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Modified Leture Notes 7 (CSC-103) Algorithm

This document contains lecture notes on basic algorithms and flowcharts. It introduces variables, data types, valid and invalid variable names. It provides examples of algorithms to add two numbers, find the average of 3 numbers, calculate the area of a circle, and convert days to months. Relational operators and flowchart symbols are defined. Examples are given for algorithms to calculate the area of a rectangle, determine the largest of two values, and calculate a student's grade. Pseudocode and detailed algorithms are provided for each example.

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Md Sakawat Hossain
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158 views29 pages

Modified Leture Notes 7 (CSC-103) Algorithm

This document contains lecture notes on basic algorithms and flowcharts. It introduces variables, data types, valid and invalid variable names. It provides examples of algorithms to add two numbers, find the average of 3 numbers, calculate the area of a circle, and convert days to months. Relational operators and flowchart symbols are defined. Examples are given for algorithms to calculate the area of a rectangle, determine the largest of two values, and calculate a student's grade. Pseudocode and detailed algorithms are provided for each example.

Uploaded by

Md Sakawat Hossain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture Notes 7

Department of Computer Science and Engineering


Sec-K,O,E,R,V
Course: CSC103 Fundamental Computer and
Applications

Basic Algorithm
Given By- Lecturer Fardina Fathmiul Alam
CSE Dept. IUBAT

Variable
A variable is a data name that may be
used to store a data value.
Variable hold a space in the computer
memory. Variable a declaring means
its hold a position in the computer
memory:

Valid name:
Average, hight,Counter_1, x1,ph_value
Invalid Names:
123,(area),25th,%

Algorithm: Adding Two


Numbers

Start
Declare 3 variables x,y,z of int type
Input the value on x
Input the value on y
Calculate z=x+y and store the
result on z
Print z
stop

Declare 3 variables means:


x
y
z

Input the value on x means:


x
y
z

Input the value on y means:


x
y
z

Calculate z=x+y means:


x
y
z

Store the result on z means:


x
y
z

12

Algorithm: Find out average of


3 numbers

Start
Declare 4 variables a,b,c,d of int type
Put the values on a,b,c
Calculate d=(a+b+c)/3
Store the result on d
Print d
stop

Algorithm: Find out the area of


a circle
Start
Declare 2 variables a and r of float
type
Put the value on r
Calculate a=3.1416*(r2)
Store the result on a
Print a
Stop

Algorithm: Convert day to


month

Start
Declare two variables d and m.
Put the value on d.
Calculate m=d/30.
Store the result on m
Print m
Stop

EXERSICE
Ask for float number and divide
second by first
Convert meter to kilometer

Algorithm: Read an integer


and print next & previous
integer

Start
Declare three variables c, x, y
Put the value on c.
Calculate x=c+1 (next int value)
Print x.
Calculate y=c-1 (prev int value)
Print y.
Stop

Relational Operators
Relational Operators

Operator

Description

>

Greater than

<

Less than

Equal to

Greater than or equal to

Less than or equal to

Not equal to

FLOW CHART

Flow Chart
A Flowchart
Graphical Representation of Algorithm
shows logic of an algorithm
shows individual steps and their
interconnections

Flowchart Symbols
Basic

Example 3
Write an algorithm and draw a
flowchart that will read the two sides
of a rectangle and calculate its area.
Pseudocode
Input the width (W) and Length (L) of a
rectangle
Calculate the area (A) by multiplying L
with W
Print A

Example 3
Algorithm
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:

START

Input W,L
AL x W
Print A

Input
W, L

ALxW

Print
A

STOP

IFTHENELSE
STRUCTURE
The structure is as follows
If condition then
true alternative
else
false alternative
endif

IFTHENELSE
STRUCTURE
The algorithm for the flowchart is as
follows:
If A>B then
print A
Y
N
is
A>B
else
print B
Print
Print
A
B
endif

Example 5
Write an algorithm that reads two values,
determines the largest value and prints the
largest value.
ALGORITHM
Step 1:
Input VALUE1, VALUE2
Step 2:
if (VALUE1 > VALUE2) then
MAX VALUE1
else
MAX VALUE2
endif
Step 3:
Print The largest value is, MAX

Example 5
START

Input
VALUE1,VALUE2

is
VALUE1>VALUE2

MAX VALUE1

MAX VALUE2

Print
The largest value is,
MAX
STOP

Pseudocode & Algorithm


Example 1: Write an algorithm to
determine a students final grade
and indicate whether it is passing or
failing. The final grade is calculated
as the average of four marks.

Pseudocode & Algorithm


Pseudocode:
Input a set of 4 marks
Calculate their average by summing and
dividing by 4
if average is below 50
Print FAIL
else
Print PASS

Pseudocode & Algorithm


Detailed Algorithm

Step 1:
Input M1,M2,M3,M4 of float
type
Step 2: GRADE (M1+M2+M3+M4)/4
Step 3: if (GRADE < 50) then
Print FAIL
else
Print PASS
endif

Example
START

Step 1: Input M1,M2,M3,M4 of float type


Step 2: GRADE (M1+M2+M3+M4)/4
Step 3: if (GRADE <50) then
Print FAIL
else
Print PASS
endif

Input
M1,M2,M3,M4

GRADE(M1+M2+M3+M4)/4

IS
GRADE<5
0

PRINT
PASS

PRINT
FAIL

STOP

The End

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