Introduction to Java EE

Enterprise Application Development

Introduction to Java EE

Outline
Enterprise Applications
What is Java EE
EJBs
A brief technical look at EJBs
Java EE APIs

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Introduction to Java EE

Enterprise Applications
Applications designed to solve problems encountered by
large enterprises
Used by large corporations, governments, etc.
Useful for even small organizations in an increasingly
networked world

Large-scale Scalable
Reliable Secure
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Introduction to Java EE

Multi-Tiered Architecture
Functionality of application separated into isolated
functional areas called tiers
3-tiered architecture:

Client tier - client program makes requests to middle tier

Middle tier - handles client requests by processing

application data (business logic business tier)

Data tier - persistent data store

(database / legacy system / etc.)

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Introduction to Java EE

Multi-Tiered Architecture

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Introduction to Java EE

Enterprise Applications

Business
Logic

Standalon
e

Network
Network Communication
Communication

Web

Mobile
Client

PLSQL

Client
Client Session
Session Management
Management

Load
Load Balancing
Balancing
Middle Tier

Failover
Failover

In addition to business logic, we have to implement the

other middle-tier services (middleware)

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Very Complex
Needs technical expertise
Time consuming
Very costly

Tables

Database
Database Connectivity
Connectivity

Authentication
Authentication // Security
Security
Pooling
Pooling // Caching
Caching

Transaction
Transaction Management
Management

Database

Introduction to Java EE

Enterprise Applications
this
y
l
n
o
o
We d
Network
Network Communication
Communication
Client
Client Session
Session Management
Management

Business
Logic

Authentication
Authentication // Security
Security
Pooling
Pooling // Caching
Caching
Transaction
Transaction Management
Management
Database
Database Connectivity
Connectivity
Load
Load Balancing
Balancing
Failover
Failover

Java EE
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Introduction to Java EE

Java Technology

Programming Language + Platform.

3 Platforms of the Java programming language:

1.

Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)

2.

Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME)

3.

Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)

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Introduction to Java EE

Java Technology Java SE

1. Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)
When you think of Java programming language, you think of
Java SE
API
Provides core functionality of Java
Basic types and objects
Input/Output
Networking
Security
GUI development
Database access
XML processing

JVM
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Development
tools,
deployment
technologies,
other class
libraries

Introduction to Java EE

Java Technology Java ME

2. Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME)

API
Cut-down version of Java SE APIs

Basic types and objects

Input/Output
Networking
GUI development
Database access

A small footprint JVM

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Introduction to Java EE

Java Technology Java EE

3. Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)

API
Java EE

For developing and running large-scale,

multi-tiered, scalable, reliable and
secure enterprise applications

API

Java SE

Provides core functionality of Java

Basic types and objects
Input/Output
Networking
Security
GUI development
Database access
XML processing

JVM
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Development Model
Runtime environments
(containers)
Development tools,
Deployment
Technologies,
other class libraries

Introduction to Java EE

Multi-Tiered Applications
JavaEE Application
Server

Web application

Web browser

Business
Logic
Database

Standalone
Application

Client tier

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Middle tier

Data tier

Introduction to Java EE

Multi-Tiered Applications...
JavaEE Application
Server

Web application

Web browser

Servlets / JSP
Web Container

Business EJBs
Logic
Database

Standalone
Application

Client tier

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EJB Container

Business Logic

Middle tier

Data tier

Introduction to Java EE

EJB - Enterprise Java Beans

Session
Beans

Customer
Order
Manager

Inventory
Manager

Customer
Order
OrderNo: 1532

Customer
Order
OrderNo: 1533

Project
Activity
Manager

Inventory
Part
PartNo: BP03

EJB Container

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Entity Beans

Incoming
Customer
Order
Receiver

Message
Driven Beans

Introduction to Java EE

EJB - Enterprise Java Beans

A managed object
1. Encapsulates business logic

We write them!

2. Container manages the rest

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Availability across network

Transactions control
Security
Resource Management
We dont bother!

that contains
business logic and
live business data
of an enterprise application.
source: www.developer.com

Introduction to Java EE

Removed in EJB 3.0 !

Types of EJBs
Session Beans
Customer
Order
Manager

Implements Business Logic

Provides Service Methods
Ex:
// business operations
newCustomerOrder()
updateDeliveryAddress()
reserveCustomerOrder()

Internally uses Entity Beans to

deal with data.
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Replaced with POJO and Java Persistence API

Entity Beans
Customer
Order
Order No: 1003

A bean (class) represents an Entity

An instance represents an instance of
that entity (i.e. directly maps to a row
in corresponding table)
Purely represents data; does not
contain business logic
Ex:
getAmount()
//just getters
setAmount(amount) //and
setters!
Container synchronizes instance data
with database
Persists as long as the record lasts

Introduction to Java EE

Types of EJBs
Session Beans
Customer
Order
Manager

1. Stateless Session Beans

Does not remember state

2. Statefull Session Beans

Remembers state

Entity Beans
Customer
Order
Order No: 1003

1. Container Managed Persistence (CMP)

Container handles persistence

2. Bean Managed Persistence (BMP)

We handle persistence by writing SQL
code

3. Singleton Session Beans

Removed in EJB 3.0 !
Replaced with POJO and Java Persistence API

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Introduction to Java EE

A Simple Example
A user queries the total
amount of customer
order 1468
Customer Order
Manager

Standalone
Application
Get an instance of
CustomerOrderManager
session bean
Call its method:
calculateTotal (1468)

Customer
Order
Order No: 1468

public int calculateTotal(String orderNo){

Customer
Order Line
Order No: 1468

1.

