1

11
GUI Components:
Part 1

2005 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Do you think I can listen all day to such stuff?

Lewis Carroll

Even a minor event in the life of a child is an event

of that child s world and thus a world event.
Gaston Bachelard

You pays your money and you takes your choice.

Punch

Guess if you can, choose if you dare.

Pierre Corneille

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OBJECTIVES
In this chapter you will learn:
The design principles of graphical user interfaces
(GUIs).
To build GUIs and handle events generated by
user interactions with GUIs.
To understand the packages containing GUI
components, event-handling classes and
interfaces.
To create and manipulate buttons, labels, lists,
text fields and panels.
To handle mouse events and keyboard events.
To use layout managers to arrange GUI
components

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11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9

Introduction
Simple GUI-Based Input/Output with JOptionPane
Overview of Swing Components
Displaying Text and Images in a Window
Text Fields and an Introduction to Event Handling with
Nested Classes
Common GUI Event Types and Listener Interfaces
How Event Handling Works
JButton

Buttons That Maintain State

11.9.1 JCheckBox
11.9.2 JRadioButton
11.10 JComboBox and Using an Anonymous Inner Class for Event
Handling

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11.11 JList
11.12 Multiple-Selection Lists
11.13 Mouse Event Handling
11.14 Adapter Classes
11.15

JPanel

Sublcass for Drawing with the Mouse

11.16 Key-Event Handling

11.17 Layout Managers
11.17.1

FlowLayout

11.17.2

BorderLayout

11.17.3 GridLayout
11.18 Using Panels to Manage More Complex Layouts
11.19

JTextArea

11.20 Wrap-Up

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11.1 Introduction
Graphical user interface (GUI)
Presents a user-friendly mechanism for interacting with an
application
Often contains title bar, menu bar containing menus,
buttons and combo boxes
Built from GUI components

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Look-and-Feel Observation 11.1

Consistent user interfaces enable a user to learn
new applications faster.

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button

menus

title bar

menu bar

combo box

scroll
bars

Fig. 11.1 | Internet Explorer window with GUI components.

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11.2 Simple GUI-Based Input/Output with

JOptionPane

Dialog boxes
Used by applications to interact with the user
Provided by Javas JOptionPane class
Contains input dialogs and message dialogs

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Outline

10

Show input dialog to receive first

integer
Addition.java
(1 of 2)

Show input dialog to receive

second integer

Show message dialog to output sum

to user

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Input dialog displayed by lines 1011

Prompt to the user

Outline
Text field in which
the user types a
value

When the user clicks OK,

showInputDialog
returns to the program
the 100 typed by the
user as a String. The
program must convert
the String to an int

11

Addition.java

(2 of 2)

Input dialog displayed by lines 1213

title bar

Message dialog displayed by lines 2223

When the user clicks OK, the

message dialog is dismissed
(removed from the
screen)

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12

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.2

The prompt in an input dialog typically uses
sentence-style capitalizationa style that
capitalizes only the first letter of the first word
in the text unless the word is a proper noun (for
example, Deitel).

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13

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.3

The title bar of a window typically uses book-title
capitalizationa style that capitalizes the first
letter of each significant word in the text and
does not end with any punctuation (for example,
Capitalization in a Book Title).

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14

Fig. 11.3 | JOptionPane static constants for message dialogs.

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15

11.3 Overview of Swing Components

Swing GUI components
Declared in package javax.swing
Most are pure Java components
Part of the Java Foundation Classes (JFC)

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16

Fig. 11.4 | Some basic GUI components.

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17

Swing vs. AWT

Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT)
Precursor to Swing
Declared in package java.awt
Does not provide consistent, cross-platform look-and-feel

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18

Portability Tip 11.1

Swing components are implemented in Java, so
they are more portable and flexible than the
original Java GUI components from package
java.awt, which were based on the GUI
components of the underlying platform. For this
reason, Swing GUI components are generally
preferred.

