1.
a. A hardware component that allows for a computer to connect to a network and it provides
the physical interface between the device and the network.
b. A unique identifier assigned to the NIC by the manufacturer. It is permanent (meaning it is
burned into the hardware) and used for identifying devices on a local network.
c. A logical address assigned to a device on a network. It can change (dynamic) or stay fixed
(static). Used to identify devices and allow communication across networks.
d. A networking device that forwards data packets between different networks, usually
between a local network and the internet. It determines the best path for data to travel.
e. A server that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network settings (like default
gateway, DNS) to devices on a network.
2.
a.
1. Automatically assigned by a DHCP server.
2. Changes each time a device connects to the network (not permanent).
b.
1. Manually assigned and does not change automatically.
2. Useful for devices that need constant identification (e.g., servers, printers, CCTV).
c.
1. Dynamic IPs reduce management work and are efficient for general users.
2. Static IPs are needed for devices that must always be reachable at the same
address.
3.
1. Nature:
- MAC = physical (hardware) address, permanent.
- IP = logical (software) address, can change.
2. Purpose:
- MAC = identifies devices within the same local network.
- IP = identifies devices across networks/internet.
3. Format:
- MAC = 48-bit hexadecimal (e.g., 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E).
- IP = 32-bit (IPv4) or 128-bit (IPv6) numeric address (e.g., 192.168.1.1 or
2001:db8::1).
