import java.util.

ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

// Base abstract class

abstract class Person

private String name;

private int age;

public Person(String name, int age)

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

public abstract void displayDetails();

public String getName() {

return name;

public int getAge()

return age;

// Single Inheritance: Student class

class Student extends Person

{
 private String studentId;

private String major;

public Student(String name, int age, String studentId, String major)

super(name, age);

this.studentId = studentId;

this.major = major;

@Override

public void displayDetails(

System.out.println("Student Name: " + getName() + ", Age: " + getAge() +

", ID: " + studentId + ", Major: " + major);

public void attendClass()

System.out.println(getName() + " is attending class in " + major);

public String getStudentId()

return studentId;

public String getMajor()

return major;

// Multilevel Inheritance: GraduateStudent class

class GraduateStudent extends Student

private String researchTopic;

public GraduateStudent(String name, int age, String studentId, String major, String researchTopic)
{

super(name, age, studentId, major);

this.researchTopic = researchTopic;

@Override

public void displayDetails()

System.out.println("Graduate Student Name: " + getName() + ", Age: " + getAge() +

", ID: " + getStudentId() + ", Major: " + getMajor() + ", Research Topic: " + researchTopic);

public void doResearch()

System.out.println(getName() + " is researching on: " + researchTopic);

}
// Hierarchical Inheritance: Teacher class

class Teacher extends Person

private String subject;

public Teacher(String name, int age, String subject)

super(name, age);

this.subject = subject;

@Override

public void displayDetails()

System.out.println("Teacher Name: " + getName() + ", Age: " + getAge() + ", Subject: " + subject);

public void teachClass()

System.out.println(getName() + " is teaching " + subject);

// Interfaces for Multiple Inheritance

interface Administrator

{
 void manageStudentRecords();

interface Coordinator

void organizeEvents();

// Staff class implementing multiple inheritance

class Staff extends Person implements Administrator, Coordinator

private String department;

public Staff(String name, int age, String department)

super(name, age);

this.department = department;

@Override

public void displayDetails()

System.out.println("Staff Name: " + getName() + ", Age: " + getAge() + ", Department: " +
department);

@Override

public void manageStudentRecords()

System.out.println(getName() + " is managing student records in " + department);

@Override

public void organizeEvents()

System.out.println(getName() + " is organizing academic events in " + department);

// Custom Exception class

class AgeValidationException extends Exception

public AgeValidationException(String message)

super(message);

// Manager class to manage persons

class UniversityManager

private List<Person> persons;

public UniversityManager()

persons = new ArrayList<>();

}
 public void addPerson(Person person)

persons.add(person);

System.out.println("Added " + person.getClass().getSimpleName() + ": " + person.getName());

public void showAllPersons()

System.out.println("\n--- All Persons in the University ---");

for (Person person : persons)

person.displayDetails();

if (person instanceof GraduateStudent)

((GraduateStudent) person).doResearch();

if (person instanceof Student)

((Student) person).attendClass();

if (person instanceof Teacher)

((Teacher) person).teachClass();

}
 if (person instanceof Staff)

((Staff) person).manageStudentRecords();

((Staff) person).organizeEvents();

System.out.println();

public void validateAge(Person person) throws AgeValidationException

if (person.getAge() < 18)

throw new AgeValidationException(

"Age too young for university role: " + person.getName() + ", Age: " + person.getAge());

else{

System.out.println("Age validated for " + person.getName() + ": " + person.getAge());

// Main class

public class UniversityManagementSystem

{
 public static void main(String[] args)

UniversityManager universityManager = new UniversityManager();

Try

Student student = new Student("Alice", 20, "S1001", "Computer Science");

GraduateStudent gradStudent = new GraduateStudent("Bob", 24, "G2001", "Electrical

Teacher teacher = new Teacher("Dr. Smith", 45, "Mathematics");

Staff staff = new Staff("Mr. John", 38, "Administration");

universityManager.addPerson(student);

universityManager.addPerson(gradStudent);

universityManager.addPerson(teacher);

universityManager.addPerson(staff);

universityManager.validateAge(student);

universityManager.validateAge(gradStudent);

universityManager.validateAge(teacher);

universityManager.validateAge(staff);

// Trigger age validation exception

Student underageStudent = new Student("Tommy", 16, "S1002", "Physics");

universityManager.addPerson(underageStudent);

universityManager.validateAge(underageStudent); // Exception expected

} catch (AgeValidationException e)
{

System.err.println("Validation Error: " + e.getMessage());

} catch (Exception e)

System.err.println("Unexpected Error: " + e.getMessage());

} finally

System.out.println("\nFinal University Personnel:");

universityManager.showAllPersons();

System.out.println("University system execution completed.");