Get Entity Bean instance of

Customer Order 1468

2.

Get its CustomerOrderLine bean

instances by calling
customerOrder.getLines()

Customer
Order Line

3.

Sum the amounts

customerOrderLine.getAmount()

Line No: 2

4.
}

Return total amount

Display result

Line No: 1

Order No: 1468

Customer
Order Line
Order No: 1468
Line No: 3

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Middle tier

Database

Introduction to Java EE

A Simple Example
A user queries the total amount
of a customer order

Customer
Order
Order No: 1003

Customer
Order Line
Order No: 1003
Line No: 1

Standalone
Application

Customer
Order Line

Customer Order
Manager

Order No: 1003

Line No: 2

Get an instance of
CustomerOrderMan
ager session bean
Call its
calculateTotalAmou
nt(R2918)

Customer
Order Line
Order No: 1003

Display result

Line No: 3

Database

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Introduction to Java EE

Java EE Application Model + APIs

Applications,
Applets

Client

Business
Partner / Other
System

IIOP

Web
Application

Mobile
Application

Web Browser

WSDL/SOAP/UDDI

Mobile Device

HTTP

HTTP

JNDI
JTA

Java RMI-IIOP

JAXP

Web Container

JAX-RPC

Servlets

JSPs

JAAS

EJBs
EJB Container

JDBC

JAX-RPC

JMS

JavaMail

Connectors

SQL

Back end
Database
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JCA

Proprietary Protocol

Existing System
Existing
System //
Legacy
Legacy System
System

Java EE
Application
Server

WSDL/
SOAP/
UDDI

Business
Partner / Other
System

SMTP/
POP3/
IMAP
Message
Oriented
Middleware

Email

Introduction to Java EE

JNDI
Java Naming and Directory Interface
Utilized by J2EE applications to locate resources and
objects in portable fashion

Applications use symbolic names to find object references to

resources via JNDI
The symbolic names and object references have to be
configured by system administrator when the application is
deployed.

Introduction to Java EE

What is a Servlet?
Java objects which extend the functionality of a HTTP
server
Dynamic contents generation
Better alternative to CGI, NSAPI, ISAPI, etc.

Efficient
Platform and server independent
Session management
Java-based

Introduction to Java EE

Servlet vs. CGI

Request CGI1
Request CGI1
Request CGI2
Request CGI2
Request CGI1
Request CGI1

Request Servlet1
Request Servlet1
Request Servlet2
Request Servlet2
Request Servlet1

CGI
CGI
Based
Based
Webserver
Webserver

Child for CGI1

Child for CGI1
Child for CGI2
Child for CGI2
Child for CGI1
Child for CGI1

Servlet
Servlet Based
Based Webserver
Webserver
Servlet1
Servlet1
JVM
JVM
Servlet2
Servlet2

Introduction to Java EE

What is JSP Technology?

Enables separation of business logic from presentation

Presentation is in the form of HTML or XML/XSLT

Business logic is implemented as Java Beans or custom

tags

Better maintainability, reusability

Extensible via custom tags

Builds on Servlet technology

Introduction to Java EE

JEE API References

RMI-IIOP (read as "RMI over IIOP") denotes the Java remote method invocation
(RMI) interface over the Internet Inter-Orb Protocol (IIOP), which delivers Common
Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) distributed computing capabilities to
the Java 2 platform. Java RMI-IIOP was developed by Sun Microsystems and IBM,
combining the best features of Java RMI technology with the best features of CORBA
technology.

The Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) is a Java API for a directory service
that allows Java software clients to discover and look up data and objects via a name.
Like all Java APIs that interface with host systems, JNDI is independent of the
underlying implementation. Additionally, it specifies a service provider interface (SPI)
that allows directory service implementations to be plugged into the framework. The
implementations may make use of a server, a flat file, or a database; the choice is up
to the vendor.

JavaServer Pages (JSP) is a Java technology that allows software developers to

create dynamically generated web pages, with HTML, XML, or other document types,
in response to a Web client request. The technology allows Java code and certain predefined actions to be embedded into static content.

Servlets are Java programming language objects that dynamically process requests
and construct responses. The Java Servlet API allows a software developer to add
dynamic content to a Web server using the Java platform.

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Introduction to Java EE

JEE API References...

Java API for XML-based RPC (JAX-RPC) allows a Java application to invoke a Javabased Web Service with a known description while still being consistent with its WSDL
description. It can be seen as Java RMIs over Web services. JAX-RPC 2.0 was renamed
to JAX-WS 2.0 (Java API for XML Web Services).

JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is an API for the Java programming language that
defines how a client may access a database. It provides methods for querying and
updating data in a database. JDBC is oriented towards relational databases.

The Java Transaction API (JTA) is one of the Java EE APIs allowing distributed
transactions to be done across multiple XA resources.

The Java API for XML Processing or JAXP (pronounced jaks-p), is one of the Java XML
programming APIs. It provides the capability of validating and parsing XML documents.

Java Authentication and Authorization Service, or JAAS, pronounced "Jazz", is a Java

security framework for user-centric security to augment the Java code-based security.

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Introduction to Java EE

JEE API References...

Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA) is a Java-based technology solution for

connecting application servers and enterprise information systems (EIS) as part of
enterprise application integration (EAI) solutions. While JDBC is specifically used to
connect Java EE applications to databases, JCA is a more generic architecture for
connection to legacy systems (including databases).

The Java Message Service (JMS) API is a Java Message Oriented Middleware
(MOM) API for sending messages between two or more clients.

JavaMail is a Java API used to receive and send email via SMTP,POP3 and IMAP.

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