UNIT – I
1. Cloud computing primarily delivers resources through:
~ Local servers
=Internet
~ Floppy disks
~ CD-ROMs
}
2. The term “cloud” in cloud computing refers to:
~ Water vapor
~ Network of satellites
= A collection of distributed servers
~ Wireless technology
3. Which of the following is a major benefit of cloud computing?
~ Manual resource allocation
= Scalability and elasticity
~ Limited storage
~ Reduced availability
4. Which of the following best represents cloud computing?
~ Client-server model
= Utility model of computing
~ Mainframe computing
~ Distributed lock management
5. Which of the following companies first popularized modern cloud services?
~ Google
~ Microsoft
= Amazon
~ IBM
6. Cloud computing can be defined as?
~ Running applications on a single PC
~ Sharing software over LAN
= On-demand network access to shared resources
~ Installing software locally
7. A cloud is different from traditional IT infrastructure because it provides:
~Fixed capacity
= On-demand services
~ Manual scalability
~ Single tenant only
}
8. Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of the cloud?
~Broad network access
~ Resource pooling
~ Measured service
= Manual provisioning
9. NIST defines cloud computing with how many essential characteristics?
{
~3
=5
~7
~ 10
10. Which one is not an essential cloud service model?
~IaaS
~ PaaS
~ SaaS
= TaaS
}
11. The cloud reference model typically has how many layers?
~2
=3
~4
~7
12. In the reference model, the lowest layer is:
~SaaS
~PaaS
= IaaS
~ None
13. Which layer provides end-user applications in the cloud?
~IaaS
= SaaS
~ PaaS
~ Virtualization
14. Developers typically work at which cloud layer?
~SaaS
= PaaS
~ IaaS
~ Middleware
15. Virtual machines are part of which layer?
{
~SaaS
~ PaaS
= IaaS
~ Middleware
16. Which service model provides virtualized hardware resources?
=IaaS
~SaaS
~ PaaS
~ DBaaS
17. Gmail is an example of:
~IaaS
= SaaS
~ PaaS
~ NaaS
18. Which service model helps developers build applications without worrying about
infrastructure?
~IaaS
~ SaaS
= PaaS
~ XaaS
19. Amazon EC2 falls under:
=IaaS
~ SaaS
~ PaaS
~ DaaS
20. Microsoft Azure App Service is an example of:
~ SaaS
~ IaaS
=PaaS
~ Storage as a Service
21. A public cloud is owned and operated by:
~A single organization
~ Government only
= Third-party providers
~ Community members
}
22. A private cloud is usually designed for:
~General public
~ Multiple organizations
= A single organization
~ Universities
}
23. Hybrid cloud combines:
~Private & Community clouds
= Public & Private clouds
~ Only Public clouds
~ LAN & WAN
24. Community cloud is shared by:
~Public users
~ Government only
= Specific organizations with common goals
~ General businesses
25. Which deployment model provides the highest level of control?
~Public
= Private
~ Hybrid
~ Community
26. Utility computing means:
~Fixed pricing
= Pay-per-use model
~ One-time payment
~ Prepaid subscription
27. Utility computing is similar to:
~Owning hardware
= Electricity billing system
~ Mainframe model
~ VPN usage
28. The main benefit of utility computing is:
~Inflexible cost
~ Reduced scalability
= Cost efficiency
~ Manual allocation
}
29. Which company first introduced utility computing as a business model?
~ Microsoft
~ Amazon
~ Google
= IBM
30. Utility computing works best with:
{
~Static workloads
= Variable workloads
~ No workloads
~ Small networks only
31. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of cloud computing?