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Lightweight vs. Heavyweight GUI

Components

19

Lightweight components
Not tied directly to GUI components supported by
underlying platform

Heavyweight components
Tied directly to the local platform
AWT components
Some Swing components

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20

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.4

The look and feel of a GUI defined with
heavyweight GUI components from package
java.awt may vary across platforms. Because
heavyweight components are tied to the localplatform GUI, the look and feel varies from
platform to platform.

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Superclasses of Swings Lightweight GUI

Components

21

Class Component (package java.awt)

Subclass of Object
Declares many behaviors and attributes common to GUI
components

Class Container (package java.awt)

Subclass of Component
Organizes Components

Class JComponent (package javax.swing)

Subclass of Container
Superclass of all lightweight Swing components

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22

Software Engineering Observation 11.1

Study the attributes and behaviors of the classes
in the class hierarchy of Fig. 11.5. These classes
declare the features that are common to most
Swing components.

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23

Fig. 11.5 | Common superclasses of many of the Swing components.

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Superclasses of Swings Lightweight GUI

Components

24

Common lightweight component features

Pluggable look-and-feel to customize the appearance of
components
Shortcut keys (called mnemonics)
Common event-handling capabilities
Brief description of components purpose (called tool tips)
Support for localization

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11.4 Displaying Text and Images in a

Window

25

Class JFrame
Most windows are an instance or subclass of this class
Provides title bar
Provides buttons to minimize, maximize and close the
application

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26

Labeling GUI Components

Label
Text instructions or information stating the purpose of
each component
Created with class JLabel

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27

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.5

Text in a JLabel normally uses sentence-style
capitalization.

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28

Specifying the Layout

Laying out containers
Determines where components are placed in the container
Done in Java with layout managers
One of which is class FlowLayout

Set with the setLayout method of class JFrame

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Outline

29

LabelFrame.java

(1 of 2)

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Outline

30

LabelFrame.java

(2 of 2)

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Outline

31

LabelTest.java

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32

Creating and Attaching label1

Method setToolTipText of class
JComponent
Specifies the tool tip

Method add of class Container

Adds a component to a container

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33

Common Programming Error 11.1

If you do not explicitly add a GUI component
to a container, the GUI component will not be
displayed when the container appears on the
screen.

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34

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.6

Use tool tips to add descriptive text to your GUI
components. This text helps the user determine
the GUI components purpose in the user
interface.

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35

Creating and Attaching label2

Interface Icon
Can be added to a JLabel with the setIcon method
Implemented by class ImageIcon

Interface SwingConstants
Declares a set of common integer constants such as those
used to set the alignment of components
Can be used with methods setHorizontalAlignment
and setVerticalAlignment

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36

Creating and Attaching label3

Other JLabel methods
getText and setText
For setting and retrieving the text of a label

getIcon and setIcon

For setting and retrieving the icon displayed in the label

getHorizontalTextPosition and
setHorizontalTextPosition
For setting and retrieving the horizontal position of the text
displayed in the label

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37

Fig. 11.8 | Some basic GUI components.

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Creating and Displaying a LabelFrame

Window

38

Other JFrame methods

setDefaultCloseOperation
Dictates how the application reacts when the user clicks the
close button

setSize
Specifies the width and height of the window

setVisible
Determines whether the window is displayed (true) or not
(false)

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11.5 Text Fields and an Introduction to

Event Handling with Nested Classes

39

GUIs are event-driven

A user interaction creates an event
Common events are clicking a button, typing in a text field,
selecting an item from a menu, closing and window and
moving the mouse

The event causes a call to a method called an event handler

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11.5 Text Fields and an Introduction to

Event Handling with Nested Classes

40

Class JTextComponent
Superclass of JTextField
Superclass of JPasswordField
Adds echo character to hide text input in component

Allows user to enter text in the component when

component has the applications focus

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Outline

41

TextFieldFrame
.java

(1 of 3)

Create a new JTextField

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Outline

42

Create a new JTextField

TextFieldFrame
.java

Create a new uneditable

JTextField (2 of 3)

