing data redundancy and maximizing data
consistency,
h. Database access language and application programming interfaces
i. Query language – is a nonprocedural language that lets the user specify what
must be done without having to specify how it is to be done.
2 components of Query Language
 Data definition language (DDL) – defines the structures in which the data are
housed.
 Data manipulation language (DML) – allows end – users to extract the data
from the database.
i. Database communication interfaces – allows the database to accept end user
requests within a computer network environment.

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 3 of 5

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of
Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may
be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution”
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: 01-CPE6-1S-2022-2023
3. Advantages of Database Approach

Why database design is important?

A well-designed database facilitates data management and becomes a valuable information

generator. A poorly designed database is likely to become a breeding ground for redundant data
(unnecessarily duplicated data) resulting to difficult to trace information errors.

Advantages of DBMS

Data are so important; we must have a good way of managing such data
a. Helps make data management much efficient and effective
b. Contains a query language that makes it possible to produce quick answers to adhoc queries.
c. Helps create an environment in which end-users have better access to more and better-
managed data.
d. Wider access to well-managed data promotes an integrated view of the organization’s
operations.
e. Better data makes it possible to generate better information on which better decisions are
based.
4. Tools used in DBMS

Database management tools provides an interface for the administration of databases. The
tools also allow SQL queries and generate reports.

List of most popular database management systems.

a. SolarWinds Database Performance Analyzer

b. Oracle RDBMS
c. IBM DB2
d. Altibase
e. Microsoft SQL Server
f. SAP Sybase ASE
g. Teradata
h. ADABAS
i. MySQL
j. FileMaker

VI. EVALUATION (Note: Not to be included in the student’s copy of the IM)

VII. LEARNING ACTIVITIES (Deadline: To be posted)

1. Think of a process in our University that needs to be replaced by an Information System (Database).
Discuss why you think that this process needs to be improved using DBMS tools.

VIII. ASSIGNMENT (Deadline: To be posted)

1. Research on the advantages of using DBMS aside from those that were already mentioned in the
discussions.

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 4 of 5

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of
Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may
be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution”
 Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: 01-CPE6-1S-2022-2023
IX. REFERENCES
Books
Begg, C., Connolly, T. (2015). Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and
Management. Pearson Education Limited.
Churcher, C. (2014). Beginning Database Design: From Novice to Professional., Apress Publishing.
Coronel, M., Coronel R. (2011). Database Systems: Design Implementation and Management, Cengage
Learning.
Online References:
http://graphdatamodeling.com/GraphDataModeling/History.html
https://www.w3schools.in/dbms/
https://www.javatpoint.com/dbms-tutorial

NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220) Page 5 of 5

“In accordance with Section 185, Fair Use of Copyrighted Work of
Republic Act 8293, the copyrighted works included in this material may
be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial distribution”