COOL:Gen Syntax
• The statements in Cool:Gen can be broadly divided into the
following categories:
• Sequential Actions
• Conditional Actions
• Repeated Actions
• Control Actions
• Entity Occurrence Actions
• Pairing Actions
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Sequential Actions
SET Statement
SET is an assignment action used to assign values to attribute
views.
The format of SET action statement is:
SET view-1 attribute-view-1 [ROUNDED] TO expression
[SUBSCRIPT] [NOT ROUNDED]
[LAST of group-view]
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Sequential Actions
MOVE Statement
MOVE assigns the values of all attribute views for an entity
views at once. A MOVE is not required for each attribute value
in the view.
The format of MOVE action statement is:
MOVE view-1 TO view-2
view-1 and view-2 should be of the same entity type/work view.
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Sequential Actions
NOTE Statement
Note allows you to add your own annotations and comments
anywhere in the action diagram.
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Conditional Actions
IF/ELSEIF/ELSE Statement
IF specifies the condition under which process actions take
place.
Simple mutually exclusive conditions can be added to the IF
condition.
+-> IF condition-1 (AND/OR condition-2)
| process statements....
| ..........
+-ELSEIF
| process statements....
| ..........
+-ELSE
| process statements....
+--
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Conditional Actions
CASE OF/CASE Statement
CASE OF conditional action specifies actions that depend on the
value of one of the items listed in the CASE statements.
+->CASE OF expression-1
+->CASE constant-1
| process statements....
+->CASE constant-1
| process statements....
+->OTHERWISE
| process statements....
+--
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Repeated Actions
FOR Statement
The FOR conditions causes an action or group of actions to be
repeated according to the criteria you specify for a local numeric
attribute view or an explicitly indexed repeating group view.
Format 1
+->FOR local-view-1 FROM num-1 TO num-2 BY num-3
| process statements....
+--
Format 2
+->FOR SUBSCRIPT OF group-view-1 FROM num-1 TO
| LAST OF group-view-1
| process statements....
+--
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Repeated Actions
FOR EACH Statement
The FOR EACH repeating action repeats the action group for each
occurrence of an implicitly indexed repeating group view
+->FOR EACH group-view-1
| TARGETING group-view-2 FROM THE BEGINNING
| UNTIL FULL
| process statements....
+--
TARGETING clause allows you to identify the repeating export or local
group view to be populated.
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Repeated Actions
WHILE Statement
Repeats an action or group of actions as long as the condition is
true.
+->WHILE condition-1
| TARGETING group-view-2 FROM THE BEGINNING
| UNTIL FULL
| process statements....
+--
Can contain more than one TARGETING statements.
The test for the condition takes place first. If the condition is not met then
there are no iterations.
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Control Actions
ESCAPE Statement
ESCAPE terminates the execution of a particular action group.
Mostly used after exception conditions, such as ROW already exists in
the table or ROW not found in the table.
+-> IF condition-1
| +-> IF condition-2
| | +-> IF condition-3
| | | +-> IF condition-4
| <--------- ESCAPE
| | | +--
| | +--
| +--
| process statements......
+--
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Control Actions
EXIT STATE IS Statement
EXIT STATE IS sets the value of the special attribute, exit state.
EXIT STATE IS exit-state-value
• Can hold only one value at a time.
•An ESCAPE statement usually follows the EXIT STATE statement.
• An EXIT STATE causes the transfer of control from one procedure
step to another. A dialog flow takes place on the existence of one or
more exit states.
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Control Actions
EXIT STATE IS Statement - Example
EXIT STATE IS customer_not_found
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Control Actions
USE Statement
USE statement references the logic in common action blocks.
The logic is common in that it can also be used in other processes,
procedures, and action blocks(including external action blocks).
Format
process statements....
USE action-block-1
WHICH IMPORTS:import-1,import-2...
WHICH EXPORTS:export-1,export-2...
process statements....
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Control Actions
USE Statement
• Match the views (of called and calling action block).
• Matching is possible only between similar(entity/work) views.
• After execution, the control returns to the statement after the USE
statement.
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Entity Occurrence Actions
CREATE Statement
• Stores information about entities.
• Entity should be defined in the entity action view of the action diagram.
• SET statement to assign value to the attributed.
• If any attribute is not assigned value using SET statement then the
attribute takes the default value defined.
• ASSOCIATE statement used to set the associations.