Create a new JPasswordField

Create event handler

Register event handler

Create event handler class by
implementing the
ActionListener interface
Declare actionPerformed
method

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Test if the source of the event

is the
Outline
first text field

43

Get text from text field

TextFieldFrame
Test if the source of the event
is the
.java

second text field

(3 of 3)
Get text from text field

Test if the source of the event is the

third text field
Get text from text field
Test if the source of the event is the
password field
Get password from password field

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Outline

44

TextFieldTest
.java

(1 of 2)

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Outline

45

TextFieldTest
.java

(2 of 2)

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Steps Required to Set Up Event Handling

for a GUI Component

46

Several coding steps are required for an

application to respond to events
Create a class for the event handler
Implement an appropriate event-listener interface
Register the event handler

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Using a Nested Class to Implement an

Event Handler

47

Top-level classes
Not declared within another class

Nested classes
Declared within another class
Non-static nested classes are called inner classes
Frequently used for event handling

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48

Software Engineering Observation 11.2

An inner class is allowed to directly access its
top-level classs variables and methods, even if
they are private.

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Using a Nested Class to Implement an

Event Handler

49

JTextFields and JPasswordFields

Pressing enter within either of these fields causes an
ActionEvent
Processed by objects that implement the ActionListener
interface

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Registering the Event Handler for Each

Text Field

50

Registering an event handler

Call method addActionListener to register an
ActionListener object
ActionListener listens for events on the object

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51

Software Engineering Observation 11.3

The event listener for an event must implement
the appropriate event-listener interface.

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52

Common Programming Error 11.2

Forgetting to register an event-handler object for
a particular GUI components event type causes
events of that type to be ignored.

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Details of Class TextFieldHandlers

actionPerformed Method

53

Event source
Component from which event originates
Can be determined using method getSource
Text from a JTextField can be acquired using
getActionCommand
Text from a JPasswordField can be acquired using
getPassword

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11.6 Common GUI Event Types and

Listener Interfaces

54

Event types
All are subclasses of AWTEvent
Some declared in package java.awt.event
Those specific to Swing components declared in
javax.swing.event

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11.6 Common GUI Event Types and

Listener Interfaces

55

Delegation event model

Event source is the component with which user interacts
Event object is created and contains information about the
event that happened
Event listener is notified when an event happens

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56

Fig. 11.11 | Some event classes of package java.awt.event.

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57

Fig. 11.12 | Some common event-listener interfaces of package java.awt.event.

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58

11.7 How Event Handling Works

Remaining questions
How did the event handler get registered?
How does the GUI component know to call
actionPerformed rather than some other eventhandling method?

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59

Registering Events
Every JComponent has instance variable
listenerList
Object of type EventListenerList
Maintains references to all its registered listeners

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60

Fig. 11.13 | Event registration for JTextField textField1 .

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61

Event-Handler Invocation
Events are dispatched to only the event listeners
that match the event type
Events have a unique event ID specifying the event type

MouseEvents are handled by

MouseListeners and
MouseMotionsListeners
KeyEvents are handled by KeyListeners

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62

11.8 JButton
Button
Component user clicks to trigger a specific action
Can be command button, check box, toggle button or radio
button
Button types are subclasses of class AbstractButton

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63

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.7

Buttons typically use book-title capitalization.

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64

11.8 JButton
Command button
Generates an ActionEvent when it is clicked
Created with class JButton
Text on the face of the button is called button label

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65

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.8

Having more than one JButton with the same
label makes the JButtons ambiguous to the user.
Provide a unique label for each button.

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66

Fig. 11.14 | Swing button hierarchy.

