Python Programming
Category Topics Details/Exam Key Functions/Methods
ples
1. Basics Syntax, Keywords, type(), id(), input(), print()
Variables, Identifiers,
Data Types, Numbers,
Comments Strings,
Boolean
2. Operators Arithmetic, +, -, *, /, %, bin(), hex(), oct()
Relational, ==, !=, and,
Logical, or, not, in,
Bitwise,
is
Assignment,
Identity,
Membership
3. Control Conditional Iterating over range(), enumerate(), zip()
Flow Statements strings, lists,
(if-else), dictionaries;
Loops (for, using loop
while), controls
effectively
Nested Loops,
Loop Control
(break,
continue,
pass)
4. Data Lists, Tuples, Creation, append(), pop(), update(),
Structures Dictionaries, Access, keys(), values(), set()
Sets Manipulation,
Iteration,
Comprehensio
ns
5. String String String upper(), lower(), split(),
Operations Methods, Immutability, join(), replace(), strip(), find()
Slicing, Case
Formatting Conversion,
Splitting,
Joining, String
Literals
(f"string",
.format(), %
formatting)
6. Functions Function DRY Principle, def, lambda, return, map(),
Declaration, Reusability, filter(), reduce()
Arguments Scope of
(*args, Variables
**kwargs), (Local, Global,
Default Nonlocal),
Arguments, Decorators
Lambda
Functions,
Recursion
7. File Reading and Working with open(), read(), write(),
Handling Writing Files, text and binary seek(), close()
File Modes (r, files; Handling
w, a, rb, wb), exceptions
Context during file
Managers operations
8. Modules Built-in Reusing code import, from, as, dir(), help()
and Modules (e.g., from external
Packages math, modules;
random, os, Understanding
sys), relative and
absolute
Importing
imports
Modules,
Creating
Packages
9. Exception try, except, Handling raise, assert
Handling else, runtime errors;
finally, Raising
user-defined
Custom
exceptions
Exceptions
10. Classes, Using class __init__, super(),
Object-Orien Objects, to define @classmethod, @staticmethod,
ted Constructors, objects; @property
Programmin Inheritance, Overriding
g Polymorphism methods;
, Accessing
Encapsulation private
, Abstraction members
11. Iterators Iterators Lazily next(), iter(), yield
and (__iter__, evaluated
Generators __next__), sequences,
Generator Memory
Functions Efficiency,
(yield), Using yield
Generator in functions
Expressions
12. Function Modifying @staticmethod, @classmethod,
Decorators Decorators, behavior of custom decorators
Class functions/class
Decorators es using
wrappers
13. Python NumPy, Data numpy.array(),
Libraries Pandas, manipulation, pandas.DataFrame(),
Matplotlib, analysis, matplotlib.pyplot.plot(),
Scikit-learn visualization,
sklearn.model_selection.train_t
machine
learning est_split()
14. Data List Creating [x for x in iterable], {k: v for
Processing Comprehensi concise and k, v in iterable}, {x for x in
ons, readable iterable}
Dictionary collections
Comprehensi
ons, Set
Comprehensi
ons
15. Threads, Using threading.Thread,
Multi-threadi Processes, threading multiprocessing.Process
ng and Global and
Multiprocess Interpreter multiproces
ing Lock (GIL), sing libraries
Parallelism
to achieve
concurrency
and parallelism
16. Sockets, Working with socket.socket,
Networking HTTP server-client requests.get(), requests.post()
Requests architecture;
(requests Sending GET
module) and POST
requests
17. Python Data Libraries: numpy, pandas, sklearn,
for ML/AI Preprocessing NumPy, tensorflow, torch
, Feature Pandas,
Engineering, Scikit-learn,
Model TensorFlow,
Training, PyTorch
Evaluation
18. Debugging Finding and assert, unittest.TestCase,
Debugging Tools (pdb, fixing bugs; pytest
and Testing logging), Writing test
Unit Testing cases for code
(unittest,
pytest)
19. Context Efficient with, __enter__, __exit__,
Advanced Managers, resource type(), getattr(), setattr()
Topics Metaclasses, management;
Dynamic Understanding
Attribute advanced
Access OOP concepts