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Entity Occurrence Actions
CREATE Statement
Format
+-> CREATE entity-view-1
| [SET attribute-view-1 TO expression ]
| [ASSOCIATE WITH entity-view-2 WHICH
| relationship IT]
+-> WHEN SUCCESSFUL
| processing statements...
+-> WHEN ALREADY EXISTS
| processing statements...
+-> WHEN permitted value violation
| processing statements...
+--
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Entity Occurrence Actions
READ Statement
• Retrieves a single occurrence of one or more entity types based on the
selection criteria specified.
• Format
+-> READ entity-view-1(,entity-view-2...)
| [WHERE selection-condition]
+-> WHEN SUCCESSFUL
| processing statements...
+-> WHEN NOT FOUND
| processing statements...
+--
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Entity Occurrence Actions
READ Statement
• Example - 1
+-> READ loan
| WHERE DESIRED loan num = import loan num
| ........
+--
• Example - 2
+-> READ loan_transaction
| WHERE DESIRED loan_transaction
| is_contained_by CURRENT loan
| ........
+--
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Entity Occurrence Actions
READ Statement
• Example - 3
+-> READ loan_transaction
| WHERE DESIRED loan_transaction contains SOME
| loan
| AND THAT loan num = import loan num
| ........
+--
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Entity Occurrence Actions
READ EACH Statement
• Retrieves multiple occurrence of one or more entity types based on the
selection criteria specified.
• One iteration occurs for each entity occurrence satisfying the selection
criteria specified.
• Format
+-> READ EACH entity-view-1(,entity-view-2...)
| [TARGETING group-view-1 FROM THE BEGINNING
| UNTIL FULL]
| [WHERE selection-condition]
| processing statements...
+--
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Entity Occurrence Actions
READ EACH Statement
• Example
+-> READ EACH loan_transaction
| TARGETING export_group FROM THE BEGINNING
| UNTIL FULL
| WHERE DESIRED loan_transaction contains
| CURRENT loan
| ........
+--
• For each iteration, the subscript of the group view will be incremented
by 1.
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Entity Occurrence Actions
READ EACH Statement - Options
• Distinct
• Always generate cursor with Distinct.
• Never generate cursor with Distinct.
• Use default.
• Select clause isolation level
• Repeatable
• Cursor Stable
• Uncommitted/Browse
• Default
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Entity Occurrence Actions
READ EACH Statement - Options
• Optimize for N rows.
• Do not generate optimize clause
• Use TARGETING value, when present
• Use the value - 9999.
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Entity Occurrence Actions
UPDATE Statement
• Can change the attribute value of an entity occurrence.
• Can update the relationships.
• Should be preceded by a READ/CREATE statement to identify the row
to be updated.
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Entity Occurrence Actions
UPDATE Statement
Example
+-> UPDATE entity-action-1
| SET attribute-1 TO [VALUE]
| SET attribute-2 TO [VALUE]
| .........
| ASSOCIATE WITH entity-view-1 WHICH
! relationship-1
+-> WHEN SUCCESSFUL
| processing statements...
+-> WHEN NOT FOUND
+--
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Entity Occurrence Actions
DELETE Statement
• Removes an occurrence of an entity.
• Should be preceded by a CREATE/READ statement to identify the row
to be deleted.
• Cascade deletion. (Cool:GEN level or Database level).
Format
+-> READ entity-view-1
| WHERE [condition-1]
+-> WHEN successful
| DELETE entity-view-1
+-> WHEN not found
| processing statements...
+--
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Entity Occurrence Actions
DELETE Statement
• Example
+-> READ loan
| WHERE DESIRED loan loan_num = import loan
| loan_num
+-> WHEN SUCCESSFUL
| DELETE loan
+-> WHEN NOT FOUND
| processing statements...
+--
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Pairing Actions
ASSOCIATE Statement
• Breaks a specific pairing along a specific relationship.
• ASSOCIATE has to be used for mandatory relationships.
• ASSOCIATE may be used for optional relationships.
• Used with CREATE or UPDATE statement or as standalone statement.
• Format 1 - with CREATE/UPDATE
ASSOCIATE WITH entity-view-1 WHICH relation-1 IT
• Format 2 - as stand alone statement
ASSOCIATE entity-view-1
WITH entity-view-2 WHICH relation-1 IT
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Pairing Actions
ASSOCIATE Statement
• Example 1
+-> CREATE loan_transaction
| SET loan_transaction effective_date TO
| 20020101
| SET loan_transaction updated_date TO ‘SATYAM’
| ASSOCIATE WITH loan WHICH identifies IT
+--
• Example 2
+->ASSOCIATE loan_transaction
| WITH loan WHICH identifies IT
+--
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Pairing Actions
DISASSOCIATE Statement
• Establishes a pairing along a relationship between two entities.