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Outline

67

ButtonFrame.java

(1 of 2)

Declare two JButton instance

variables

Create new JButton

Create two ImageIcons
Create new JButton
Set rollover icon for JButton

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Outline

68

Create handler for buttons

ButtonFrame.java

Register event handler

(2 of 2)
Inner class implements
ActionListener

Access outer classs instance using

this reference
Get text of JButton pressed

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Outline

69

ButtonTest.java

(1 of 2)

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Outline

70

ButtonTest.java

(2 of 2)

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71

11.8 JButton
JButtons can have a rollover icon
Appears when mouse is positioned over a button
Added to a JButton with method setRolloverIcon

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72

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.9

Because class AbstractButton supports
displaying text and images on a button, all
subclasses of AbstractButton also support
displaying text and images.

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73

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.10

Using rollover icons for JButtons provides
users with visual feedback indicating that when
they click the mouse while the cursor is
positioned over the button, an action will occur.

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74

Software Engineering Observation 11.4

When used in an inner class, keyword this
refers to the current inner-class object being
manipulated. An inner-class method can use its
outer-class objects this by preceding this
with the outer-class name and a dot, as in
ButtonFrame.this.

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75

11.9 Buttons That Maintain State

State buttons
Swing contains three types of state buttons
JToggleButton, JCheckBox and JRadioButton
JCheckBox and JRadioButton are subclasses of
JToggleButton

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76

11.9.1 JCheckBox
JCheckBox
Contains a check box label that appears to right of check
box by default
Generates an ItemEvent when it is clicked
ItemEvents are handled by an ItemListener
Passed to method itemStateChanged

Method isSelected returns whether check box is

selected (true) or not (false)

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Outline

77

CheckBoxFrame
.java

(1 of 3)
Declare two JCheckBox instance
variables

Set font of text field

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Outline

78

Create two JCheckBoxes

CheckBoxFrame
.java

Create event handler

(2 of 3)
Register event handler with
JCheckBoxes
Inner class implements
ItemListener

itemStateChanged method is
called when a JCheckBox is
clicked

Test whether JCheckBox is

selected

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Outline

79

Test source of the event

isSelected method returns

CheckBoxFrame
.java
whether JCheckBox is selected
(3 of 3)

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Outline

80

CheckBoxTest
.java

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81

11.9.2 JRadioButton
JRadioButton
Has two states selected and unselected
Normally appear in a group in which only one radio button
can be selected at once
Group maintained by a ButtonGroup object
Declares method add to add a JRadioButton to
group

Usually represents mutually exclusive options

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82

Common Programming Error 11.3

Adding a ButtonGroup object (or an object of any
other class that does not derive from Component)
to a container results in a compilation error.

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Outline

83

RadioButtonFrame.
java

(1 of 3)

Declare four JRadioButtons

and a ButtonGroup to manage
them

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Outline

84

RadioButtonFrame
.java

(2 of 3)

Create the four JRadioButtons

Create the ButtonGroup

Add each JRadioButton to the

ButtonGroup

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Outline

85

Register an event handler with each

JRadioButton
RadioButtonFrame
.java

(3 of 3)

Event handler inner class

implements ItemListener
When radio button is selected, the
text fields font will be set to the
value passed to the constructor

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Outline

86

RadioButtonTest
.java

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11.10 JComboBox and Using an Anonymous

Inner Class for Event Handling

87

Combo box
Also called a drop-down list
Implemented by class JComboBox
Each item in the list has an index
setMaximumRowCount sets the maximum number of
rows shown at once
JComboBox provides a scrollbar and up and down arrows
to traverse list

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88

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.11

Set the maximum row count for a JComboBox to a
number of rows that prevents the list from
expanding outside the bounds of the window in
which it is used. This configuration will ensure
that the list displays correctly when it is expanded
by the user.

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Using an Anonymous Inner Class for

Event Handling

89

Anonymous inner class

Special form of inner class
Declared without a name
Typically appears inside a method call
Has limited access to local variables

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Outline

90

ComboBoxFrame
.java

(1 of 2)

Declare JComboBox instance

variable

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Create JComboBox and set

Outline
maximum row count

91

Create anonymous inner class as

the event handler ComboBoxrame
.java

Declare method (2 of 2)
itemStateChanged
Test state change of JComboBox
Method getSelectedIndex
locates selected item

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Outline

92

ComboBoxTest
.java

Scrollbar to scroll through the

items in the list

scroll arrows

scroll box

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93

Software Engineering Observation 11.5

An anonymous inner class declared in a method
can access the instance variables and methods of
the top-level class object that declared it, as well
as the methods final local variables, but cannot
access the methods non-final variables.

