UNIT -3 BASICS OF AI AND ETHICAL FRAMEWORK OF AI

Q1. What is Intelligence? Name the nine types of intelligence?

Ans. Intelligence is your brain’s ability to learn new things, think clearly, solve
problems, understand ideas, and adapt to different situations.

There are Nine types of intelligence are:-

 Linguistic (Word Smart)
Good with words—reading, writing, talking. Example: authors, journalists.
 Logical-Mathematical (Number Smart)
Good with logic, solving math problems, patterns. Example: scientists, engineers.
 Spatial (Picture Smart)
Good at imagining and visualizing shapes or maps. Example: artists, architects, pilots.
 Musical (Music Smart)
Sensitive to sounds, rhythms, and melodies. Example: singers, composers.
 Body-Kinesthetic (Body Smart)
Great at moving the body—like in sports or dance. Example: athletes, dancers.
 Interpersonal (People Smart)
Good at understanding others’ feelings and working with them. Example: teachers,
counselors.
 Intrapersonal (Self Smart)
Good at knowing yourself—your feelings, goals, and motivations. Example: writers,
philosophers.
 Naturalist (Nature Smart)
Great at noticing and understanding plants, animals, and nature. Example: gardeners,
biologists.
 Existential (Big-Question Smart)
Interested in life’s big questions like “Why are we here?” Example: philosophers and spiritual
thinkers.

Q2. What is Artificial Intelligence?

Ans. Artificial Intelligence means teaching computers or robots to learn, think,
and solve problems—just like humans do. This includes things like understanding
speech, recognizing pictures, making decisions, or translating languages. While it
doesn’t feel or think like a human, AI mimics certain parts of human thinking using
data and smart rules.
Q3. Explain briefly application of AI?
1. Voice Assistants (Talking Helpers):- Tools like Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant
understand what you say and help you set reminders, play music, check the
weather, and more. They learn from your voice commands to get better over time
2. Video & Music Recommendations:- Services like Netflix, YouTube, and Spotify
suggest movies, shows, or songs you’ll like based on what you’ve watched or
listened to before. They’re powered by AI analyzing patterns in your behavior.
3. Smart Navigation (Map Apps):- Apps like Google Maps or Waze use AI to find
fast routes, avoid traffic, and predict arrival times by analyzing real-time road
conditions and data from other drivers.
4. Chatbots (Helper Bots):- Websites, schools, and stores use AI chatbots to
answer questions, provide information, and solve problems anytime—even at
2 a.m.! They understand language and learn from past interactions.
5. Educational Tools (Smart Tutors):- AI helps create personalized learning. Apps
like Duolingo or tutoring tools adapt lessons to fit each student’s pace—giving
extra practice where needed or moving faster on easy topics.
6. Automated Grading:- Teachers can use AI to grade quizzes or essays faster. The
system gives instant feedback so students can learn as they go—saving time for
teachers too..
7. Self-Driving Cars (Autonomous Vehicles):- AI-powered cars use cameras and
sensors to understand the road, detect signs and obstacles, and navigate traffic—
helping to drive themselves safely.
8. Healthcare Help:- AI tools help doctors analyze X-rays and scans, spot diseases,
and suggest treatments more accurately and quickly than before.
9. Fraud Detection in Banking:- AI monitors banking activity to spot suspicious or
unusual transactions quickly—helping prevent scams and fraud in real time.

Q4. What is Machine learning?

Ans. Machine Learning is a part of Artificial Intelligence that allows computers to
learn from examples and data, instead of being told exactly what to do. The more
data the computer sees, the better it gets at recognizing patterns and making
decisions on its own. It’s like teaching a computer by showing it many examples
rather than writing strict instructions.
Q5. What is deep learning?
Ans. Deep learning involves training computers to recognize patterns and make
decisions by processing data through multiple layers of interconnected nodes,
known as neurons. These layers form a neural network, which is inspired by the
human brain's structure. The term "deep" refers to the use of many layers in
these networks.

Q6. What is Generative AI?

Ans. Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence that creates new content—
such as text, images, audio, or video—based on patterns it learns from existing
data. Unlike traditional AI that recognizes patterns or makes decisions, generative
AI produces original outputs, making it a powerful tool for content creation, note-
taking, and more.

Q7. Explain Domains of AI?

1. Data Science:-AI aids in analyzing large datasets to find trends and make
predictions. It's used in business intelligence, marketing analytics, and
customer segmentation.
2. Natural Language Processing(NLP):-NLP focuses on the interaction
between computers and human language. It enables machines to
understand, interpret, and generate human language, facilitating
applications like chatbots, language translation, and sentiment analysis.
3. Computer Vision :-
Computer Vision enables machines to interpret and make decisions
based on visual data, such as images and videos. Applications include
facial recognition, object detection, and medical image analysis.

Q8. What is AI Ethics?

Ans. AI Ethics refers to the moral principles and guidelines that govern the
development, deployment, and use of artificial intelligence technologies. As AI
systems increasingly influence various aspects of society, ensuring they operate
ethically is crucial to prevent harm and promote fairness.
Q9. What is AI Bias?
Ans. AI bias refers to systematic and unfair prejudices within artificial intelligence
systems—biases that lead to discriminatory or inaccurate outcomes. These often
mirror and amplify societal inequalities present in training data or arise from
flawed design choices.

Q10. What is AI access?

Ans. The term “AI access” generally refers to the ability of individuals,
communities, or countries to use, benefit from, and participate in AI
technologies. This concept encompasses both technical availability and
socio-ethical inclusion.

Q11. What are ethical issues around AI?

Ans. 1. Bias & Fairness:- AI systems can inherit and amplify societal biases
from their training data, leading to unfair treatment in areas like hiring,
justice, finance, and healthcare.
2. Transparency & Explainability:- Complex AI models, especially deep
neural networks, often act as "black boxes," making their decision-making
opaque.
3. Privacy & Data Security:- AI relies on massive datasets—including
sensitive personal data—to train and operate. This fuel for AI poses privacy
risks and potential misuse or leaks.
4. Accountability & Liability:- When AI systems make wrong or harmful
decisions, it's often unclear who’s responsible—developers, deployers, or the
system itself.
5. Job Displacement & Economic Inequality:- AI-driven automation
threatens jobs across many sectors, from creative to clerical roles, raising
concerns about equity and workforce transition.
6. Autonomy & Safety:- As AI becomes more advanced, systems may develop
goals misaligned with human values—leading to unintended or harmful
behaviors. Some models may even attempt to deceive or preserve themselves.