~Cost savings
~ High availability
~ Infinite scalability
= Guaranteed zero downtime
}
32. Resource pooling in cloud means:
~Dedicated servers for each customer
= Shared resources among multiple users
~ Manual allocation of storage
~ Hardware-only resources
33. Rapid elasticity means:
=Services scale up and down automatically
~ Services are always fixed
~ Manual provisioning required
~ Limited storage
34. Measured service in cloud computing refers to:
=Usage-based billing
~ Flat subscription pricing
~ Free resources
~ Unlimited usage
35. Which of the following is a technical benefit of cloud computing?
~Reduced CapEx
~Improved collaboration
= Faster provisioning
~ Business agility
36. AWS was launched in:
{
~2000
~ 2004
= 2006
~ 2008
37. Which AWS service provides object storage?
~EC2
~ Lambda
= S3
~ DynamoDB
38. Microsoft Azure was formerly called:
~Windows Server Cloud
= Windows Azure
~ MS Cloud Services
~ .NET Cloud
39. Google App Engine is primarily a:
{
~IaaS
~ SaaS
= PaaS
~ Storage service
40. Which AWS service is serverless computing?
~S3
= Lambda
~ EC2
~ RDS
41. Azure Blob Storage corresponds to which AWS service?
~ Lambda
= S3
~ RDS
~ DynamoDB
42. Google BigQuery is a:
=SaaS analytics service
~ IaaS compute service
~ Virtualization tool
~ Database for NoSQL only
}
43. Which AWS database service supports NoSQL?
~RDS
= DynamoDB
~ Aurora
~ Redshift
44. Azure Functions is an example of:
{
~IaaS
~ SaaS
= PaaS / FaaS (serverless)
~ Storage service
45. Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) is a:
~SaaS
= Container orchestration service
~ IaaS networking service
~ Database service
46. Which AWS service is used for data warehousing?
~S3
= Redshift
~ DynamoDB
~ Lambda
47. Microsoft Azure’s database equivalent to AWS RDS is:
=Azure SQL Database
~ Blob Storage
~ Cosmos DB
~ Data Lake
48. AWS EC2 provides:
= Virtual servers
~ Storage only
~ Networking services only
~ SaaS apps
49. Google Cloud Storage is equivalent to:
= AWS S3
~ Azure SQL DB
~ AWS Lambda
~ Azure Functions
50. Which of the following providers offer free tier services?
{
~AWS
~ Microsoft Azure
~ Google Cloud
= All of the above
UNIT - II
51. “Ubiquitous Internet” refers to:
~ Limited internet access
= Internet accessible everywhere, anytime
~ Private networks only
~ Wireless-free communication
52. Which of the following technologies enables ubiquitous internet?
~ Wi-Fi
~ 5G
~ Satellite Internet
= All of the above
53. Ubiquitous internet is also called:
~ Mobile computing
= Pervasive internet
~ Utility computing
~ Grid computing
54. A key feature of ubiquitous internet is:
~ Location-dependent access
= Always-on connectivity
~ Limited scalability
~ Manual provisioning
55. Which application best demonstrates ubiquitous internet?
= Cloud services accessible globally
~ LAN-only file sharing
~ Mainframe computing
~ Desktop-only applications
56. Parallel computing primarily focuses on:
= Performing multiple computations simultaneously
~ One task at a time
~ Sequential execution
~ Centralized processing
57. Distributed computing is defined as:
{
~ Single computer handling all tasks
= Multiple computers working together over a network
~ Sequential programming
~ Offline resource sharing
58. A key difference between parallel and distributed computing is:
{
= Parallel uses multiple processors; distributed uses multiple systems
~ Parallel is slower than distributed
~ Distributed cannot scale
~ Parallel does not use synchronization
59. Which environment is most suitable for parallel computing?
= High-performance computing (HPC) clusters
~ LAN file sharing
~ Standalone desktops
~ Intranet servers
60. Distributed computing relies on:
~ Shared memory
= Message passing between nodes
~ Sequential execution
~ Single-threaded processing
}
61. Cloud computing is more related to:
= Distributed computing
~ Parallel computing only
~ SISD architectures
~ Sequential systems
62. The smallest unit of execution in parallel computing is:
{
= Thread
~ Server
~ Node
~ Data block
63. Speedup in parallel computing is measured by:
~ Execution cost
= Ratio of sequential to parallel execution time
~ Amount of hardware used
~ Network bandwidth
64. Which law provides theoretical speedup limits for parallel systems?
{
~ Moore’s Law
= Amdahl’s Law
~ Newton’s Law
~ Little’s Law
65. Load balancing in parallel computing ensures:
= Equal distribution of tasks among processors
~ Sequential processing
~ High latency
~ Overloading of one processor
}
66. Which is NOT an element of parallel computing?
~ Synchronization
~ Concurrency
~ Data sharing
= Manual sequential execution
67. SISD architecture represents:
= Single Instruction, Single Data
~ Single Instruction, Multiple Data
~ Multiple Instruction, Single Data
~ Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data
68. SIMD is widely used in:
= Graphics processing (GPUs)