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94

Software Engineering Observation 11.6

Like any other class, when an anonymous inner
class implements an interface, the class must
implement every method in the interface.

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95

11.11 JList
List
Displays a series of items from which the user may select
one or more items
Implemented by class JList
Allows for single-selection lists or multiple-selection lists
A ListSelectionEvent occurs when an item is selected
Handled by a ListSelectionListener and passed to
method valueChanged

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Outline

96

ListFrame.java

(1 of 2)

Declare JList instance variable

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Outline

Create JList

97

ListFrame.java
Set selection mode of JList

(2 of 2)

Add JList to ScrollPane and

add to application

Get index of selected item

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Outline

98

ListTest.java

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99

11.12 Multiple-Selection Lists

Multiple-selection list
Enables users to select many items
Single interval selection allows only a continuous range of
items
Multiple interval selection allows any set of elements to be
selected

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Outline

100

Multiple
SelectionFrame
.java

(1 of 3)

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Outline

101

Use a multiple interval selection list

Multiple
SelectionFrame
.java

(2 of 3)

Use methods setListData and

getSelectedValues to copy
values from one JList to the other

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Outline

102

Set cell width for presentation

Multiple
Set cell height for presentation
SelectionFrame
.java

(3 of 3)
Set selection model to single
interval selection

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Outline

103

Multiple
SelectionTest
.java

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104

11.13 Mouse Event Handling

Mouse events
Create a MouseEvent object
Handled by MouseListeners and
MouseMotionListeners
MouseInputListener combines the two interfaces
Interface MouseWheelListener declares method
mouseWheelMoved to handle MouseWheelEvents

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105

Fig. 11.27 | MouseListener and MouseMotionListener interface

methods. (Part 1 of 2.)

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106

Fig. 11.27 | MouseListener and MouseMotionListener interface

methods. (Part 2 of 2.)

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107

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.12

Method calls to mouseDragged and mouseReleased
are sent to the MouseMotionListener for the
Component on which a mouse drag operation
started. Similarly, the mouseReleased method call
at the end of a drag operation is sent to the
MouseListener for the Component on which the
drag operation started.

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Outline

108

MouseTracker
Frame.java

(1 of 4)

Create JPanel to capture mouse

events
Set background to white
Create JLabel and add to
application

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Outline
Create event handler for mouse
events

109

Register event handler

MouseTracker
Frame.java

Implement mouse listener interfaces

(2 of 4)

Declare mouseClicked method

Find location of mouse click

Declare mousePressed method

Declare mouseReleased method

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Outline

110

Declare mouseEntered method

MouseTracker
Frame.java

Set background of JPanel

(3 of 4)

Declare mouseExited method

Set background of JPanel

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Outline

111

Declare mouseDragged method

MouseTracker
Frame.java

(4 of 4)

Declare mouseMoved method

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Outline

112

MouseTracker
Frame.java

(1 of 2)

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Outline

113

MouseTracker
Frame.java

(2 of 2)

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114

11.14 Adapter Classes

Adapter class
Implements event listener interface
Provides default implementation for all event-handling
methods

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115

Software Engineering Observation 11.7

When a class implements an interface, the class
has an is a relationship with that interface. All
direct and indirect subclasses of that class inherit
this interface. Thus, an object of a class that
extends an event-adapter class is an object of the
corresponding event-listener type (e.g., an object
of a subclass of MouseAdapter is a
MouseListener).

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116

Extending MouseAdapter
MouseAdapter
Adapter class for MouseListener and
MouseMotionListener interfaces
Extending class allows you to override only the methods
you wish to use

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117

Common Programming Error 11.4

If you extend an adapter class and misspell the
name of the method you are overriding, your
method simply becomes another method in the
class. This is a logic error that is difficult to detect,
since the program will call the empty version of
the method inherited from the adapter class.