• DISASSOCIATE can be used only for optional relationships.
• Used with UPDATE statement.
• Format 1 - With Update statement
DISASSOCIATE FROM entity-view-1 WHICH relation-1
IT
• Format 2 - With Update statement
DISASSOCIATE entity-view-1
FROM entity-view-2 WHICH relation-1 IT
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Pairing Actions
DISASSOCIATE Statement
• Example 1
+-> UPDATE loan_transaction
| SET loan_transaction effective_date TO
| 20020101
| SET loan_transaction updated_date TO ‘SATYAM’
| DISASSOCIATE FROM loan WHICH identifies IT
+--
• Example 2
+->DISASSOCIATE loan_transaction
| FROM loan WHICH identifies IT
+--
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Pairing Actions
TRANSFER Statement
• Transfers the relationship between specific entity occurrences.
• TRANSFER can be used only for relationships defined as transferable.
• Used with CREATE/UPDATE statement or stand alone statement.
• Format 1 - With Create/Update statement
TRANSFER entity-view-1 WHICH relation-1 IT
TO entity-view-2 WHICH relation-2 IT
• Format 2 - stand alone statement
TRANSFER FROM entity-view-1 WHICH relation-1 IT
TO entity-view-2 WHICH relation-2 IT
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Miscellaneous Actions
SUMMARIZE Statement
• Allows the aggregate functions COUNT, MAX, MIN, AVERAGE and
SUM to be used.
• Similar to READ except that one or more PLACING clauses are
required.
• PLACING clause assigns the value retrieved by the aggregate function
to modifiable fields.
• One or more PLACING clauses can be used for a single SUMMARIZE.
• Can contain a WHERE clause to add the selection criteria.
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Miscellaneous Actions
SUMMARIZE Statement
• Format
+-> SUMMARIZE entity-view-1, entity-view-2,...
| PLACING aggregate function-1 INTO attribute-1
| PLACING aggregate function-2 INTO attribute-2
| PLACING...
+--
• Example
+-> SUMMARIZE loan
| PLACING count(OCCURENCES) INTO local
| ief_supplied count
+--
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Miscellaneous Actions
SUMMARIZE EACH GROUP Statement
• Allows the aggregate functions COUNT, MAX, MIN, AVERAGE and
SUM to be used.
• Divides into subgroups based on common attribute values.
• Similar to GROUP BY clause in SQL.
• WITH THE SAME clause used with SUMMARIZE EACH to designate
the common attributes
• TARGETING clause can be used with SUMMARIZE EACH.
• Can contain a WHERE clause to add the selection criteria.
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Miscellaneous Actions
SUMMARIZE EACH GROUP Statement
• Format
+-> SUMMARIZE EACH GROUP OF entity-view-1
| WITH THE SAME entity-view-1 attribute-1
| TARGETING group-view-1 FROM THE BEGINNING
| UNTIL FULL
| PLACING aggregate function-1 INTO attribute-2
| WHERE [selection condition]
| processing statements....
+--
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Miscellaneous Actions
SUMMARIZE EACH GROUP Statement
• Example
+-> SUMMARIZE EACH GROUP OF product
| WITH THE SAME product id
| PLACING product id INTO local product id
| PLACING GROUP sum(order_line qty_ordered *
| product unit_price) INTO local ief_supplied
| currency
| WHERE DESIRED product is_ordered_in CURRENT
| order_line
| processing statements....
+--
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Miscellaneous Actions
MAKE Statement
• Sets the video properties of screen fields from an action diagram.
• Can be used only in online procedures.
• Is active only in procedure step, will not be active in action diagrams.
• Example
MAKE export customer name Unprotected High
Intensity Containing Cursor
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Miscellaneous Actions
COMMAND IS Statement
• Sets the value of the special attribute, command.
• Can hold only one value at a time.
• Used mainly to control flow within the procedure step.
• Format
COMMAND IS command_value
• Example
COMMAND IS ADD
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Interface
Screen Design
• Visual Layout of the views imported to and exported from the
procedure step.
• Screen can contain the following components.
• Fields.
• Literals.
• Prompts.
• Special Fields
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