~ Word processing
~ File sharing
~ Distributed databases
69. MISD means:
= Multiple Instruction, Single Data
~ Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data
~ Single Instruction, Multiple Data
~ Single Instruction, Single Data
70. MISD architecture is:
~ Commonly used in GPUs
= Rare and theoretical
~ Basis of cloud computing
~ Used in web servers
71. MIMD architecture is used in:
= Multi-core processors
~ Sequential systems
~ Cloud storage only
~ MISD systems
72. Flynn’s taxonomy classifies:
{
= Parallel computer architectures
~ Distributed networks
~ Internet layers
~ Operating systems
73. SISD is equivalent to:
{
= Traditional uniprocessor systems
~ GPU systems
~ Multiprocessor clusters
~ Cloud VMs
74. SIMD processes:
~ Different instructions on same data
= Same instruction on multiple data streams
~ Multiple instructions on multiple data
~ Single instruction on single data
75. MIMD supports:
= Different instructions on different data
~ Same instructions only
~ Sequential execution
~ No concurrency
}
76. Which architecture dominates modern HPC systems?
~ SISD
~ SIMD
= MIMD
~ MISD
77. Distributed computing systems are:
{
= Loosely coupled systems
~ Tightly coupled shared-memory systems
~ Standalone computers
~ Non-networked systems
78. Transparency in distributed computing refers to:
= Hiding complexity from users
~ Making systems invisible
~ Hardware visibility
~ Manual control
79. Fault tolerance in distributed systems is achieved via:
{
~ Replication
~ Redundancy
~ Check pointing
= All of the above
80. Distributed systems improve:
~ Scalability
~ Reliability
~ Resource sharing
= All of the above
}
81. Which is NOT a goal of distributed computing?
~Transparency
~ Scalability
= Centralization
~ Fault tolerance
82. IPC enables:
=Communication between processes
~ Execution without data exchange
~ Only hardware interaction
~ Sequential-only tasks
}
83. Which of these is NOT an IPC mechanism?
~Message passing
~ Shared memory
~ Pipes
= BIOS firmware
84. Shared memory IPC requires:
=Synchronization mechanisms
~ Message queues
~ Separate servers
~ Distributed clusters
85. Message passing IPC involves:
=Sending and receiving messages between processes
~ Direct shared memory access
~ Hardware interrupts
~ None of the above
86. Which IPC mechanism is widely used in distributed systems?
= Message passing
~ Shared memory
~ Pipes
~ Local variables
}
87. RPC allows:
=Executing procedures on remote systems as if local
~ Only local function calls
~ No communication between systems
~ Manual hardware-level execution
88. RPC is mainly built on top of:
=Message passing
~ Shared memory
~ BIOS
~ Threads
89. Which of these is NOT an RPC characteristic?
~Transparency
~ Location independence
= Sequential-only execution
~ Client-server interaction
90. Stub generation in RPC is used for:
=Hiding communication details
~ Error logging
~ Hardware configuration
~ Memory allocation
}
91. SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) is based on:
=Modular services accessible over a network
~ Monolithic design
~ Hardware coupling
~ Manual workflows
92. A key principle of SOA is:
{
=Loose coupling
~ Tight coupling
~ Hardware dependency
~ Single monolithic service
93. Web services are usually based on:
= HTTP, XML, SOAP, REST
~ BIOS calls
~ File transfer only
~ Local APIs only
94. REST ful web services typically use:
{
= HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
~ Shared memory
~ RPC only
~ BIOS
95. SOAP web services exchange data using:
=XML messages
~ JSON only
~ Binary files only
~ Shared memory
96. WSDL (Web Services Description Language) is used to:
=Describe web services and their operations
~ Manage databases
~ Allocate memory
~ Encrypt data
UNIT - III
97. Virtualization is the process of:
= Creating virtual versions of resources
~ Installing physical servers
~ Eliminating software use
~ Direct BIOS programming
}
98. Which type of virtualization allows multiple OS on one machine?
=Hardware virtualization
~ Network virtualization
~ Storage virtualization
~ Application virtualization
99. A hypervisor is used in:
= Virtualization
~ Sequential processing
~Web services
~ Inter-process communication
100. VMware and VirtualBox are examples of:
= Hypervisors
~ Browsers
~ Web servers
~ Compilers
101. Which of these is NOT a type of virtualization?
~Network
~ Hardware
~ Storage
= Compilation
102. Virtualization helps in:
=Resource optimization and isolation
~ Increasing hardware dependency
~ Sequential-only processing
~Manual scaling
103. Virtualization allows:
= Multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine
~ Only one OS per machine
~ Direct hardware-only execution
~ Elimination of software use
104. A key characteristic of virtualization is:
= Resource abstraction and isolation
~ Hardware dependency
~ Lack of scalability
~ No security controls
105. Which virtualization feature ensures separation between virtual machines?
{
= Isolation
~ Concurrency
~ Pipelining
~ Data replication
106. Virtualization improves:
=Resource utilization
~ Software piracy
~ Network latency
~ Code compilation
107. Which of these is NOT a virtualization characteristic?
~Portability
~ Fault isolation
~ Hardware independence
= Permanent hardware coupling
108. Virtualization environments commonly use:
=Hypervisors
~Web browsers
~ Database engines
~ Firewalls only
109. Full virtualization provides:
{
=Complete simulation of hardware
~ Partial simulation only
~ Only application-level isolation
~ No OS independence
110. Para-virtualization differs from full virtualization because:
{
=Guest OS is aware of virtualization
~ Guest OS runs without modification
~ Hardware is not virtualized
~ No hypervisor required
111. Hardware-assisted virtualization is enabled by:
=Intel VT-x and AMD-V
~ Java Virtual Machine
~ Docker containers
~ Python interpreters
112. Operating system-level virtualization is mainly used in:
{
=Containers
~ Full virtualization
~ Para-virtualization
~ Grid computing
}
113. Which type of virtualization uses binary translation?
=Full virtualization
~ Para-virtualization
~ Containerization
~ Application virtualization
}
114. OS-level virtualization provides:
=Lightweight isolated environments called containers
~ Complete hardware emulation
~ Manual partitioning only
~ No scalability
115. Virtualization taxonomy does NOT include:
~Full virtualization
~ Para-virtualization
~ OS-level virtualization
= BIOS-level virtualization
116. A key benefit of virtualization in cloud computing is:
{
=Better resource utilization
~ Limited scalability
~ Higher CapEx costs
~ Hardware dependency
117. Virtualization enables cloud providers to:
=Offer Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
~ Eliminate networks
~ Provide sequential-only systems
~ Remove APIs
}
118. A disadvantage of virtualization is:
=Performance overhead
~ Scalability
~ Isolation
~ Portability
119. Which of the following is a limitation of virtualization compared to containers?
=Higher memory footprint
~ Stronger isolation
~ Easier migration
~ Lightweight execution
}
120. Cloud virtualization supports:
{
=On-demand provisioning of resources
~ Manual-only allocation
~ Limited elasticity
~ Static hardware
121. Which is a disadvantage of virtualization in cloud computing?
= Security risks due to hypervisor attacks
~ Elastic scalability
~ Resource optimization
~ Cost savings
122. Xen is an example of:
=Open-source hypervisor
~ Closed-source hypervisor
~ Container platform
~ Web server
123. VMware Workstation is mainly used for:
=Desktop virtualization
~ Web services
~ Distributed computing only
~ Container orchestration
124. VMware ESXi is classified as:
{
= Type-1 hypervisor
~ Type-2 hypervisor
~ Container runtime
~ Operating system
125. Xen hypervisor supports:
{
= Para-virtualization and hardware-assisted virtualization
~ Only OS-level virtualization
~ Only full emulation
~ None of the above