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118

Fig. 11.30 | Event-adapter classes and the interfaces they implement in

package java.awt.event.

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Outline

119

MouseDetails
Frame.java

(1 of 2)

Register event handler

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Outline

120

MouseDetails
Frame.java

(2 of 2)

Get number of times mouse button

was clicked
Test for right mouse button
Test for middle mouse button

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Outline

121

MouseDetails
.java
(1 of 2)

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Outline

122

MouseDetails
.java
(2 of 2)

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11.15 JPanel Subclass for Drawing with

the Mouse

123

Overriding class JPanel

Provides a dedicated drawing area

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124

Fig. 11.33 | InputEvent methods that help distinguish among left-,

center- and right-mouse-button clicks.

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125

Method paintComponent
Method paintComponent
Draws on a Swing component
Overriding method allows you to create custom drawings
Must call superclass method first when overridden

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126

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.13

Most Swing GUI components can be
transparent or opaque. If a Swing GUI
component is opaque, its background will be
cleared when its paintComponent method is
called. Only opaque components can display
a customized background color. JPanel
objects are opaque by default.

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127

Error-Prevention Tip 11.1

In a JComponent subclasss paintComponent
method, the first statement should always be a
call to the superclasss paintComponent method
to ensure that an object of the subclass displays
correctly.

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128

Common Programming Error 11.5

If an overridden paintComponent method does
not call the superclasss version, the subclass
component may not display properly. If an
overridden paintComponent method calls the
superclasss version after other drawing is
performed, the drawing will be erased.

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129

Defining the Custom Drawing Area

Customized subclass of JPanel
Provides custom drawing area
Class Graphics is used to draw on Swing components
Class Point represents an x-y coordinate

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Outline

130

PaintPanel.java

(1 of 2)

Create array of Points

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Anonymous inner class for event

Outline
handling

131

Override mouseDragged method

PaintPanel.java

(2 of 2)

Get location of mouse cursor

Repaint the JFrame

Get the x and y-coordinates of the

Point

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132

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.14

Calling repaint for a Swing GUI component
indicates that the component should be
refreshed on the screen as soon as possible. The
background of the GUI component is cleared
only if the component is opaque. JComponent
method setOpaque can be passed a boolean
argument indicating whether the component is
opaque (true) or transparent (false).

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133

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.15

Drawing on any GUI component is performed
with coordinates that are measured from the
upper-left corner (0, 0) of that GUI component,
not the upper-left corner of the screen.

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Outline

134

Painter.java

(1 of 2)

Create instance of custom drawing

panel

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Outline

135

Painter.java

(2 of 2)

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136

11.16 Key-Event Handling

KeyListener interface
For handling KeyEvents
Declares methods keyPressed, keyReleased and
keyTyped

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Outline

137

KeyDemoFrame
.java

(1 of 3)

Implement KeyListener
interface

Set background color

Register application as event

handler for itself

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Outline

138

Declare keyPressed method

Get code of pressed keyKeyDemoFrame
.java

(2 of 3)

Declare keyReleased method

Get code of released key
Declare keyTyped method

Output character typed

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Outline

139

Test if it was an action key

KeyDemoFrame
.java

Determine any modifiers pressed

(3 of 3)

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Outline

140

KeyDemo.java

(1 of 2)

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Outline

141

KeyDemo.java

(1 of 2)

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142

11.17 Layout Managers

Layout managers
Provided to arrange GUI components in a container
Provide basic layout capabilities
Implement the interface LayoutManager

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143

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.16

Most Java programming environments
provide GUI design tools that help a
programmer graphically design a GUI; the
design tools then write the Java code to create
the GUI. Such tools often provide greater
control over the size, position and alignment
of GUI components than do the built-in layout
managers.

