ANDROID OS NEXT GENERATION MOBILE COMPUTING

Seminar Guide Prof. Mohd.Faisal Seminar By AAKASH JOSHI

OUTLINE

1. INTRODUCTION 2. ARCHITECTURE 3. ANATOMY OF DEVELOPMENT

4. APPLICATION

WHAT IS ANDROID?

Mobile Operating System

based on Linux 2.6 kernel
July 2005; Google acquired Android Inc. 5 Nov 2007; Open HandSet Alliance form Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, T-Mobile 12 Nov 2007; OHA released a preview of the Android os

21 oct 2008:Google relese all code under apache license

Android is a software stack

Operating System Middleware Applications Framework

ANDROID FEATURES
Application Framework Enabling reuse & replacement of component Dalvik Virtual Machine Optimized for mobile devices Integrated Browser Based on open source WebKit engine

ANDROID FEATURES

Optimized graphics powered by custom 2D graphics library 3D based on openGL ES 1.0 specification SQlite Structured data storage Media Support common audio,video and image format

ANDROID FEATURES

GSM telephony (hardware dependant) Bluetooth,EDGE,3G,Wi-Fi(hardware dependant) Camera ,GPS (hardware dependant) Rich Development Environment SDK include device emulator, debugger, memory & performance profiling , plugin for Eclipse IDE

ANDROID ARCHITECTURE

Fig. Architecture of Android OS

LINUX KERNEL

Linux Version 2.6 as - h/w abstraction layer

Proven driver model

Security, Memory & Process Management Efficient computing resource management Stable and proven for mobile platform

LIBRARIES

Written in C/C++ - System C Library(libc) Surface manager - composing different drawing screens Display/Graphics(SGL)-for 2D graphics OpenGLES 3D Graphics Library Media Libraries SQLite RDB engine-light weight LibWebCoreweb browser engineembeddable web view

ANDROID RUNTIME

Includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality-JAVA Every Android application runs in its own process

Dalvik VM executes files in the (.dex) format

Device can run multiple VMs efficiently

APPLICATION FRAMEWORK

Activity Manager : Manages the lifecycle of applications Content provider : Enable applications access data from other applications Resource Manager : Providing access to non-code resources Window Manager Notification manager

TECHNIQUES FOR SAVING DATA

SQLite Databases: relational

database library for storing and managing complex data

Files: you

can create, write, and read files from the local storage or external media (SD Cards)

FileOutputStream, FileInputStream, and Resources classes.

THE DALVIK VIRTUAL MACHINE

Interpreter only machine optimized for use on low powered, low memory devices like phones Dalvik uses the Java programming language but not the JVM Dalvik is not a Java virtual machine. It uses bytecode format called dex.

DEVELOPMENT TOOL
Android Emulator -A virtual mobile device that runs on our computer -use to design, debug, and test our applications in an actual Android run-time environment Android Development Tools Plugin -for the Eclipse IDE adds powerful extensions to the Eclipse integrated environment Dalvik Debug Monitor Service (DDMS) -Integrated with Dalvik-this tool let us manage processes on an emulator and assists in debugging

LIFE1 0 / 3 / 2 0 1 2 OF CYCLE APPLICATION

1. A foreground process 2. A visible process 3. A service process 4. A background process 5. An empty process

MITCOE,PUNE

APPLICATION

APPLICATION

ADVANTEGES
Open - Android allows you to access core mobile device functionality through standard API calls. All applications are equal - Android does not differentiate between the phone's basic and third-party applications -- even the dialer or home screen can be replaced. Breaking down boundaries - Combine information from the web with data on the phone -- such as contacts or geographic location -- to create new user experiences. Fast and easy development - The SDK contains what you need to build and run Android applications, including a true device emulator and advanced debugging tools.

DISADVANTAGES
Security - Making source code available to everyone inevitably invites the attention of black hat hackers. Open Source - A disadvantage of open-source development is that anyone can scrutinize the source code to find vulnerabilities and write exploits. Login - Platform doesn't run on an encrypted file system and has a vulnerable log-in. Incompetence - Googles dependence on hardware and carrier partners puts the final product out of their control.

CONCLUSION

Android is a disruptive technology, which was introduced initially on mobile handsets, but has much wider potential.

REFERENCES
As the subject is quite new and there are no books and papers published yet, I wrote this report based on the information I found on these web pages 1.http://code. google. com/android/ - Google Android official webpage 2. http://www. openhandsetalliance.com/ - Open Handset Alliance webpage 3. http://en. Wikipedia .org/ wiki/Android_ (mobile_phone_platform) Wikipedia information 4.http://googleblog.blogspot.com/ - Official Google Blog 5.http://davanum.wordpress.com Gtalk code example written by Davanum Srinivas Moreover, I found the interesting topics on Google Android browsing Google Groups,and, of course, using Google search by itself.