Computer Vision & Image Processing – Exam-Oriented
Answers
Unit I – Introduction to Computer Vision
Small Questions (2–3 Marks, 4 Points Each)
Q: Define computer vision.
• Computer Vision is a field of computer science and AI.
• It enables machines to interpret and analyze visual data (images/videos).
• It mimics human vision to identify objects, patterns, and actions.
• Applications include face recognition, autonomous driving, and surveillance.
Q: State two goals of computer vision.
• To extract meaningful information from visual inputs.
• To automate tasks that require human-like visual understanding.
• Enable decision-making based on images and videos.
• Improve accuracy and efficiency in real-world applications.
Q: Differentiate between image processing and computer vision.
• Image processing focuses on enhancing or modifying images.
• Computer vision extracts information and interprets images.
• Image processing is a subset, computer vision is a broader field.
• Example: Noise removal (image processing) vs. Object detection (CV).
Q: What is the relationship between computer vision and AI?
• Computer Vision is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence.
• AI techniques like Machine Learning enhance CV capabilities.
• CV uses AI to recognize objects, scenes, and patterns.
• Example: Deep learning models classify images accurately.
Q: Give two applications of computer vision.
• Face recognition for security systems.
• Self-driving cars for obstacle and traffic detection.
• Medical imaging diagnostics (X-rays, MRIs).
• Retail inventory monitoring using cameras.
Q: What is biological vision?
• Natural vision system of living beings.
• Uses eyes and brain for image perception and understanding.
• Highly adaptive to environmental changes.
• Inspires algorithms in computer vision.
Q: What is computational vision?
• Machine-based visual interpretation using algorithms.
• Implements principles of biological vision computationally.
• Uses cameras and sensors to capture visual data.
• Processes images for decision-making.
Q: Write a short note on image formation.
• Process of capturing a 3D scene into a 2D image.
• Involves optics, light reflection, and sensors.
• Uses camera models like pinhole or lens models.
• Essential for understanding image geometry.
Q: What are camera models?
• Mathematical representation of how cameras capture scenes.
• Pinhole model: ideal projection without distortion.
• Lens model: accounts for real-world distortions.
• Used in calibration and 3D reconstruction.
Q: Mention two differences between biological and computational vision.
• Biological vision is adaptive, computational is algorithmic.
• Biological uses neural processing; computational uses code.
• Humans infer context; machines rely on training data.
• Computational vision lacks human-level generalization.
Large Questions (6–10 Marks, 10–13 Points Each)
Q: Explain the definition, goals, and importance of computer vision with examples.
• Computer vision enables computers to interpret visual data.
• Goal: Automate tasks requiring visual understanding.
• Goal: Enhance decision-making in real-time scenarios.
• Improves accuracy in industrial applications.
• Reduces human effort and error.
• Used in medical diagnostics to detect diseases early.
• Supports autonomous vehicles in navigation.
• Boosts security via surveillance systems.
• Key in robotics for object manipulation.
• Vital for augmented and virtual reality applications.
• Example: Google Lens identifies objects from images.
• Example: Tesla’s autopilot detects lanes and obstacles.
• Overall importance: Connects digital systems to real world visually.
Q: Compare image processing vs computer vision with suitable examples.
• Image processing modifies or enhances images.
• Computer vision interprets and understands images.
• Image processing examples: Noise removal, sharpening.
• CV examples: Face detection, scene recognition.
• Image processing is a low-level operation.
• CV involves high-level reasoning from images.
• Image processing uses mathematical transforms.
• CV uses machine learning and pattern recognition.
• Image processing output: improved image.
• CV output: actionable information from image.
• Example: MRI enhancement (IP) vs. Tumor detection (CV).
• Image processing feeds data to computer vision.
• Both are interdependent in applications.
Scenario-Based Questions
Q: A self-driving car must detect pedestrians and traffic signals. Explain how computer vision helps in this scenario.
• Uses cameras to capture real-time surroundings.
• Applies object detection to identify pedestrians.
• Recognizes traffic lights using color and shape analysis.
• Supports safe navigation and collision avoidance.
Q: You are developing a medical diagnosis system using X-ray images. How will you apply computer vision
techniques?
• Use preprocessing to enhance image clarity.
• Apply segmentation to isolate regions of interest.
• Use trained AI models to detect anomalies.
• Provide accurate diagnostic reports automatically.