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144

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.17

It is possible to set a Containers layout to null,
which indicates that no layout manager should
be used. In a Container without a layout
manager, the programmer must position and
size the components in the given container and
take care that, on resize events, all components
are repositioned as necessary. A components
resize events can be processed by a
ComponentListener.

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145

11.17.1 FlowLayout
FlowLayout
Simplest layout manager
Components are placed left to right in order they are
added
Components can be left aligned, centered or right aligned

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146

Fig. 11.38 | Layout managers.

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Outline

147

FlowLayoutFrame
.java

(1 of 3)

Create FlowLayout

Set layout of application

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Outline

148

Add JButton; FlowLayout

will handle placement

FlowLayoutFrame
.java

(2 of 3)

Set alignment to left

Adjust layout

Add JButton; FlowLayout

will handle placement
Set alignment to center

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Outline

149

Adjust layout
FlowLayoutFrame
.java

(3 of 3)
Add JButton; FlowLayout
will handle placement

Set alignment to right

Adjust layout

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Outline

150

FlowLayoutDemo
.java

(1 of 2)

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Outline

151

FlowLayoutDemo
.java

(2 of 2)

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152

11.17.2 BorderLayout
BorderLayout
Arranges components into five regions north, south, east,
west and center
Implements interface LayoutManager2
Provides horizontal gap spacing and vertical gap spacing

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153

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.18

Each container can have only one layout manager.
Separate containers in the same application can
use different layout managers.

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154

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.19

If no region is specified when adding a Component
to a BorderLayout, the layout manager assumes
that the Component should be added to region
BorderLayout.CENTER.

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155

Common Programming Error 11.6

When more than one component is added to a
region in a BorderLayout, only the last component
added to that region will be displayed. There is no
error that indicates this problem.

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Outline

156

BorderLayout
Frame.java

(1 of 2)

Declare BorderLayout instance

variable
Create BorderLayout
Set layout

Register event handler

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Outline

157

BorderLayout
Add buttons to application Frame.java
using

layout manager constants

(2 of 2)

Make button invisible

Make button visible

Update layout

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Outline

158

BorderLayout
Demo.java

(1 of 2)

horizontal gap

vertical gap

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Outline

159

BorderLayout
Demo.java

(2 of 2)

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160

11.17.3 GridLayout
GridLayout
Divides container into a grid
Every component has the same width and height

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Outline

161

GridLayout
Frame.java

(1 of 2)

Declare two GridLayout

instance variables

Create GridLayout

Set layout

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Outline

162

Add button to JFrameGridLayout

Frame.java

(2 of 2)

Use second layout

Use first layout

Update layout

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Outline

163

GridLayoutDemo
.java

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11.18 Using Panels to Manage More

Complex Layouts

164

Complex GUIs often require multiple panels to

arrange their components properly

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Outline

165

PanelFrame.java

(1 of 2)

Declare a JPanel to hold buttons

Create JPanel

Set layout

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Outline

166

Add button to panel PanelFrame.java

(2 of 2)
Add panel to application

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Outline

167

PanelDemo.java

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168

11.19 JTextArea
JTextArea
Provides an area for manipulating multiple lines of text

Box container
Subclass of Container
Uses a BoxLayout layout manager

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169

Look-and-Feel Observation 11.20

To provide line-wrapping functionality for a
JTextArea, invoke JTextArea method setLineWrap with a true argument.

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Outline

170

TextAreaFrame
.java

(1 of 2)
Declare JTextArea instance
variables

Create a Box container

Create text area and add to box

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Outline

171

Add button to box

TextAreaFrame
.java

(2 of 2)

Copy selected text from one text

area to the other

Create second text area and add it

to box

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Outline

172

TextAreaDemo
.java

(1 of 2)

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Outline

173

TextAreaDemo
.java

(2 of 2)

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174

JScrollPane Scrollbar Policies

JScrollPane has scrollbar policies
Horizontal policies
Always (HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS)
As needed (HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED)
Never (HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER)

Vertical policies
Always (VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS)
As needed (VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED)
Never (VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER)

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